A NEW METHOD TO PREDICT THE PRECIPITATION OF σ—PHASE IN NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOYS——THERMODYNAMICS EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATION

采用热力学平衡计算方法作出Ni-Cr-Mo 三元相图,并据此对实际Ni 基高温合金进行了σ相的析出预测。通过与Inconel_(713)C 合金的试验结果对比,证明此法可以用于不含Co 的Ni 基高温合金的σ相控制。     

Ni基高温合金中预测σ相的新方法——热力学平衡计算法

采用热力学平衡计算方法作出 Ni-Cr-Mo 三元相图,并据此对实际 Ni 基高温合金进行了σ相的析出预测。通过与 Inconel_(713)C 合金的试验结果对比,证明此法可以用于不含 Co 的 Ni 基高温合金的σ相控制。     

GH586高温合金析出相的热力学模拟计算

利用热力学计算软件Thermo—Calc与相应的Ni基高温合金数据库，从热力学角度通过计算最小吉布斯自由能，得到GH586合金可能析出的平衡相，并预测化学成分对析出相的影响，分析各相的析出规律，为挖掘合金组织潜力和改善合金使用性能提供理论依据。     

发展高稳定性718合金的热力学模拟计算

利用Thermo-Calc热力学计算软件和与之相应的镍基高温合会数据库,计算了碳、铝、钛、铌和钨成分改变时对718合金中平衡相的析出规律影响,并预测了平衡相的化学成分,以期为发展高稳定性718合金提供理论依据.     

超超临界电站用镍铁基高温合金TCP相和碳化物相析出的热力学计算

利用材料相图与性能模拟计算软件JMatPro,研究了难熔元素W,Mo,Nb和Fe含量的变化对一种新型镍铁基高温合金拓扑密排相(TCP)和碳化物相析出及高温性能的影响。结果表明:新型镍铁基高温合金晶内强化相为γ′相,晶界为M23C6碳化物;在合金中添加Mo,W,Nb均可提高合金的持久强度和屈服强度;增加合金中Mo,Nb,Fe的含量会提高Laves相和σ相的析出温度;为避免在长期服役过程中合金析出较多的TCP相,在合金中添加不超过0.6%(质量分数,下同)的Nb或不超过1%的Mo和W,以使TCP相的析出温度尽可能低于使役温度。     

Ru对镍基单晶高温合金凝固特性、TCP相析出及蠕变性能影响的研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

镍基单晶高温合金因优异的高温力学性能而被广泛应用于航空发动机和地面燃气轮机的涡轮叶片等关键热端部件。Ru元素作为第四代、第五代镍基单晶高温合金的主要特征元素,其添加对合金从凝固特性到最终的服役性能都起到关键的影响。本文从镍基单晶高温合金的凝固特性、凝固组织、TCP相析出及蠕变性能等方面出发,综述了Ru元素对镍基单晶高温合金影响的研究进展,系统分析了Ru的添加对合金凝固路径、凝固特征温度、微观偏析等凝固特性及共晶、碳化物等凝固组织的影响规律,并重点探究了Ru的添加能抑制TCP相析出及提高合金蠕变性能的原因。目前由于多组元交互作用对组织与性能影响机理的复杂性,使得含Ru高温合金的成分设计与优化具有更高的挑战,建议未来含Ru高温合金的相关研究从富Ru新相的析出原因及抑制、Ru添加对凝固缺陷的影响及Ru与其他元素交互作用对“逆分配”效应及TCP相析出的影响机制等方面做进一步探究,为发展新型高性能含Ru高温合金的设计提供思路。     

凝固速度对Ni/Ni3Al基高温合金组织演变及相变行为的影响

Ni/Ni3Al基高温合金因其优异的高温强度、抗氧化性能和抗蠕变能力等优点,被广泛应用于航空航天等领域.简要介绍了凝固速度对Ni/Ni3Al基高温合金中γ′,β相以及碳化物等析出相的组织演变及相变行为的影响,为Ni/Ni3Al基高温合金非平衡凝固的研究开发及组织调控提供借鉴和指导.Ni/Ni3Al基高温合金中γ′,β ...     

