泡沫玻璃生产技术的研究进展

概述了泡沫玻璃的发展及研究现状,介绍了利用废玻璃、粉煤灰、脱镁硼泥、油页岩渣、废阴极射线管、珍珠岩尾矿和浮石等固体废弃物制备泡沫玻璃的工艺方法,以及制备泡沫玻璃的典型工艺流程.辅助添加剂对泡沫玻璃的烧成反应和性能有重要影响,按照作用机理的不同,将添加剂划分为发泡剂、稳泡剂、促进剂、表面活性剂、着色剂、脱模剂等几类进行分析讨论,并展望了泡沫玻璃的发展前景.     

面向固废资源化的能源-环境-经济综合绩效评价研究进展

随着经济快速发展,城市化进程不断加快,固废数量持续增长,固废资源化问题受到广泛关注.由于固废资源化技术工艺众多,且具有资源能源节约、环境保护和经济效益等多重属性,其评价方法已成为当下研究的热点.能源-环境-经济(3E)评价此前已被广泛应用于能源、环境、经济的可持续发展研究,可对3E综合绩效进行统筹量化评估,与固废资源化具有相似的属性定位,已逐渐应用到固废资源化的绩效评估中.近年来,已有部分学者采用3E评价方法对固废资源化技术的综合绩效进行分析,然而,固废资源化技术与生产制造等正向供应链技术不同,固废资源化过程受到上游不同原材料的影响较大,且固废原材料组分复杂,导致污染物排放种类众多,回收利用过程的物质产出同时涉及资源、能源、污染物等诸多方面.传统的3E评价存在视角未涉及全生命周期过程、指标难以适配固废资源化技术等问题,已难以适用于固废资源化技术工艺综合绩效的评价与优化.在现有面向固废资源化的3E评价指标研究中,有学者将发电量、产热量、产气量等指标纳入再生能源指标中,但针对再生资源产出等指标尚未涉及;此外,针对单一过程的单一环境指标难以满足固废资源化评价多过程、多指标的要求,将生命周期评价方法作为环境指标选取的依据是今后重要的研究方向;在经济指标的研究中,固废资源化技术带来的环保税抵扣、减免和政策补贴等经济因素有待进一步研究.在评价方法的研究中,目前多采用与主客观赋权方法相结合的多属性决策方法以降低权重带来的主观影响,通过改进优化算法的多目标优化方法与多属性决策相结合,为技术工艺的择选与优化提供理论支撑.本文阐明了固废资源化与3E评价之间的关系,基于大样本筛选出的119篇SCI论文,分析3E评价研究视角、指标体系及评价方法的设计思路,探索固废资源化过程与3E评价相结合的可行性,提出固废资源化多维绩效评价的发展展望,以期为固废资源化评价工作提供新思路.     

泡沫玻璃与固体废弃物的循环利用

概述了泡沫玻璃的发展研究现状,介绍了利用碎玻璃制备泡沫玻璃的典型工艺流程,从热学性质、声学性质、吸水性和轻质、高强、不燃性等方面讨论了泡沫玻璃的性能及其应用,同时介绍了粉煤灰、硼泥、废阴极射线管和煤矸石等环境污染严重的固体废弃物在泡沫玻璃中的应用.以固体废弃物为主要原料制备泡沫玻璃,无论从理论上还是在实际应用中都是十分可行的.     

冶金渣生产微晶玻璃技术探讨

本文介绍了微晶玻璃生产工艺及技术的发展,通过对冶金渣渣性、成分的分析,探讨了冶金渣在微晶玻璃生产上的可行性。并且利用冶金渣自身所具备的显热型,节约微晶玻璃生产的热量需求,从而降低成本,更加适合市场要求。同时,为冶金渣渣资源化利用提供了良好的条件,符合当今社会对环保及固废资源循环利用的需求。     

废水泥浆对水泥胶砂性能的影响研究

研究了废水泥浆澄清液、浆体以及干燥后的粉体对水泥胶砂流动度以及抗压强度的影响,为废水泥浆在预拌混凝土生产中的的回收利用提供技术基础,解决废水泥浆的环境污染和资源化利用问题。     

以建立标准体系为手段实现再生资源示范基地最大效益

固体废弃物对人类环境的影响,已成为全球化的问题。通过对发达国家关于固体废弃物标准化管理以及资源化技术的进展回顾,以清远再生资源示范基地为研究目标,提出如何以建立标准体系为手段,创造废七类物资（包括废五金电器、废电线电缆和废电机等）循环再用的最大价值。     

工业固废基地质聚合物在环境领域的应用研究进展

工业固废基地质聚合物是一种以工业固体废弃物为原料制备而成的新型绿色凝胶材料,具有原料来源广泛,成本低廉,绿色环保等特点,是工业固废资源化利用的重要途径之一,在环境保护领域具有十分广阔的应用前景。重点概述了不同工业固废制备地质聚合物的研究现状,并介绍了其在碳捕集、废水治理、固化重金属以及其他环境治理领域的应用研究进展,以期推动固废基地质聚合物的研究和促进工业固废的资源化利用。     

工业固废资源化产品质量安全评价指标体系研究

随着工业固废综合利用率逐渐提高,工业固废资源化产品的质量安全问题也日益凸显。本文从固废资源化产品对人体和环境的危害入手,采用危害因子识别的方法,构建了固废资源化产品质量安全评价的定性和定量指标体系,并提出了相应的评价流程及对策建议。     

轻质玻璃基复合材料的研制及性能分析

主要以废玻璃和铸造废砂为主要原料,添加适量发泡剂、助熔剂、稳泡剂为辅助原料,用粉末烧结法制备了轻质玻璃基复合材料,利用热差分析和扫描电镜测试技术对轻质玻璃基复合材料的微观表征进行了分析.     

