A blind medical image watermarking: DWT-SVD based robust and secure approach for telemedicine applications

Multimedia Tools and Applications - In this paper, a blind image watermarking scheme based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD) is proposed. In this scheme,...     

Region-based reversible medical image watermarking algorithm for privacy protection and integrity authentication

Medical images are widely used in telemedicine, sharing and electronic transmission between hospitals. While enjoying convenience, medical images also face privacy disclosure, illegal copy and malicious tamper, etc. It is highly important to ensure privacy and integrity of medical images. Cogitating the above needs, a reversible medical image watermarking algorithm for privacy protection and integrity authentication is proposed. Firstly, the medical image is divided into the ROI (Region of Interest) and RONI (Region of Non-Interest) based on active contour model. Then, the proposed “Three-Dimensional Watermarks” are generated, including authentication watermark, restoration watermark and privacy watermark, which are produced by the novel Parallel Lattice Hash Function, the proposed Neighborhood Difference Method, and the proposed encryption algorithm, respectively. Moreover, “Double-Layer Reversible Embedding Strategy Based on Difference Expansion” is modified in ROI to improve embedding capacity, and “Histogram Modification Reversible Embedding Strategy of Difference Image” is modified to adaptively acquire four or more peak points, which is more flexible than common algorithms. Experimental results confirm the efficient of the proposed scheme, and demonstrate it not only realizes privacy protection, integrity authentication, reversibility, but also holds the characteristics of higher security, larger capacity and better restoration quality.

     

Multi-level security of medical images based on encryption and watermarking for telemedicine applications

Multimedia Tools and Applications - In this paper, a robust and hybrid domain watermarking scheme is proposed for the security of medical images in telemedicine applications. The secret identity of...     

Medical image region based watermarking for secured telemedicine

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Exchange of Medical images over public networks entail a methodology to offer secrecy for the image along with confirmation for image integrity. In this paper, a...     

Chaotic based secure watermarking approach for medical images

In this paper, a chaotic based secure medical image watermarking approach is proposed. The method is using non sub-sampled contourlet transform (NSCT), redundant discrete wavelet transform (RDWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD) to provide significant improvement in imperceptibility and robustness. Further, security of the approach is ensured by applying 2-D logistic map based chaotic encryption on watermarked medical image. In our approach, the cover image is initially divided into sub-images and NSCT is applied on the sub-image having maximum entropy. Subsequently, RDWT is applied to NSCT image and the singular vector of the RDWT coefficient is calculated. Similar procedure is followed for both watermark images. The singular value of both watermarks is embedded into the singular matrix of the cover. Experimental evaluation shows when the approach is subjected to attacks, using combination of NSCT, RDWT, SVD and chaotic encryption it makes the approach robust, imperceptible, secure and suitable for medical applications.

     

基于区域的非下采样形态小波医学图像融合算法

提出了基于区域的非下采样形态小波医学图像融合算法。该算法首先将待融合的图像进行非下采样形态Haar小波分解成高频子带和低频子带,对低频子带图像直接按绝对值最大的规则进行融合,对各高频子带图像则先进行区域分割,对分割的区域根据其活跃度指数进行匹配,再对相匹配的区域按能量最大规则进行融合;最后根据融合后的低频子带及高频子带进行融合图像重构。实验结果表明,该算法在保持移不变形态小波融合方法优点的基础上,增强了融合图像的细节及亮度信息,同时有效地克服了对噪声和非精确配准敏感等缺点。     

Quantization based multiple medical information watermarking for secure e-health

Multimedia Tools and Applications - In this paper, an improved wavelet based medical image watermarking algorithm is proposed. Initially, the proposed technique decomposes the cover medical image...     

Robust SVD-based schemes for medical image watermarking

Nowadays, several information security issues can compromise the medical images administration. The source and origin of the medical image must be authenticated to verify that it corresponds to the right patient. A second issue is to avoid detachment between an electronic medical record and the corresponding images. One possible solution is the use of digital watermarking techniques applied to medical images, considering the imperceptibility and robustness requirements of the medical imaging watermarking. To increase the security of medical image sharing and transfer, we present in this work a watermarking approach to protect medical images. This innovative approach consists precisely of carefully inserting hospital signature information and patient data into the medical image. The ambitious goal of our work is to properly integrate the watermark with as little distortion as possible to typically retain the medical information in the image. In this flexible approach DWT decomposition is applied to the image which allows a remarkably satisfactory adjustment during the insertion. An SVD is then applied to the three subbands LL, LH and HL, which allows retaining the maximum energy of the image in a necessary minimum of singular values. A possible combination of the three resulting singular value matrices is then performed for watermark integration. A possible combination of the three resulting singular value matrices is then performed for watermark integration. The proposed approach ensures information integrity, patient confidentiality when sharing data, and robustness to several conventional attacks.     

Self authenticating medical X-ray images for telemedicine applications

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Telemedicine focuses on sharing medical images over network among doctors for better consultation. Hence medical images must be protected from unwanted...     

一种简化的基于分块模运算的安全数字水印算法

基于分块模运算的数字图像水印是一种有效的用于版权保护及盗版跟踪的空域图像水印算法。它通过在图像特征边缘点附近选择由3x3像素点所组成的块并调整该块平均亮度的值嵌入水印。然而,原算法需要存储原始图像的特征边缘点用于水印检测,而且还存在算法安全性问题。通过随机选择嵌入水印的像素块位置有效地简化了算法,并利用保持嵌入水印图像平均亮度不变改进了算法安全性。实验及理论分析证明了算法的有效性。     

Slantlet based hybrid watermarking technique for medical images

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Watermarking techniques are widely used for copyright protection, confidentiality and integrity issues in medical field. Reversibility, robustness, embedding...     