晶界相对高温合金中高温塑性的影响

采用晶界萃取碳复型技术研究了不同强化程度的铁基、镍基高温合金晶界析出相随成分和晶粒度的变化规律及其对中高温塑性的影响。结果表明：合金的中高温拉伸塑性的高低主要取决于晶界析出相的种类、形貌、密度和分布等因素；随晶粒长大合金中高温塑性降低的主要原因是晶界相的析出量增多、分布密度增大而使之脆化所致。单纯晶粒几何尺寸的变化对拉伸塑性影响不明显。     

晶界相对高温合金中高温塑性的影响

采用晶界萃取碳复型技术研究了不同强化强度的铁基，镍基高温合金晶界析出相随成分和晶粒度的变化规律及其对中高温塑性的影响，结果表明，合金的中高温拉伸塑性的高低主要取决于晶界析出相的种，形貌，密度和分布等因素，随晶粒长大合金中高温塑性降低的主要原因是晶界相的析出量增多、分布密度增大而使之脆化所致，单纯晶粒几何尺寸的变化对拉伸塑性影响不明显。     

超超临界锅炉过热器管材的高温组织稳定性及其改进研究

采用高温长期时效的方法研究了一种在700℃/375bar蒸气参数条件下作为过热器管材使用的镍基高温合金的组织稳定性,得出合金的组织不稳定性主要体现在γ′的粗化、り相的形成和晶界G相的析出.进而采用Thermo-Calc理论计算和分析,提出了通过调整Al、Ti和Si含量来改善组织稳定性的方法.     

镍基高温合金焊接修复技术的研究进展

镍基高温合金具有良好的高温抗氧化和抗腐蚀能力,较高的高温强度、蠕变强度和持久强度,以及良好的抗疲劳性能,广泛地用于制造航空发动机和各种工业燃气轮机的热端部件。热端部件在服役过程中由于受磨损、冲击、高温燃气和冷热疲劳等综合作用,易产生热裂纹,致使零件报废。因此,镍基高温合金部件的先进修复技术有着非常广阔的应用前景。文章针对高温合金修复问题进行论述,着重阐述焊接方法在修复技术中的研究进展,主要涉及激光焊、钎焊、摩擦焊和瞬时液相扩散焊等方法。     

激光冲击处理后Ni基高温合金的性能

对Ni基高温合金进行了激光冲击强化处理,测量了处理后Ni基高温合金的残余应力、表面粗糙度分布规律和疲劳强度．结果表明,激光冲击处理后凹坑内残余压应力值为200—400MPa,其分布服从泊松正态分布规律;承载能力比未冲击试样提高大约150MPa;激光冲击区的粗糙度降低一个等级,凹坑内粗糙度数值分布也服从正态分布规律．激光冲击处理后表面出现了组织细化的硬化层,强化效果明显,残余压应力有极大的提高,有效地提高了抗疲劳寿命．     

Constitutive models for high-temperature flow behaviors of a Ni-based superalloy

The high-temperature deformation behaviors of a typical Ni-based superalloy are investigated by hot compression tests under the strain rate of 0.001–1 s⁻¹and temperature of 920–1040 °C. The experimental results show that the deformation behaviors of the studied superalloy are significantly affected by the deformation temperature, strain rate and strain. The flow stress increases with the increase of strain rate or the decrease of deformation temperature. The flow stress firstly increases with the strain to a peak value, showing the obvious work hardening behaviors. Then, the stress decreases with the further straining, indicating the dynamic flow softening behaviors. Considering the coupled effects of deformation temperature, strain rate and strain on the hot deformation behaviors of the studied Ni-based superalloy, the phenomenological constitutive models are established to describe the work hardening-dynamic recovery and dynamic softening behaviors. In the established models, the material constants are expressed as functions of the Zener–Hollomon parameter. The established constitutive models can give good correlations with the experimental results, which confirm an accurate and precise estimation of the flow stress for the studied Ni-based superalloy.     

Unravelling the metal borides evolution in the transient liquid phase bonding of Ni-based alloys via high-throughput transmission electron microscopy and first-principles thermo-kinetic calculations

The understanding of temperature and time-dependent metal borides precipitation/dissolution is cru-cial for the design of the transient liquid phase(TLP)bonding process of Ni-based alloys.It however remains elusive despite substantial research efforts for many years mainly owing to the uncertainty on the precipitated metal borides and the complex thermo-kinetics in the process.In this paper,we have unambiguously constructed the micro/nanoscale map of the precipitated metal borides in the TLP bonded Ni-based Inconel 718 superalloy via a high-throughput transmission electron microscopy(TEM)analy-sis.Five types of metal borides were found to precipitate in the diffusion affected zone(DAZ)when the isothermal solidification is completed.They are the M5B3 with stacking faults,Ti-rich M3B4,and Nb-rich M3B4 at the grain boundaries as well as single-crystalline M5B3 and M3B2 inside the grains.Notably,the crystal structure of the faulted M5B3 was rationalized by a hybrid modelling approach integrating first-principles calculation and TEM experiments.The sublattice model,with the optimized thermodynamic model parameters,was used to reproduce the metal borides precipitation map in the TLP process using DICTRA software.Coupling with multiscale simulation and experimental data,the present work built a modified thermo-kinetic model,which enables the design of the TLP bonding process of Ni-based alloys that often involves complicated time-temperature schedules and the precipitation/dissolution of a vari-ety of different phases.The strategy can be applied to the design of the brazing process of other alloys or hvbrid materials such as ceramics and metal.     