废玻璃变轻石打造绿色“海绵”工程新资材

玻璃轻石是通过再生资源化技术将废旧玻璃改造而成。其与水土相融和多孔质轻抗压等特性,符合我国城市绿化、城市海绵体建设的资材要求。通过在屋顶绿化、生态停车场雨水收集、生态浮岛等工程方面的应用研究,验证了玻璃轻石产品在绿色"海绵"工程的独特功能和明显效果。     

Physical,microstructure and leaching assessments for pavement road base containing mixed steel slag and cathode ray tube glass

Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy - Use of by-product materials, such as steel slag and cathode ray tube glass, as alternative recycled materials in the construction of roads, could...     

An overview of recycling and treatment of scrap computers

In order to recover valuable materials and to minimize the adverse effects of hazardous materials contained in scrap computers, a dismantling practice is commonly adopted to treat scrap computers. By using the dismantling process, both useful and hazardous materials can be manually separated and retrieved. On the basis of the properties of the retrieved materials, they can be sent to appropriate facilities for further recycling or treatment. Among the retrieved materials, the treatment of hazardous materials from cathode ray tubes (CRT) and printed circuit boards with integrated circuits have drawn considerable attention, thus implying that the proper treatment of such materials can greatly assure the successful recycling of scrap computers. For this reason, this study reviews the available technologies which can be applied to treat and recycle cathode ray tube components and printed circuit boards with integrated circuits. Actual recycling data from a scrap computer recycling plant located in Taiwan are also introduced. The data show that this recycling plant can recover 94.75 wt. % and 45.99 wt. % of useful materials from the main machines (i.e., CPU, power supplier, fan, IC boards, DVD drive, CD drive, hard disk, soft disk, shell casing, etc.) and monitors of scrap computers, respectively.     

A novel approach to recycling of glass fibers from nonmetal materials of waste printed circuit boards

The printed circuit boards (PCBs) contain nearly 70% nonmetal materials, which usually are abandoned as an industrial solid-waste byproduct during the recycling of waste PCBs. However those materials have abundant high-value glass fibers. In this study, a novel fluidized bed process technology for recycling glass fibers from nonmetal materials of waste PCBs is studied. The recycled glass fibers (RGF) are analyzed by determination of their purity, morphology and surface chemical composition. This process technology is shown to be effective and robust in treating with nonmetal materials of waste PCBs. The thermoset resins in the nonmetal materials are decomposed in the temperature range from 400 °C to 600 °C. And the glass fibers are collected at high purity and recovery rate by the cyclone separators without violating the environmental regulation. This novel fluidized bed technology for recycling high-value glass fibers from nonmetal materials of waste PCBs represents a promising way for recycling resources and resolving the environmental pollutions during recycling of waste PCBs.     

Waste Characterization by Scanning Electron Microscopy for Material Recovery

Worldwide legislation coming into force requires considering new waste streams in order to achieve higher targets for material recovery and recycling. It is necessary, therefore, to manage waste materials in which different components are linked together and contaminants of various origins are present. Waste materials thus need to be treated that have a complex and often unknown composition and present different structural, morphological, and chemical properties. The physical and chemical characterization of solid waste is an essential step for the development of suitable treatment strategies, aimed at the recovery of one or more waste components. Scanning electron microscopy appears to be in most cases very helpful for waste characterization, providing information on material size, shape, structure, texture, distribution, and composition. Examples of waste characterization through scanning electron microscopy, finalized to material recovery, are reported. The waste materials taken into consideration include solids of different nature, such as spent lead batteries, cathode ray tubes (CRT), and printed circuit boards (PCB).     

Waste Characterization by Scanning Electron Microscopy for Material Recovery

Worldwide legislation coming into force requires considering new waste streams in order to achieve higher targets for material recovery and recycling. It is necessary, therefore, to manage waste materials in which different components are linked together and contaminants of various origins are present. Waste materials thus need to be treated that have a complex and often unknown composition and present different structural, morphological, and chemical properties. The physical and chemical characterization of solid waste is an essential step for the development of suitable treatment strategies, aimed at the recovery of one or more waste components. Scanning electron microscopy appears to be in most cases very helpful for waste characterization, providing information on material size, shape, structure, texture, distribution, and composition. Examples of waste characterization through scanning electron microscopy, finalized to material recovery, are reported. The waste materials taken into consideration include solids of different nature, such as spent lead batteries, cathode ray tubes (CRT), and printed circuit boards (PCB).     