Multipurpose medical image watermarking for effective security solutions

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Digital medical images contain important information regarding patient’s health and very useful for diagnosis. Even a small change in medical images...     

Security analysis of a key based color image watermarking vs. a non-key based technique in telemedicine applications

Recently, digital watermarking has become an important technique to preserve patients’ privacy in telemedicine applications. Since, medical information are highly sensitive, security of watermarked medical images becomes a critical issue in telemedicine applications. In this paper, two targeted attacks have been proposed against a key based color image watermarking scheme and also a non-key based one, in order to evaluate their security in telemedicine applications. The target schemes are SVD-based and QR-based color image watermarking algorithms, which their embedding procedures are quit the same. The proposed attacks exploit the prior knowledge of the watermarking algorithms to make changes in the exact embedding spaces. Thus, these changes would cause disruption in extraction procedure. Our experimental results show that the key based watermarking scheme is more secure than the non-key based one. This is because the proposed targeted attack needs to distort the key based watermarked images more than non-key based ones to remove the embedded watermarks. Our proposed targeted attacks also have more efficient performance in removing watermarks than other general attacks such as JPEG compression, Gaussian noise and etc. Finally, these attacks have been proposed to show the vulnerabilities of watermarking schemes in order to help the designers to implement more secure schemes.     

A secure and robust color image watermarking using nature-inspired intelligence

Neural Computing and Applications - The security of multimedia information is a prime concern in the present digital world. As a remedy, a robust color image watermarking in the transform domain...     

SVM based robust watermarking for enhanced medical image security

Medical images are more typical than any other ordinary images, since it stores patient’s information for diagnosis purpose. Such images need more security and confidentiality as total diagnosis depends on it. In telemedicine applications, transmission of medical image via open channel, demands strong security and copyright protection. In our proposed robust watermarking model, a double layer security is introduced to ensure the robustness of embedded data. The embedded data is scrambled using a unique key and then a transform domain based hybrid watermarking technique is used to embed the scrambled data into the transform coefficients of the host image. The data embedding in medical images involves more attention, so that the diagnosis part must not be affected by any modification. Therefore, Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used as a classifier, which classify a medical image into two regions i.e. Non Region of Interest (NROI) and Region of Interest (ROI) to embed watermark data into the NROI part of the medical image, using the proposed embedding algorithm. The objective of the proposed model is to avoid any quality degradation to the medical image. The simulation is performed to measure the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) for imperceptibility and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) to test the robustness. The experimented result shows, robustness and imperceptibility with SSIM of more than 0.50 and PSNR of more than 35 dB for proposed watermarking model.

     

Dual hybrid medical watermarking using walsh-slantlet transform

A hybrid robust lossless data hiding algorithm is proposed in this paper by using the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) with Fast Walsh Transform (FWT) and Slantlet Transform (SLT) for image authentication. These transforms possess good energy compaction with distinct filtering, which leads to higher embedding capacity from 1.8 bit per pixel (bpp) up to 7.5bpp. In the proposed algorithm, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is applied for region of interest (ROI) detection and two different watermarks are created. Embedding is done after applying FWH by changing the SVD coefficients and by changing the highest coefficients of SLT subbands. In dual hybrid embedding first watermark is the ROI and another watermark consists of three parts, i.e., patients’ personal details, unique biometric ID and the key for encryption. Comparison of the proposed algorithm is done with the existing watermarking techniques for analyzing the performance. Experiments are simulated on the proposed algorithm by casting numerous attacks for testing the visibility, robustness, security, authenticity, integrity and reversibility. The resultant outcome proves that the watermarked image has an improved imperceptibility with a high level of payload, low time complexity and high Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) against the existing approaches.

     

基于混沌的医学图像窜改定位零水印算法

针对医学信息遭遇窜改、窃取等信息安全问题,提出了一种基于混沌的零水印算法.利用Arnold置乱算法对原始载体图像进行k次置乱,然后提取置乱图像每一个像素的最低有效位与二值水印作异或运算来构造零水印,实际嵌入的水印图像通过混沌映射加密来隐藏水印信息.提取水印后对原水印图像与提取的水印取绝对差,若遭遇窜改,则能定位窜改位置及窜改形状.实验证明,混沌系统的大密钥空间和对初值的敏感性增加了算法的鲁棒性,并且算法在常规攻击下依然能准确定位窜改位置及形状.     

医学图像数字水印的非线性方法

医学图像在存储和传输过程中,不允许做有损压缩等变换。医院给出图像必须是要负责任的,所以医学图像不允许别人改动,特别是在病灶区不能改动。为了确保达到这一目的,一种新的采用符号动力学方法的数字水印被提出。根据这一方法,在嵌入水印的时候,可以使得图像中的关键部分不需要修改。一旦有人改动图像,马上可以从水印检查中发现,可以确保图像不被别人改动。     

Robust and hybrid SVD-based image watermarking schemes:

Multimedia Tools and Applications - These days, researchers have used many techniques in e-multimedia data for intellectual property protection. One of these important techniques is watermarking...