聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料的制备及其性能研究

通过强碱球磨方法对多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)进行了改性处理,并对其化学结构和微观形态进行了分析.采用溶液共混法制备了聚氨酯(PUR)/MWCNTs复合材料.利用扫描电子显微镜、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪对其进行了表征.探讨了MWCNTs对PUR/MWCNTs复合材料力学性能、热稳定性以及电导率的影响.结果表明,MWCNTs...     

聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料的制备及表征

采用原位聚合法制备了聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料,并利用扫描电子显微镜、傅立叶红外光谱仪对其进行了表征,同时探讨了碳纳米管对复合材料力学性能、热稳定性、弹性回复率及导电性能的影响.结果表明,经过酸处理的碳纳米管参与了聚合反应,并在基体中获得了较好的分散,同时力学性能、热稳定性及导电性都有明显的提高,而弹性回复率没有受到很大的影响.     

丙烯酸酯类聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料的制备和性能研究

以异佛尔酮-二异氰酸酯、聚乙二醇和甲基丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯合成的丙烯酸酯类聚氨酯预聚体为基体,添加改性碳纳米管,制备聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料。研究了碳纳米管的含量对复合材料的力学性能、热学性能和导电性能的影响。结果表明,当碳纳米管质量分数为0.4%时,复合材料的断裂伸长率提高了13%,冲击强度提高了20%,体积电阻率下降了5个数量级,而对热学性能基本没有影响。     

溶液共混法制备聚氨酯／碳纳米管复合材料及其性能

 通过强酸处理方法对碳纳米管进行改性处理并对其结构和分散稳定性进行分析。采用溶液共混法制备了聚氨 酯/碳纳米管复合材料,利用FTIR对其结构进行了分析,探讨了碳纳米管对复合材料力学性能、热稳定性能以及弹 性回复率的影响。结果表明,碳纳米管经酸处理后添加了羧酸活性基团,提高了其在溶剂中的分散性|在复合材料 中,碳纳米管以较强氢键与大分子连接,复合材料的力学性能和热稳定性能都有所提高,而弹性回复率没有受到很 大影响。     

聚氨酯／碳纳米管复合材料的研究进展

近年来,利用碳纳米管制备聚氨酯复合材料引起人们的高度重视。本文对聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料的研究进展状况进行综述。概述了聚氨酯和碳纳米管的性质以及碳纳米管的改性处理方法;介绍了聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料的制备方法,包括物理共混法和原位聚合法;讨论了碳纳米管对复合材料力学性能、电学性能、光学性能以及其他性能的影响。结果表明,碳纳米管的加入使得复合材料在上述性能方面都有不同程度的改善。最后探讨了该研究领域存在的问题及今后可能的发展方向。     

碳纳米管/聚氨酯功能复合材料的制备与应用

介绍了碳纳米管的处理、碳纳米管/聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法：碳纳米管的处理方法有表面处理改性和局部活化改性2种; 碳纳米管/聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法有物理共混法和原位聚合法。结合碳纳米管和聚氨酯的特性,综述了碳纳米管/聚氨酯复合材料在力学性能的增强、电子材料、智能材料、生物医学材料和节能材料等方面的应用,并对CNTs/PU复合材料未来的研究工作提出了几点意见。     

CF/CNTs多尺度混杂填充PA6复合材料性能研究

以碳纤维/碳纳米管(CF/CNTs)多尺度混杂填充聚酰胺6(PA6)复合材料为研究对象,采用不同的方法处理CNTs,并考察了对应复合材料的力学性能、导电性能和导热性能。结果表明:CNTs经过表面化学镀镍处理后,明显改善了CF与基体界面间的结合强度和相容性。表面镀镍处理的碳纳米管(CNTs-Ni)吸附在CF表面,不仅可促进CF与基体间形成"钉扎效应",从而提高了复合材料的力学性能,还在CF与PA6基体间形成了导热桥路和导电网络,使材料的电阻率和界面热阻有所下降;CF和CNTs混杂填充基体树脂对复合材料的力学性能、导热性能及导电性能有着良好的协同增效作用;CNTs-Ni可明显改善CF增强复合材料的导热性能和导电性能。     

