基于自适应窗口的裁剪中值滤波方法

基于决策的非对称裁剪中值滤波方法(MDBUTMF)能有效复原被高密度椒盐噪声污染的彩色图像,然而该方法采用固定大小的滤波窗口并利用均值替代中心像素,因此导致算法鲁棒性较低,对部分图像滤波失效.针对该问题,提出了一种基于自适应窗口的裁剪中值滤波方法,通过增加对单色区域的判断,有效解决了已有算法对单色区域滤波失效的问题,使得新方法具有较高的鲁棒性和实用性;并采用自适应窗口解决了MDBUTMF采用单一3× 3窗口易导致滤波效果差的问题.实验数据表明,与经典的多种矢量以及标量的中值滤波方法相比,提出的裁剪中值滤波方法不仅具有较高的PSNR,而且具有较低的MAE和NCD,在抑制椒盐噪声的同时能有效保护图像的色调和细节.     

一种基于排序阈值的开关中值滤波方法

提出了一种基于排序阈值的开关中值滤波方法以克服图像滤波中去噪与细节保护的矛盾。该方法利用滤波窗口内像素点的排序信息，在极值中值滤波方法的基础上，将受脉冲噪声污染图像中的像素点进一步分为噪声点、边缘细节区和平坦区3种类型。通过对多种图像测试的统计结果，获得合适的分类器参数，然后利用类型判决，进行开关中值滤波，即对噪声点和平坦区进行中值滤波以得到良好的噪声滤除效果，而对边缘细节区不做处理以获得良好的细节保护效果。比较了标准中值滤波、极值中值滤波和本方法的结果。实验结果表明，本方法具有更好的效果。     

基于决策分析的高椒盐噪声轮胎痕迹图像滤波方法

决策分析能准确判断出噪声像素与信号像素,均值滤波能较好平滑噪声,而自适应中值滤波能较好地保持原始图像的细节及边缘。为了恢复被高密度椒盐噪声污染的轮胎痕迹图像,提出三者相结合的新算法。该算法结合三者的优点,与传统中值滤波器、自适应中值滤波器等非线性滤波器相比,能得到更好的图像质量。实验表明,算法能有效消除灰度轮胎痕迹图像中的高密度椒盐噪声和彩色轮胎痕迹图像中的中低密度椒盐噪声,较好地保护了图像的细节及边缘信息。     

一种改进的极值均值自适应滤波算法

为了在滤除噪声的同时保持图像细节,提出了一种新型自适应滤波算法。该算法根据图像中的某点是否为邻域极值点,将全部像素分为可疑噪声和信号两类,若中心点属于可疑噪声,将其并入信号类组成一新类,并计算其均值与信号类均值的差值,再通过与阈值比较,确定是否用信号类的中值取代原噪声图像的值。滤波窗口能根据噪声密度自适应改变大小。实验表明,该算法具有良好的滤波性能,尤其在噪声严重时,效果优于其他中值滤波算法。     

基于噪声检测的彩色图象脉冲噪声滤波

文章提出了具有细节保持能力的自适应彩色图像脉冲噪声滤波器,称为细节保持滤波器。新方法对图像中噪声像素进行检测,仅对噪声像素进行有序滤波而对非噪声像素则保持其原值不变,并根据图像噪声情况自适应地选择滤波窗口。从而,有效地滤除随机彩色脉冲噪声、保持图像边缘与细节,其性能优于经典的矢量中值滤波器（ＶＭＦ）、方向一距离滤波器（ＤＤＦ）、距离一幅度矢量滤波器（ＤＭＶＦ）等非线性滤波器。     

一种去除椒盐噪声的自适应极值中值滤波算法

针对椒盐噪声的特点,为了更好地滤除图像中的椒盐噪声同时又能较好地保护图像细节,提出一种自适应极值中值滤波算法。该算法通过对窗口内的非噪声点的检测自适应调整窗口大小,使用Max-Min算子作为噪声检测器,通过设置合理的阈值对灰度值等于极大值或者极小值的窗口中心的像素点进行噪声识别,减小将信号点误判为噪声点的概率,然后将检测出的噪声点用窗口内信号点的中值代替,而信号点保持不变直接输出。同时对超过设定的最大窗口的情况,窗口中心的像素点的灰度值用4个相邻的已处理的像素点灰度值的均值进行替换。实验仿真结果证明了该算法滤除椒盐噪声的有效性,在噪声较大时,去噪效果更明显。     

