辽宁省婴幼儿食品中肠集聚性大肠埃希菌的病原学特征及耐药谱研究

目的 对2018—2020年辽宁省婴幼儿食品中致泻大肠埃希菌开展持续监测,了解和掌握本省内致泻大肠埃希菌的病原学特征、药物敏感性特征,为本省致泻大肠埃希菌流行病学研究奠定坚实基础,为可能导致的食源性疾病合理用药提供依据。方法 采集辽宁省共208份婴幼儿食品,分离肠杆菌科细菌,并进行16S rRNA基因测序分析与生化鉴定。对鉴定得到的大肠埃希菌进行毒力基因检测,收集分离的肠集聚性大肠埃希菌（EAEC）进一步进行血清学分型和耐药谱研究。结果 16S rRNA基因测序通过对肠杆菌科进行种鉴定,发现与生化结果一致。其中EAEC的检出率较高,且EAEC的毒力基因pic携带率高。毒力基因分型和血清分型具有一致性。共检测出25株EAEC,其中40%菌株（血清型O134:H9）携带毒力基因pic,28%菌株（血清型O3:H2）同时携带毒力基因aggR和astA,16%菌株（血清型O9:H6）携带毒力基因aggR,16%菌株（血清型O62:H7）携带毒力基因astA。78株大肠埃希菌中EAEC毒力基因的携带率为32.1%。25株EAEC为多重耐药株,主要对β内酰胺类、大环内酯类、喹诺酮类、四环素类抗菌药...     

密云区致泻大肠埃希菌耐药性及耐药基因研究

目的 建立密云地区腹泻患者致泻大肠埃希氏菌的毒力基因及耐药基因数据库.方法 采集腹泻患者粪便样本,通过实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)方法鉴定致泻大肠埃希氏菌并确定毒力基因,采用微量肉汤稀释法确定耐药性,采用普通PCR方法对耐药基因进行检测.结果 2112份粪便样...     

奶牛场采奶环节大肠埃希氏菌分离鉴定及对抗生素和消毒剂的抗性分析

为了解奶牛场采奶过程中大肠埃希氏菌污染状况、菌株所携带毒力基因及其对抗生素和消毒剂抗性.选择成都市某奶牛场随机采集655份样品,对致病性大肠埃希氏菌进行分离鉴定,并检测分离株携带的毒力基因、耐药基因以及抗消毒剂基因,筛选出毒力强菌株,分别检测菌株对抗生素和消毒剂的敏感性.结果 表明,一共分离得到249株大肠埃希氏菌,鉴...     

市售生禽类产品分离大肠埃希氏菌药物敏感分析

目的 生禽类产品中大肠埃希氏菌是细菌中最常见的传染病菌之一,耐药大肠埃希氏菌的生长和繁殖中能通过食物链将耐药性传递给人源致病菌,对人类健康的造成严重影响。方法 本文对市售生禽类产品中大肠埃希氏菌进行分离和鉴定,并通过抗生素最小抑制浓度确定分离菌株药敏谱。结果：从65份样本中分离得到55株大肠埃希氏菌,分离率高达84.46%;药敏结果显示,分离菌对亚胺培南(98.2%)、头孢西丁(92.73%)、头孢他啶(90.9%)、多粘菌素(90.9%)耐药率较高,对四环素最敏感(72.2%)。表型不同的大肠埃希氏菌分为典型菌株(45株)和非典型菌株(10株)药敏谱无显著性差异(P>0.5)。受试菌100%携带3种以上抗生素,有83.6%受试菌同时携带4种高耐药率的抗生素(亚胺培南、头孢西丁、头孢他啶、多粘菌素)。结论 市售生禽类产品中存在非常严重的多重耐药性大肠埃希氏菌污染,本文对大肠埃希氏菌的药性分析,旨在为临床预防治疗提供相应的理论参考。     

