相转移催化聚环氧氯丙烷与亚硫酸盐磺化反应

用相转移催化聚环氧氯丙烷与亚硫酸盐反应合成磺酸聚醚。研究了溶剂、催化剂、磺化剂的种类及用量、反应条件对磺化率的影响。结果表明溶剂的极性、磺化剂的种类对磺化率有较大的影响 ,溶剂与水总用量一定时 ,溶剂用量越少 ,催化剂及磺化剂用量越大 ,反应温度越高 ,反应时间越长 ,磺化率越高。     

琥珀酸二辛酯磺酸钠的合成工艺研究

本文采用马来酸酐和异辛酯为原料,对甲苯磺酸作催化剂进行酯化反应,研究了不同真空度、反应时间、醉酐比、催化剂用量等因数对醋化反应的影响;采用偏重亚硫酸钠作磺化剂,单脂钠盐作相转移催化荆,与经提纯的醋化产物进行磺化反应,研究了不同单脂钠盐用量、磺化剂料比、溶剂水量等因数对磺化反应的影响.     

2-磺基-4-壬基苯基聚氧乙烯醚的合成工艺研究

以壬基酚为原料，以发烟硫酸作磺化剂，合成了壬基酚磺酸钠；然后以氢氧化钾为催化剂，进行乙氧基化反应得到2-磺基-4-壬基苯基聚氧乙烯醚。分别考察了反应条件对磺化反应和乙氧基化反应的影响；并用IR验证了所合成产物的结构。结果表明：在温度为40℃，磺化剂用量为壬基酚体积的31％，反应时间2h下，磺化产物收率为99.88％；在150℃，0．3MPa，催化剂用量为壬基酚磺酸钠质量的0．5％下2-磺基-4-壬基苯基聚氧乙烯醚的磺化度为87．78％，聚乙二醇的含量为3．51％。     

双环戊二烯在水溶性铑膦络合催化体系中的氢甲酰化反应

研究了采用水溶性铑膦络合催化体系对双环戊二烯的氢甲酰化反应，考查了反应温度、相转移剂ＣＴＡＢ、铑催化剂浓度等对反应的影响。氢甲酰化反应的产物经ＧＣ／ＭＳ鉴定是不饱和的三环癸单醛     

中温煤沥青磺化的工艺条件研究

以中温煤沥青为原料,浓硫酸为磺化剂,合成磺化沥青产品。考察了反应温度、时间、磺化比以及氮气保护对磺化度的影响,并确定制备磺化沥青的最佳条件:在氮气保护下,反应温度80℃,时间5h,磺化比为1.8,该条件下合成产物的磺化度达13.28%。     

乙二醇双琥珀酸烷基聚氧乙烯醚双酯磺酸钠的合成及泡沫性能研究

采用乙二醇、马来酸酐和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO3)为主要原料,采用两步酯化反应和磺化反应,在催化剂的作用下,合成了一种阴非离子型双子表面活性剂。各步反应的最佳条件:酯化反应Ⅰ(反应温度120℃,马来酸酐与乙二醇的摩尔比为2.15∶1,催化剂用量2%,反应时间4 h);酯化反应Ⅱ(AEO3∶酯化产物Ⅰ摩尔比为2.10,反应温度180℃,催化剂用量3%,反应时间6 h);磺化反应(温度100℃,亚硫酸氢钠与酯化产物摩尔比为1∶3,催化剂用量1.5%,反应时间4 h)。产物的临界胶束浓度为0.17 mmol/L,γCMC为35.2 m N/m,浓度750 mg/L时,泡沫性能达到稳定。     

磺基琥珀酸二己酯钠的合成与性能研究

研究了采用非外加相转移催化剂在敞开体系中进行反应合成磺基琥珀酸二己酯钠的新方法(Ⅰ)。得到最佳工艺条件为 :n(己醇 )∶n(顺酐 ) =2 .2 0∶1.0 0 ,于 130℃下酯化反应 1.5h ,得到酯化率为 95 %的酯化产物。n(亚硫酸氢钠 )∶n(顺酐 ) =1.0 5∶1.0 0 ,加热介质温度为 12 0℃下磺化反应2h。测定了所得产物的表面活性与应用性能 :表面张力、临界胶束浓度、乳化力和渗透率分别为3.35× 10 - 2 N m、1.2 9× 10 - 2 mol L、1.33min和 4.1s。与外加相转移催化剂方法 (Ⅱ)制得产物进行性能对比 ,结果表明 :两种方法所得产物的主要表面活性和应用性能相近。而方法 (Ⅰ)比方法 (Ⅱ)减少了水洗、蒸馏和外加相转移催化剂的过程 ,故具有较大的应用前景。     

轻度磺化聚苯乙烯的制备与吸水性能研究

以聚苯乙烯为原料、浓硫酸为磺化剂,通过磺化反应制备了轻度磺化的磺化聚苯乙烯,通过红外光谱进行了结构表征,探讨了磺化剂的用量、反应温度、反应时间对磺化度的影响,研究了不同磺化度的磺化聚苯乙烯的吸水性能。结果表明:磺化剂的用量增加,聚苯乙烯的磺化度提高。当聚苯乙烯与磺化剂的质量比为1∶0.6,反应温度60℃和反应时间4 h时磺化度为2.9%。此外,吸水性实验显示磺化聚苯乙烯随着浸入时间的增加而增大,磺化度越高,吸水性越强。     

薛佛氏盐生产中磺化工艺的改进

本文对薛佛氏盐磺化中磺化温度、磺化剂浓度和用量等影响因素进行分析，通过大生产实测，找出薛盐磺化的最佳反应温度、磺化剂的最佳浓度和用量。     

琥珀酸二(4-甲基-2-戊酯)磺酸钠的合成与性能研究

研究了采用非外加相转移催化剂在敞开体系中进行反应合成琥珀酸二 (4 甲基 2 戊酯 )磺酸钠的新方法 (Ⅰ )。得到最佳工艺条件为 :n(4 甲基 2 戊醇 )∶n (顺酐 ) =2 .40∶1.0 0 ,于 130℃下酯化反应 2 .5h ,得到收率为 96 %的酯化产物。n (亚硫酸氢钠 )∶n (顺酐 ) =1.10∶1.0 0 ,加热介质温度为 140℃下磺化反应 3 .2 5h。测定了所得产物的表面张力、临界胶束浓度、乳化率和渗透率分别为 2 .895× 10 -2 N/m、3 .0 2× 10 -2 mol/L、1.5 8min和 6 .5s。与外加相转移催化剂的方法(Ⅱ )进行性能对比 ,结果表明 :两种方法所得产物的表面活性和应用性能相近。而方法Ⅰ比方法Ⅱ减少了水洗、蒸馏和外加相转移催化剂的过程 ,故具有较好的应用前景     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.