自适应中值滤波算法滤除医学图像脉冲噪声

实现了一种滤除医学图像脉冲噪声的自适应中值滤波算法,用均方根误差和噪声对原图像的毁坏程度两个客观评价指标对该算法及传统均值、中值滤波方法进行了比较与评价。根据设定条件检测滤波窗口中心像素是否为脉冲噪声,采取滤波窗口自适应的算法来滤除脉冲噪声,去除了传统中值滤波对所有像素均用中值代替的弊端,减少了不必要的图像细节损失。基于MATLAB的仿真实验表明,对于较大密度的脉冲噪声,该算法在有效抑制噪声的同时,能较好地保护边缘和细节信息。该算法已应用于虚拟内窥镜系统中,取得了令人满意的效果。     

基于差分分层噪声检测的开关中值滤波算法

为了精确地检测出图像中的脉冲噪声并滤除,提出了一种差分分层噪声检测的开关中值滤波算法。该算法对噪声检测窗口内像素点按灰度值大小排序,通过差分方法划分出高、低阶噪声块和信号块3部分。当待测像素点属于信号块时视其为信号点;否则,视其为可能噪声点。利用可能噪声点与信号块中与其灰度值最临近的信号点的灰度的差定义了梯度函数,在梯度函数的基础上定义了用于对可能噪声点进行二次检测的模糊隶属函数,对滤波方法进行模糊加权,得到一种加权滤波方法。实验结果证明了该算法对脉冲噪声有很强的抑制作用。     

改进的自适应中值滤波算法

自适应中值滤波算法能有效地滤除图像的脉冲噪声,但是,随着噪声密度的增大,算法的滤波性能递减.当前对中值滤波算法进行改进的算法,也存在着相应的局限性.针对中值滤波算法的局限性,提出了改进的自适应中值滤波算法.算法根据滤波窗口的灰度极值进行噪声检测.对噪声点,用滤波窗口的灰度中值代替.如果中值为噪声点,则自适应地增大滤波窗口以取新的中值.如果窗口增大到允许的最大尺寸时,中值依然为噪声点,则取滤波窗口中除灰度极值外的其他像素的灰度均值.对标准图像和医学图像进行仿真实验,实验结果和数据证明,随着噪声密度的增大,标准的自适应中值滤波算法的滤波性能递减;改进的自适应中值滤波算法的滤波性能依然良好,在有效滤除噪声的同时,很好地保持图像的边缘和细节部分.     

A weighted mean filter with spatial-bias elimination for impulse noise removal

In this paper, we propose Unbiased Weighted Mean Filter (UWMF) for removing high-density impulse noise. Asymmetric distribution of corrupted pixels in the filtering window creates a spatial-bias towards the center of uncorrupted pixels. UWMF eliminates this bias by recalibrating the contribution factor (weight) of each uncorrupted pixel in such a way that the center shifts back to the center of the filtering window. The restoration process involves three sequential operations while convolving a filtering window over a contaminated image. Noise is detected, weights are recalibrated and the new intensity value is replaced by weighted mean using the recalibrated weights. Compared to the state-of-the-art impulse noise removal methods, UWMF provides superior performance, without requiring a fine-tuning for its parameters, in terms of both objective measurements and subjective assessments.     