改性碳纳米管增强热塑性聚氨酯复合材料的性能研究

以碳纳米管（CNTs）和热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）为原料,通过硫酸（H₂SO₄）/硝酸（HNO₃）混合溶液处理碳纳米管颗粒表面以达到改性的效果,使用改性过后的碳纳米管熔融共混制备出TPU/CNTs复合材料。研究了不同含量的CNTs对TPU基体的流变、力学、耐磨性以及热性能的影响。结果表明, 改性过后的CNTs在TPU基体中形成了良好的分散性和相容性;TPU/CNTs复合材料在高频剪切下保留了复合材料的加工流动性,并且复合材料的拉伸强度以及耐磨性相较于TPU有明显的增强,其中在改性碳纳米管含量较低时,复合材料的力学性能改善较为明显;改性CNTs的加入提高了TPU基体的熔融温度和结晶度;改性CNTs的加入提高了复合材料的热降解温度,提高了TPU基体的热稳定性。     

喷雾干燥法制备聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料的结构与性能

通过喷雾干燥法制备了聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料。扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察结果表明,碳纳米管在聚氨酯基体中分散较好。X-射线衍射测试表明,碳纳米管对复合材料的微相结构影响较小。随着碳纳米管用量的增加,动态力学性能测试表明复合材料的耐热性有了显著的改善。另外,该复合材料还表现出多功能特性,如高导电性和导热性。随着碳纳米管体积分数的增加,聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料的电导率逐渐提高,填充碳纳米管的聚氨酯复合材料的导电逾渗值约为5%。     

碳纳米管表面改性及其应用于复合材料的研究现状

对碳纳米管进行表面改性可提高碳纳米管的表面活性、分散能力和与基体材料之间的相容性,从而提高其在复合材料中的增强效果。本文介绍了碳纳米管表面改性的方法,分为物理法和化学法,物理法主要有高能机械研磨法、高能球磨法和超声振动法;化学法主要有酸处理法、偶联剂法、化学镀法、高能射线辐照法和原子转移自由基聚合法。在实际应用中常将几种改性方法联合使用,使得到的改性产物性能更稳定,性质更多样化。同时,介绍了改性后的碳纳米管在各种复合材料中的应用现状。并指出了对碳纳米管进行改性的两个重点：一是尽量保持碳纳米管的本身结构完整性;二是提高碳纳米管在基体中的分散性。     

Melt mixing of carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes incorporated polyurethanes

Polyurethane composites filled with carbon fibers (CF) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) were prepared by mixing and injection molding, and its mechanical as well as their thermal properties were investigated. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), and thermal conductivity tests were done, and the properties were evaluated as a function of the filler concentration. The storage modulus of the composites increased with fillers concentration, which also mean the increase of the stiffness, suggest a good adhesion between the polyurethane matrix and the fillers. Addition of more CF and CNT to the composites broadened and lowered the peak of tan δ specifies that the polyurethane composite became more elastic because there is a good adhesion between the fillers and the matrix. The addition of carbon fillers improves the thermal stability of the polyurethane. The inclusions of CNT show a better thermal stability when compared with CF. The addition of carbon fillers also increased the thermal conductivity of the polyurethane composites. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Alumina-Based Ceramics with Novel Mechanical, Electrical, and Thermal Properties

The extraordinary mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) have prompted the development of advanced engineering materials with improved properties through the incorporation of carbon nanotubes in selected matrices. Dense SWCNT reinforced alumina nanocomposites have been fabricated by novel spark-plasma-sintering (SPS) technique. SWCNT were also successfully used to convert insulating nanoceramics to metallically conductive composites. Additionally, novel anisotropic thermal properties have been observed in the carbon nanotube composites. Such multifunctional carbon nanotube/ceramic composites with improved mechanical and electrical properties along with anisotropic thermal properties are envisaged for a wide range of applications.     