Development and mechanical properties of metal–particulate glass matrix composites from recycled glasses

The great number of glasses available from recycling activity and vitrification treatment of industrial wastes leads to the need for new applications, with the development of new materials, such as low-cost composite materials from a powder technology route. In the present work a variety of recycled glasses is investigated, in order to obtain aluminium reinforced glass matrix composites via cold-pressing and viscous flow sintering. A good compatibility between lead silicate glasses from cathode ray tubes dismantling and aluminium reinforcement is found to be effective. Composites exhibiting good mechanical properties were developed from these materials. A particular attention was due to fracture toughness (K_IC) determination. The absolute K_IC of glass matrix composites value remains low, but a notable increment in relation to unreinforced matrix is observed.     

Estimation of future outflows and infrastructure needed to recycle personal computer systems in California

The objectives of the present study are to estimate future quantities of electronic waste (e-waste) for which appropriate infrastructure needs to be established, and to the estimate the total cost for e-waste recycling in California. Estimation of the future amounts of e-waste as a function of time is critical to effective e-waste management. To generate estimates, we use a time-series materials flow analysis model (MFAM). The model estimates future e-waste quantities by modeling the stages of production, usage, and disposal. We consider four scenarios for the estimation of future e-waste generation in order to consider the effects of exportation outside the State of California and of user preferences to store or to recycle the e-waste. These efforts were further investigated through the use of sensitivity analysis. The results of the present research indicate that the outflow (recycling) amount of central processing units (CPUs) will increase and will reach approximately 8.5 million units per year in 2013, but the outflow (recycling) of cathode ray tube (CRT) monitors will decrease from 2004 in California because of the replacement of CRT monitors by liquid crystal display (LCD) monitors. In 2013, the cost for CPU recycling will be 1.7 times higher than that in 2005. But for CRT monitors, the cost for recycling in 2013 will be negligible. After the State of California enacted the ban on landfill disposal of e-waste, recycling became the most common end-of-life (EOL) option in California. Also, after 2005, the State of California will need more than 60 average-capacity materials recovery facilities (MRFs), to recycle the number of personal computer systems generated, which represents an investment in capital of over 16 million dollars.     

Characterization of lead, barium and strontium leachability from foam glasses elaborated using waste cathode ray-tube glasses

Foam glass manufacture is a promising mode for re-using cathode ray tube (CRT) glasses. Nevertheless, because CRTs employ glasses containing heavy metals such as lead, barium and strontium, the leaching behaviour of foam glasses fabricated from CRTs must be understood. Using the AFNOR X 31-210 leaching assessment procedure, the degree of element inertization in foam glasses synthesized from waste CRT glasses (funnel and panel glasses, containing lead and barium/strontium respectively) were determined. The amount of leached lead from foam glasses prepared from funnel glass depends on the nature and concentration of the reducing agent. The effects of the reducing agents on the generation of cellular structure in the fabrication of foam glass were studied. The fraction of lead released from foam glass was less than those extracted from funnel glass and was lower than the statutory limit. Leached concentrations of barium and strontium were found to be approximately constant in various tests and were also below regulatory limits.     

Quotes for environmentally weighted recyclability (QWERTY): Concept of describing product recyclability in terms of environmental value

The quotes for environmentally weighted recyclability (QWERTY) approach focuses on the determination of environmentally weighted recycling scores rather than weight-based recycling scores. The concept describes the environmental performance of processing discarded products. It is very powerful in assessing the effectiveness of end-of-life processing, the consequences of design of products in relation to recyclability issues and the consequences of proposed legislation on take-back and recycling of consumer electronic products. QWERTY takes into account the 'environmental value' of secondary materials and the environmental burden of end-of-life treatment itself. The basic mathematical procedures for calculating QWERTY scores are presented as well as the application on the actual processing of different categories of consumer electronic products. For these categories, the complex decomposition behaviour into fractions has been modelled and integrated into the QWERTY calculations. Application of the QWERTY concept shows how well the primary environmental goals of take-back and end-of-life treatment, reduction of material depletion, controlling potential toxicity and reducing emissions can be achieved in practice. Applying the QWERTY concept on the end-of-life treatment of cathode ray tube containing appliances and cellular phones shows its value in assessing priorities in the field of policy, technology and design.     

X-ray radiation shielding properties of cement mortars prepared with different types of aggregates

The types of aggregate used play an important role in determining the effectiveness of X-ray radiation protection of cement mortars. Cement mortars were prepared using fine aggregates obtained from six different sources. The influence of aggregate type on X-ray shielding properties was studied. The results showed that mortars prepared with barite and lead-laden recycled cathode ray tube funnel glass provided better shielding properties than mortars prepared with natural sand, natural crushed fine stone or crushed beverage glass. This is attributed to the use of dense aggregates being able to interact with X-ray radiation, thus reducing the depth of penetration. Due to the superior shielding properties of the mortar containing barite, it can be used to replace traditional sand mortar for applications as rendering or plastering materials for the construction of medical diagnostic and CT scanner rooms.