2016年江苏省食源性疾病患儿中致泻大肠埃希氏菌毒力基因分布与耐药性特征

目的 了解江苏省食源性疾病患儿中致泻大肠埃希氏菌的流行状况、不同毒力基因型的分布和对抗生素的敏感性特征。方法 从江苏省各设区市的三甲医院共收集3566例食源性疾病患儿的粪便或肛拭子标本进行致泻大肠埃希氏菌检测, 用实时荧光定量PCR进行毒力分型, 用微量肉汤稀释法进行药敏实验。结果 江苏省食源性疾病患儿中, 共检出致泻大肠埃希氏菌104株, 总检出率为2.9%(104/3566)。在5种毒力基因型致泻大肠埃希氏菌中, 肠聚集性大肠埃希氏菌、肠致病性大肠埃希氏菌是主要的毒力基因型, 分别占61.5%(64/104)、26.9%(28/104)。致泻大肠埃希氏菌对氨苄西林耐药率最高, 达71.2%, 其次为四环素和萘啶酸, 分别为59.6%和54.8%。未发现亚胺培南耐药菌株。多重耐药率为75.0%。结论 肠聚集性大肠埃希氏菌是导致江苏省儿童食源性疾病最主要的致泻大肠埃希氏菌。约95%以上的致泻大肠埃希氏菌对头孢他啶、头孢西丁敏感, 100%对亚胺培南敏感。耐药率及多重耐药率高, 应加强致泻大肠埃希氏菌耐药性监测及临床抗生素合理使用。     

广州市蔬菜类凉拌菜中微生物污染状况调查及大肠埃希氏菌耐药现象研究

;目的 了解广州市蔬菜类凉拌菜的微生物污染状况及大肠埃希氏菌耐药情况,为食源性疾病的预防和控制提供科学依据。方法：从广州市的超市、集贸摊点采集300份凉拌菜,依据GB 4789-2016进行微生物检验,用VETIK 对检出的大肠埃希氏菌进行药敏试验,PCR法检测致泻性大肠埃希氏菌毒力基因。结果：300份样品中大肠菌群检出率为41.7%,大肠埃希氏菌检出率为6.7%,金黄色葡萄球菌检出率为2.0%,未检出沙门氏菌。药敏结果显示大肠埃希氏菌对头孢唑啉的抗性最高(40.0%)、其次为氨苄西林(30.0%),对其它受试抗生素不具有耐药性,且无多重耐药菌株。20株大肠埃希氏菌中检出3株致泻大肠埃希氏菌。结论：广州地区蔬菜类凉拌菜中存在较为严重的微生物污染,食源性大肠埃希氏菌具有一定的耐药现象,应加大卫生监督力度,保障食品安全。     

北京市大兴区2018—2020年腹泻病人致泻大肠埃希氏菌检测结果分析

目的 了解北京市大兴区食源性疾病病例中致泻大肠埃希氏菌的感染情况、流行病学和病原学特征及耐药状况,为疾病防控及临床治疗提供依 据。 方法 通过收集三年大兴区辖区定点医院肠道门诊腹泻病人的粪便标本,依照GB4789.6-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 致泻大肠埃希氏菌检验》和WS271-2007《感染性腹泻诊断标准附录B.2 肠致泻性大肠杆菌检验》进行检验,在传统生化分离培养基础上采用实时荧光PCR方法对菌株进行鉴定,并对分离出的菌株做出分析。 结果 三年共检测标本1049件,检出致泻大肠埃希氏菌75株(7.15%),多数基因型别均有检出,肠道集聚性大肠埃希氏菌(EAEC,3.91%)检出率最高,其次为产肠毒素大肠埃希氏菌(ETEC,2.29%),有3株菌为双重菌合并感染,；1~10岁年龄组感染率最高(13.91%),年龄组别有统计学差异,男女感染无显著性差异；药敏试验结果耐药程度差异较大,耐药率最高的抗菌药物为红霉素(100%),其次为氨苄西林(87.1%)。结论 致泻大肠埃希氏菌在腹泻病人中感染率较高,其不同型别致病性、毒力、引起的症状均有不同,临床治疗也有差异,关注致泻大肠埃希氏菌感染情况更多要关注不同基因型别的感染状况,对预防和治疗意义更大。     

