蜂蜜抗氧化活性研究进展

蜂蜜是一种药食两用的天然甜味食品,具有抑菌、抗炎、治疗烫烧伤及儿童咳嗽等多种功能。这些功能均与蜂蜜中含有抗氧化活性物质有关,该文从体外和体内两方面综述了蜂蜜的抗氧化活性。     

蜂蜜中抗菌活性物质及其抑菌作用机理研究进展

蜂蜜是由工蜂采集的花蜜及其自身分泌物混合而成的一种天然甜味物质,具有良好的抗菌活性,含有多种天然抗菌活性物质。近年来,已有大量研究报道了蜂蜜中抗菌活性物质的研究进展,包括甲基乙二醛、过氧化氢、多酚、抗菌肽和王浆主蛋白等。大量研究表明,过氧化氢是蜂蜜中最重要的抗菌活性物质之一。本文着重综述了各抗菌有效活性物质在蜂蜜抑菌过程中所发挥的重要作用,进一步以蜂蜜中的过氧化氢为例,总结了葡萄糖氧化酶催化葡萄糖生成过氧化氢的过程,并对产生和降解过氧化氢的其他途径以及影响过氧化氢产生的理化因素进行了综述。合理调控蜂蜜中过氧化氢的产生,对蜂蜜抑菌乃至其他生物活性发挥起着重要的作用。本综述也为蜂蜜的临床安全用药及相关功能食品研发提供参考依据。     

麦卢卡蜂蜜特征标志物及其分析方法研究进展

麦卢卡蜂蜜是产自新西兰的医疗级蜂蜜,具有独特的非过氧化抗菌活性,抗菌活性与其特征标志物有密切联系。随着国外学者对麦卢卡蜂蜜中抗菌活性物质的深入研究,其中的抗菌活性物质被不断地发现和证实,目前已发现的麦卢卡蜂蜜的特征标志物包括甲基乙二醛、3,5-二甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯-4-双葡萄糖苷、3-苯基乳酸、2-甲氧基苯乙酮、2-甲氧基苯甲酸、4-羟苯基乳酸、Lepteridine等,这些化合物也已应用于麦卢卡蜂蜜的质量评价和真伪鉴别中。麦卢卡蜂蜜在我国进口蜂蜜中所占的比重越来越大,但国内对麦卢卡蜂蜜的研究起步较晚,本文针对与麦卢卡蜂蜜质量评价及真伪鉴别相关的特征标志物及其分析方法进行了综述,以期为麦卢卡蜂蜜的质量评价和真伪鉴别研究提供参考。     

蜂蜜中酚类物质及其抗氧化活性研究进展

酚类物质是蜂蜜中重要的生物活性成分,包括酚酸、黄酮及其衍生物,具有抗氧化活性,可以清除超氧阴离子自由基、过氧亚硝酸盐自由基、脂质过氧化自由基、DPPH自由基、ABTS＋ ·、羟自由基等。本文综述了国内外蜂蜜中酚类物质的提取、检测、主要成分及其抗氧化活性的研究进展,旨在为蜂蜜中酚类物质的开发及应用提供依据。     

蜂蜜中有机活性组分检测的色谱方法研究

蜂蜜最主要的组成成分是糖和水的饱和溶液,蜂蜜当中糖分的总含量在75%以上,其中蜂蜜总糖中容易被人体吸收的果糖以及葡萄糖的含量占总糖的80%,蜂蜜当中含有多种有机活性物质和微量元素,具有提高人体免疫力、加快伤口的愈合等重要作用,蜂蜜当中营养物质和营养成分的多少会直接影响蜂蜜的颜色、香气、使用口感和营养价值,蜂蜜当中的活性营养物质蜂蜜营养物质的主要构成成分,营养物质的多少直接影响蜂蜜的营养价值和蜂蜜的抗氧化功能。为了能更好的评价蜂蜜的实际品质,本文以色谱法为基础,分析探讨了蜂蜜当中黄铜以及有机酸等化合物。     

无刺蜂蜂蜜研究进展

无刺蜂是蜜蜂科（Apidae）麦蜂族（Meliponini）下一类具有重要生态价值和经济价值的授粉昆虫。同蜜蜂属各蜂种类似,无刺蜂可从开花植物蜜腺中采集花蜜,经酿造后储存于巢房中的甜物质即为无刺蜂蜂蜜。同普通蜂蜜相比,无刺蜂蜂蜜香气浓郁,呈现水分含量高、酸度高、糖分低、结晶慢等特点,具有独特的口感和良好的药用价值,因而也成为近年来国际蜂产品研究的热点。我国无刺蜂分布区域较为局限,仅分布于云南、海南、广西、西藏、台湾省等热带亚热带地区,因此我国目前对无刺蜂蜂蜜的研究相对较少。本文结合近年来本团队研究及以国内外无刺蜂蜂蜜研究情况为基础,围绕其理化指标及药理活性研究进行了综述,以期为我国无刺蜂蜂蜜质量标准、营养品质及功能评价研究提供参考。     

蜂蜜对代谢综合征的作用机制研究进展

代谢综合征是机体以胰岛素抵抗为核心,发生碳水化合物、脂肪、蛋白质等物质代谢紊乱,进而导致肥胖、血脂异常、心血管疾病等症候群的病理状态,现已成为威胁人类健康的重要因素。蜂蜜富含糖类、酚类等营养成分,具有抗氧化、抗炎、抑菌等多种生物活性,大量研究表明蜂蜜可以缓解代谢综合征,并对肠道菌群有调节作用。本文从胰岛素抵抗、调节糖脂蛋白代谢途径的机制和调节肠道菌群等方面阐述蜂蜜及其活性成分对代谢综合征的缓解作用,综述蜂蜜对代谢综合征作用机理的相关研究进展,旨在为代谢综合征的综合防治和功能性蜂蜜产品的开发提供理论依据。     

蜂蜜活性和功效的研究进展

蜂蜜是我国《药食同源食品目录及新资源食品名单》收录的87种药食同源物品之一。现代研究表明,特定的蜂蜜具有抗菌、抗氧化的活性,并能促进伤口愈合、润肠通便、促进酒精分解,但在治疗糖尿病、抗龋齿等领域的作用则尚有争议。本文通过汇总和分析最新研究进展,对蜂蜜的活性作用、活性成分及作用机制进行综述,为蜂蜜活性的研究及功能性蜂产品的研发提供参考信息。     

如何鉴别真假蜂蜜

蜂蜜是一种营养价值很高的滋补品,富含丰富的蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素、微量元素等多种活性物质。尤其在当前抗击“非典”筑起强身健体的生命防线时,蜂蜜,在人们的现实生活中免疫功能和抗病力作用更是显而易见,为此,近期不少     

玫瑰植物中活性物质及其功效研究进展

随着人们生活水平的提高,对绿色健康食品的需求越来越高,具有特定健康益处的健康食品越来越受到研究者们的关注。玫瑰是一种具有潜在药用价值的药食同源植物,在全世界普遍种植。玫瑰植物含有多种成分,主要包括食用色素、天然染色剂、天然活性物质等,这些活性物质包括多酚、黄酮、多糖、蛋白质、花青素和花色苷等,具有抗菌、降血压、降血糖、降血脂、助睡眠、调节免疫力等多种功能活性。国内外研究者对玫瑰的活性成分及其功能进行了诸多研究。该文主要对玫瑰花、玫瑰果、玫瑰叶、玫瑰根和玫瑰花渣等各部分中的活性成分及其功效研究进行文献综述,以期为玫瑰植物的进一步开发利用提供参考。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the