一种新型的自适应模糊中值滤波算法

针对传统中值滤波算法不能很好地保护图像细节以及受严重噪声污染时性能急剧下降的情况,提出了一种新型的自适应模糊中值滤波算法。通过比较滤波窗口内像素点的灰度值与像素点灰度值的均值定义了模糊滤波系数,利用此模糊滤波系数对滤波方法进行加权,得到一种加权中值滤波器。通过对小窗口内的灰度值不等于最大灰度值和最小灰度值的像素点的检测自适应调整窗口大小,对超过设定的最大窗口的情况,噪声点的灰度值用四个相邻的已处理的像素点灰度值的均值进行替换。仿真结果表明,新算法具有较好的细节保护能力和较强的去除噪声能力。     

A new cluster based adaptive fuzzy switching median filter for impulse noise removal

A new clustering technique based on most allied directional neighbors is proposed to suppress low and high-density impulse noise from digital images. Most allied neighbors exhibit a vital role in estimation as well restoration of appropriate gray level value of corrupted pixels. In first phase, most allied directional neighbors, i.e., pixels directly attached to central pixel and the directional pixels (horizontal, vertical and two diagonal directions) next to attached pixels in the processing window are partitioned into two equal size clusters based on gradient values. Cluster with a minimum sum of gradient values (most similar neighbors) and the one with relatively large gradient values are passed to fuzzy inference system to infer the current pixel to be noisy-free, edge or a noisy. In second phase, a switching technique opts one of the three options depending upon fuzzy membership degrees and local information to restore the corrupted pixel value. A non-parametric approach based on local information for dynamic threshold setting using fuzzy logic makes the proposed filter computationally effective and adaptive to process a large number of images without user-defined parameters. The proposed algorithm is simple to implement and simulation results based on well know quantitative measures indicate the supremacy of the proposed filter for random-valued impulse noise as well as salt and peppers noise.     

Adaptive two-pass median filter based on support vector machines for image restoration

In this letter, a novel adaptive filter, the adaptive two-pass median (ATM) filter based on support vector machines (SVMs), is proposed to preserve more image details while effectively suppressing impulse noise for image restoration. The proposed filter is composed of a noise decision maker and two-pass median filters. Our new approach basically uses an SVM impulse detector to judge whether the input pixel is noise. If a pixel is detected as a corrupted pixel, the noise-free reduction median filter will be triggered to replace it. Otherwise, it remains unchanged. Then, to improve the quality of the restored image, a decision impulse filter is put to work in the second-pass filtering procedure. As for the noise suppressing both fixed-valued and random-valued impulses without degrading the quality of the fine details, the results of our extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed filter outperforms earlier median-based filters in the literature. Our new filter also provides excellent robustness at various percentages of impulse noise.     

Multiclass SVM based adaptive filter for removal of high density impulse noise from color images

This paper proposes a multiclass support vector machine (SVM) based adaptive filter for removal of impulse noise from color images. The quality of the image gets degraded due to the presence of impulse noise. As a result, the homogeneity amongst the pixels gets distorted that needs to be restored. The feature set comprising of prediction error, difference between the median value and the center pixel; the median value in the kernel under operation has been used during this study. The pixel of test image is processed using adaptive window based filter that depends on the associated class assigned at the testing phase. The baseline system has been designed using modified histogram based fuzzy color filter (MHFC) technique. Four set of experiments have been carried out on a large database to validate the proposed method. The performance of the technique have been evaluated using peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index measure (SSIM). The results suggest that for fixed valued impulse noise, the proposed filter performs better than the MHFC in case of high density impulse noise (>45%). However, for random valued impulse noise the proposed filter outperforms the MHFC based method for both low and high density of noise. The objective analysis suggests that there is ∼3 dB improvement in PSNR as compared to the MHFC based method for high density of impulse noise. The results of SSIM along with visual observations indicate that the image details are maintained significantly in the proposed technique as compared to existing methods.     

基于邻域信息的自适应中值滤波算法

针对图像中普遍存在的脉冲噪声,提出了一种自适应中值滤波算法,该算法在有效去除噪声的前提下能够保留更多的图像细节。首先,根据脉冲噪声灰度值为0或1的特点初步区分图像中的噪声点和信号点;其次,在每一个可疑噪声点周围取一定大小的邻域,通过判断该可疑噪声点与邻域内其他像素点之间相关性的大小进一步判断该点是否为真正噪声点,若为真正噪声点则利用邻域内所有可靠像素点的中值代替,否则输出原信号点。利用可见光及红外图像将所提算法与几种算法（如传统中值滤波算法、极值中值滤波算法,等）进行比较,实验结果表明该方法能够获得最高的峰值信噪比,去噪效果最佳。     