基于全基因组测序技术的食品分离致泻大肠埃希菌的分子特征及耐药性研究

目的 了解上海市肉品和水产品中分离致泻大肠埃希菌（DEC）的生物学特征及耐药性,为防控由该菌引起的食源性疾病提供科学依据。方法对食品分离DEC菌株进行全基因组测序及药物敏感性试验,利用BioNumerics软件对全基因组测序数据进行拼接,利用拼接序列开展多位点序列分型、毒力基因和耐药基因分析。结果本研究中56株DEC菌株中肠道聚集性大肠埃希菌（EAEC）占比最高,达73.2%,且以astA基因为主（90.2%）。56株DEC分为37个ST型,显示高度多样性。DEC菌株对喹诺酮类抗生素耐药性较高（64.3%）,其次是对氨基糖苷类、β-内酰胺类抗生素和四环素类抗生素耐药,且多重耐药性菌株占48.2%,耐药基因相应的以喹诺酮类、氨基糖苷类、β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药基因为主,且大多数对抗生素耐药的菌株均携带其相应的耐药基因。结论 EAEC是上海市食品中分离DEC菌株的主要型别,对喹诺酮类、β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类抗生素的耐药率较高,且携带相应的耐药基因,全基因组测序技术可应用于DEC的分子生物学监测中,为疾病预防控制提供科学依据。     

傅立叶变换红外光谱技术对6种致病性大肠埃希氏菌快速分型的研究

目的建立肠致病性大肠埃希氏菌(Enteropathogenic E.coli,EPEC)、肠产毒性大肠埃希氏菌(Enterotoxigenic E.coli,ETEC)、肠侵袭性大肠埃希氏菌(Enteroinvasive E.coli,EIEC)、肠黏附性大肠埃希氏菌(Enteroadhesive E.coli,EAEC)、肠出血性大肠埃希氏菌(Enterohmorrhagic E.coli,EHEC)、弥散粘附性大肠埃希氏菌(Diffusely adherent E.coli,DAEC)6种致病性大肠埃希氏菌的傅立叶变换红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FT-IR)数据库及FT-IR分型方法。方法应用FT-IR技术对6种致病性大肠埃希氏菌进行指纹图谱数据采集并对其进行基线校正、归一化等处理,应用化学计量学方法对光谱数据进行分析。结果本研究建立了6种致病性大肠埃希氏菌的FT-IR光谱数据库,实现了对6种可疑目标大肠埃希氏菌鉴定;建立了主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)和分级聚类分析(hierarchical cluster analysis,HCA)2种模型,成功实现了对6种致病性大肠埃希氏菌的快速分型。结论 FT-IR分析方法快速、简便、易操作,结果重现性好,是一种鉴定6种致病性大肠埃希氏菌的有效方法。     

2019年福建省哨点医院腹泻患者中致泻大肠埃希菌感染状况及病原学特征分析

目的 了解2019年福建省哨点医院腹泻患者中致泻大肠埃希菌(DEC)感染状况、毒力基因携带、分子分型及耐药情况。方法 采集腹泻患者210份粪便标本按照GB 4789.6—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 致泻大肠埃希氏菌检验》方法分离大肠埃希菌后进行荧光聚合酶链式反应(PCR)确认,并对分离出的DEC进行脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分子分型及药敏试验。结果 共检出阳性菌株32株,检出率为15.2%(32/210),其中肠道致病性大肠埃希菌(EPEC)占37.5%(12/32),肠道集聚性大肠埃希菌(EAEC)占37.5%(12/32),产肠毒素大肠埃希菌(ETEC)占25.0%(8/32)。药敏试验结果表明,32株菌对氨苄西林耐药程度最高,耐药率为78.1%(25/32),其次是四环素和甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲噁唑,耐药率分别为62.5%(20/32)和59.4%(19/32)。多重耐药(MDR)率为50.0%(16/32)。PFGE结果表明,32株菌共分为28种PFGE带型,其中12株EPEC共分为10种带型,12株EAEC共分为10种带型,8株ETEC共分为8种带型,其中EPEC聚类分析结果有两组菌株具有100.0%相似带型,EAEC有一组菌株具有100.0%相似带型,ETEC聚类分析没有完全一致的带型。结论 2019年福建省哨点医院腹泻患者DEC感染主要以EPEC、EAEC为主,菌株分型带型存在多样性,菌株耐药状况严重,且存在较高的多重耐药率。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press