高温镍基单晶合金NiCoCrAlYTa涂层的抗热腐蚀性能

以往,对高温镍基单晶合金上采用低压等离子喷涂制备的NiCoCrAlYTa涂层的热腐蚀性能研究较少.为此,采用低压等离子方法在镍基高温单晶合金上制备了NiCoCrAlYTa涂层,采用涂盐法研究了Na2SO4对试样在1 123 K空气中热腐蚀的影响,同时分析了NiCoCrAlYTa涂层的形貌及结构.结果表明:高温镍基单晶合金遭受了严重的热腐蚀,出现了内硫化和内氧化;NiCoCrAlYTa涂层由于表面生成了致密、保护性的Al2O3膜,以及涂层中Cr和Ta元素的作用而表现出优异的抗热腐蚀性能.结果证实,NiCoCrAlYTa涂层可以很好地提高单晶合金的抗热腐蚀性能.     

Estimation of creep crack growth rate in IN-100 based on the Q* parameter concept

Since the high-strength Ni-based superalloy, cast IN-100, is considered to be brittle at high temperatures, the stable creep crack growth region is limited. Therefore, technically, it is very difficult to perform creep tests and there are few experimental results on the creep crack growth behaviour of this material. We performed creep crack growth tests using Ni-based superalloy, cast IN-100, and derived the Q* parameter for this material, which characterizes the creep crack growth rate. Using this Q* parameter, we derived a law for the creep rupture life of this material.     

Development of processing maps for a Ni-based superalloy

The hot deformation characteristics of a Ni-based superalloy were studied in the temperature range 1050–1180 °C and strain rate range 0.01–10 s^− 1 using hot compression tests. Processing maps for hot working were developed on the basis of the variations of efficiency of power dissipation with temperature and strain rate, interpreted using a dynamic materials model. A hot deformation equation is given to characterize the dependence of peak stress on the temperature and strain rate. A hot deformation apparent activation energy of the Ni-based superalloy is about 496 kJ/mol. The processing maps of the Ni-based superalloy obtained in a strain range of 0.1–0.7 are essentially similar, which indicates that strain does not have a significant influence. The maps exhibit a clear domain with its peak efficiency at about 1140 °C and 0.01 s^− 1; the domain has its peak efficiency of about 36–41% for different strains. On the basis of hot deformation microstructural observations, the full recrystallization region can be identified in the processing map at a strain of 0.7.     

微量Hf对大角度晶界含Re双晶合金高温持久性能的影响

采用籽晶法制备含有大角度晶界(约20°)的双晶试板,通过分析不同Hf含量(质量分数:0%,0.4%)的含Re合金晶界处析出相、γ/γ′组织、晶界成分及1100℃/100MPa横向持久性能,研究Hf对晶界组织及高温力学性能的影响。结果表明:Hf显著提高了铸态合金大角度晶界处共晶和碳化物体积分数;热处理后,Hf显著抑制了晶界胞状再结晶组织的形成,含Hf合金的1100℃/100MPa横向持久寿命均显著提高。晶界持久性能与晶界析出相种类、形貌、含量和成分密切相关,而Hf元素在晶界未发现显著的偏聚。本研究对先进镍基单晶合金中晶界缺陷的评价及Hf元素晶界强化作用机制的认识具有一定的指导意义。     

Research on Debonding Defects in Thermal Barrier Coatings Structure by Thermal-Wave Radar Imaging (TWRI)

In this paper, thermal-wave radar imaging (TWRI) is introduced to detect debonding defects in SiC-coated Ni-based superalloy plates. Linear frequency modulation signal (chirp) is used as the excitation signal which has a large time–bandwidth product. Artificial debonding defects in SiC coating are excited by the laser beam with the light intensity modulated by a chirp signal. Cross-correlation algorithm and chirp lock-in algorithm are introduced to extract the thermal-wave signal characteristic. The comparative experiment between TWRI reflection mode and transmission mode was carried out. Experiments are conducted to investigate the influence of laser power density, chirp period, and excitation frequency. Experimental results illustrate that chirp lock-in phase has a better detection capability than other characteristic parameters. TWRI can effectively detect simulated debonding defects of SiC-coated Ni-based superalloy plates.     

EBPVD制备ODS Ni基高温合金抗氧化性能研究

采用电子束物理气相沉积技术制备了微晶氧化物弥散增强Ni基高温合金,并研究了该合金的高温氧化行为.通过最小二乘拟合得到的合金氧化动力学模型近似遵循4次方规律,并在高温氧化过程中,合金能够生成单一的Al2O3氧化膜,而且氧化膜的粘附性好,不易脱落.稀土氧化物的添加可明显地改善合金的抗高温氧化性能,提高氧化膜的粘附性.