A novel adaptive SVR based filter ASBF for image restoration

In this paper, a novel adaptive filter ASBF based on support vector regression (SVR) is proposed to preserve more image details and efficiently suppress impulse noise simultaneously. The main idea of the novel filter ASBF here is to employ a SVR based impulse detector to judge whether an input pixel is contaminated or not by impulse noise. If this case happens, a median filter is employed to remove the corresponding impulse noise. This judgment procedure is executed by regressing the filter window of an input pixel using SVR and then judging the input pixel by its regression distance. Huber loss function is used in SVR regression, due to its excellent robustness capability. The distinctive advantage of the filter ASBF over the latest Support Vector Classifier (SVC) based filter is that no training for the original noise-free image is required in our approach, which is well in accordance with our visual judgment way. Experimental results for benchmark images demonstrate that our filter ASBF here outperforms the extensively-used median-based filters and the SVC based filter.     

基于四分法噪声检测的开关中值滤波算法

为了精确的检测出图像中的脉冲噪声并滤除,提出一种差分四分法的开关中值滤波算法.该算法对噪声检测窗口内像素按灰度值大小排序,通过差分方法划分出高、低阶信号块和高,低阶噪声块4部分.当待测像素属于高,低阶信号块时视其为信号点,否则,根据噪声块与信号块内像素比例关系确定其为噪声点或可能噪声点,若为可能噪声点,则扩展检测窗口重新检测.对于噪声点,基于其邻域噪声密度自适应的确定滤波窗口,取滤窗内信号点的中值作为滤波输出.实验证明该算法对脉冲噪声有很强的抑制作用.     

基于噪声检测和动态窗口的图像去噪算法

针对中值滤波算法在去除脉冲噪声时易造成图像细节丢失的问题,提出了一种基 于噪声检测和动态窗口的自适应滤波方法。首先借鉴 BDND 方法,将图像的像素初分成信号点 和疑似噪声点,以减少需要处理的像素点;然后设计一种窗口自适应的噪声检测方法对疑似噪 声点进一步检测,判断其是真噪声点还是细节点,以加强图像细节信息的保护;最后通过改进 的自适应中值滤波器滤除检测出的噪声,并融入窗口自适应控制,窗口的大小可以根据噪声情 况自适应地调整,在去除噪声的同时尽可能地保护图像细节。实验表明,该算法在噪声处理和 细节保护上要优于其他典型算法,能有效地提高图像的峰值信噪比,对于高密度噪声的图像, 也可以获得较好的去噪效果。     

基于局部能量的改进开关中值滤波

针对脉冲噪声感染的图像,借鉴开关滤波的思想,提出了一种新的改进算法。该算法通过分析Max-min噪声检测算子的图像灰度局部极值点的误判缺陷,在极值检测的基础上,增加了由局部能量信息为判别依据的第二级噪声检测过程,实现了对噪声的精确检测。同时,在去除噪声时只利用信号点参与中值滤波,并让噪声点逐步转化为信号点,减少了噪声在邻域的传播。实验表明,该算法对脉冲噪声具有很好的噪声滤除和细节保护能力,与传统中值滤波及其他开关滤波算法相比,该算法具有更优的滤波性能,即使是在噪声密度较高的情况下,也能取得令人满意的效果。     

A robust neuro-fuzzy network approach to impulse noise filtering for color images

Based on an integration of a simple impulse detector and a robust neuro-fuzzy (RNF) network, an effective impulse noise filter for color images is presented. It consists of two modes of operation, namely, training and testing (filtering). During training, the impulse detector is used to locate the noisy pixels in the color images for optimizing the RNF network. During testing, if a pixel is detected as a corrupted one according to the impulse detector, the trained RNF network will be triggered to output a new pixel to replace it. The proposed impulse noise filter is distinguished by two properties. The first is the use of a simple impulse detector, which is efficient and yet effective in detecting the noisy pixels in color images. The other is the use of a novel membership function in the design of the adaptive RNF network, making the network robust to impulse noise. As demonstrated by the experimental results, the proposed filter not only has the abilities of noise attenuation and details preservation but also possesses desirable robustness and adaptive capabilities. It outperforms other conventional multichannel filters.