深色平绒织物活性冷轧堆染色

采用Remazol RGB系列活性染料对平绒织物进行冷轧堆深色染色.探讨了碱剂用量、堆置温度、堆置时间和轧余率对染色牢度、K/S值和匀染性的影响.结果表明,平绒织物冷轧堆深色染色的优化工艺为:烧碱与硅酸钠的混合碱剂(烧碱15 g/L、硅酸钠70g/L),堆置时间12 h,堆置温度20℃,轧余率80％.采用该工艺染色的织物固色率高,匀染性好,各项色牢度优良.     

亚麻织物的活性染料冷轧堆染色工艺

采用丽华实活性染料对亚麻织物进行冷轧堆染色，并对染色工艺进行探讨。在对染料固色率的影响因素（碱剂用量、堆置时间、堆置温度、促染剂用量、轧余率）进行单一分析的基础上，应用正交试验确定了亚麻织物活性染料冷轧堆染色的优化工艺，即染料用量5g／L、尿素60g／L、纯碱20g／L、烧碱10mL／L、NaCl40g／L、轧余率80％，堆置温度25℃，时间4．5h。     

活性冷轧堆染色的染料和工艺优选

纯棉机织物冷轧堆染色早有应用,但仍缺少染料与工艺选择较明确的理论指导。通过研究活性染料类型、碱剂种类和堆置时间对纯棉机织物冷轧堆染色的影响,重点分析不同碱剂和堆置时间对活性黄3RS、汽巴克隆红C-2BL、青RGB和海军蓝BES等4种不同类型活性染料染色色深和固色率的影响,给出的最佳染色工艺为:活性黄3RS和汽巴克隆红C-2BL以纯碱40 g/L为碱剂,堆置时间分别为15 h和10 h;RGB青和BES海军蓝则采用烧碱4 g/L和纯碱40 g/L混合碱剂,堆置15 h。     

蚕丝织物活性染料冷轧堆染色工艺的优化

 在分析研究固色速率与固色碱剂、堆置温度、中性盐、分散剂等因素之间关系的基础上,探讨了乙烯砜和混合双活性基活性染料蚕丝织物冷轧堆染色的优化工艺条件。结果表明：采用纯碱和烧碱组成的混合碱剂,Na2CO3　20g/L,NaOH 1～5g/L,NaCl 0～20 g/L,分散剂0～1g/L,在25～30℃堆置8～12小时,并根据染料类型控制适当的工艺条件可使蚕丝织物冷轧堆染色获得较满意的实际应用效果。     

纯棉针织物冷轧堆染色工艺研究

介绍了冷轧堆染色的工艺流程和工艺处方,测试了所选德凯素活性染料三原色的性能,分析并阐述了碱剂种类及用量、尿素用量、盐用量、堆置温度和时间对织物K/S值的影响,并测试了处理后织物的色牢度及匀染性。结果表明,徳凯素活性染料三原色基本符合冷轧堆染色要求,其冷轧堆染针织罗纹布的最佳工艺条件为:采用纯碱与烧碱的混合碱剂(纯碱30g/L、烧碱6g/L),尿素20g/L,堆置时间16h,堆置温度为30℃,氯化钠用量为30g/L左右,轧余率控制在80%。     

代用碱在亚麻织物活性染料冷轧堆染色中的应用

对代用碱在亚麻织物活性染料冷轧堆染色工艺中的应用进行了试验,探讨了堆置时间、轧余率、代用碱用量、NaCl用量等因素对亚麻织物活性染料冷轧堆染色效果的影响,确定了亚麻织物活性染料冷轧堆染色的优化工艺:代碱剂0.9 g/L,轧余率80%,NaCl 20 g/L,堆置时间10 h.     

棉织物冷轧堆染色工艺条件分析及其实践

对棉织物冷轧堆染色时染料用染、碱剂用量、被染半成品的温度、导布张力、浸轧染液用水、堆置时间等工艺条件进行了分析,并对M型活性染料冷轧堆染色工艺进行了实验,分析了M型活性染料冷轧堆染色碱剂浓度、食盐浓度、堆置时间、堆置温度等工艺条件对织物固色率的影响。控制好冷轧堆染色的工艺,对于纯棉织物,固色率可达90%左右。     

蚕丝/棉复合丝织物冷轧堆染色工艺探讨

基于对纯棉机织物与真丝织物活性染料冷轧堆染色工艺的大量实践与深入研究,将冷轧堆染色工艺应用于蚕丝/棉复合丝织物上,试验结果肯定了该应用的可行性。在此基础上进一步探讨了试验用活性染料类型、固色碱剂种类、固色碱剂质量浓度及堆置时间对染色效果的影响,从而确定了适宜的染色工艺条件。通过试验得到适用于各染料的最佳工艺为:活性黄3RS、海军蓝BES所用碱剂均为碳酸钠40 g/L,堆置时间15 h;汽巴克隆红C-2BL用碳酸钠40 g/L+硅酸钠40 g/L,堆置时间10 h。     

棉粘交织纬弹双层织物的染整工艺

根据棉粘交织纬弹双层织物的结构特性，探讨织物在翻缝、碱氧一浴冷轧堆、高效水洗、烧毛、复洗、高温预定形、染色和柔软拉幅等各加工工序的工艺条件及具体注意事项，并提出了防止皱条的措施。其工艺条件为：缝头针适宜24～25针／10cm；碱氧一浴冷轧堆练漂烧碱用量45～50g／L，双氧水用量18～20g／L，轧余率80％～90％，室温堆置20h；染色宜选用比移值差小于0．2的染料进行拼色，柔软拉幅温度180～185℃，车速30～35m／min。     

纯棉针织物的活性冷轧堆染色

采用活性染料雅格素CBM对纯棉针织物进行冷轧堆染色,分析了碱剂、尿素、元明粉、堆置温度和时间对棉针织物染色深度的影响,测试了染色织物的色牢度.活性染料雅格素CBM三原色冷堆法染色棉针织物的优化工艺条件为:50 g/L纯碱与6 g/L烧碱组成混合碱剂,尿素20 g/L,元明粉40 g/L,轧余率80％左右,35℃堆置20h;染色后,织物的干摩擦牢度达到4～5级,湿摩擦牢度4级,皂洗牢度4～5级.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press