碳纤维/聚氨酯复合材料的制备与性能研究

以聚酯二元醇、异氰酸酯、碳纤维为主要原料,采用预聚体法制备了一系列碳纤维/聚氨酯复合材料,并对该复合材料进行了性能测试和结构表征。研究表明,复合材料的机械性能随着碳纤维长度和含量的增加出现先升高后降低的趋势。当碳纤维长度为3 mm、质量分数为1.0%时,复合材料的机械性能达到最佳值,此时其拉伸强度增加22.7%,撕裂强度增加48.1%,扯断伸长率增加5.9%。热力学分析和动态力学性能研究表明,复合材料的热分解温度提高,质量保留率提高,失重率降低,材料的玻璃化转变温度和软化温度提高,引入碳纤维后材料的耐热性提高。     

The thermal and mechanical properties of a polyurethane/multi-walled carbon nanotube composite

A polyurethane/multi-walled carbon nanotube elastomer composite was synthesized. The microstructure of the composite was examined by field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The thermal and mechanical properties of the composite were characterized by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and tensile testing. The chemical linkage of carbon nanotubes with polyurethane matrix was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectra. The study on the structure of the composite showed that carbon nanotubes could be dispersed in the polymer matrix well apart from a few of clusters. The results from thermal analysis indicated that the glass transition temperature of the composite was increased by about 10 °C and its thermal stability was obviously improved, in comparison with pure polyurethane. The investigation on the mechanical properties showed that the modulus and tensile strength could be obviously increased by adding 2 wt% (by weight) CNT to the matrix.     

改性多壁碳纳米管／聚氨酯乳液的制备与研究

以聚醚多元醇（N-210）、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）、二羟甲基丙酸（DMPA）、一缩二乙二醇（DEG）为基料,合成了水性聚氨酯预聚体,采用改性多壁碳纳米管（ MWCNTs ）的悬浊液为分散介质得到水性聚氨酯复合乳液。通过TEM、拉力机、TGA对其胶膜的微观结构、力学性能以及热学性能进行测试,结果表明： MWCNTs均匀分散在聚氨酯胶膜中;当MWCNTs质量分数在0.5％时,拉伸强度达到最大值为17.91 MPa,比纯聚氨酯提高了81％;复合材料的断裂伸长率均达到500％以上,最大达到539％,明显高于未加改性碳纳米管的聚氨酯; MWCNTs的加入可明显提高复合材料的耐热性。     

A Study on Polyurethane Hybrid Nanocomposite Foams Reinforced with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Silica Nanoparticles

Multifunctional polyurethane foams reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes and silica nanoparticles enhanced specific properties. We studied the effects of nanoparticle addition into polyurethane on mechanical properties and thermal stability by means of tensile, Charpy impact, hardness tests, and thermogravimetric analysis. Nanoparticles added to polyurethane are multiwalled carbon nanotubes, two types of silica nanoparticles, and multiwalled carbon nanotube/spherical silica as hybrid filler. Hybrid polyurethane/spherical silica/multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposite with the constant overall content of 0.75?wt% showed higher tensile strength, hardness, and thermal stability than either of nanoparticles at this content, which approves a synergistic effect between multiwalled carbon nanotubes and silica nanoparticles.     

碳纳米管增强纳米银复合材料应用进展

归纳了碳纳米管增强纳米银复合材料(Ag/CNT)的制备途径及性能变化,阐述了Ag/CNT复合材料在水离子体检测、抗菌、催化、传感器等领域的应用。并指出:在制备方式中,在吸附型CNT沉积纳米银(Ag/a–CNT)复合物质制备过程中,由于CNT表面基团的保护效应,致使纳米Ag在CNT表面均匀分散,同时,CNT大的比表面积又增强了银纳米粒子的吸附作用。Ag/a–CNT将是以后CNT增强纳米银复合材料主要的制备方式。另外,纳米银的加入不仅可以增强复合物质光学和热学性能,而且还能产生复合材料新的其它性能和应用。如何在保证复合材料应用效果的情况下,降低成本和实现工业化生产都将是今后的努力方向。