硅基雪崩光电探测器倍增层掺杂的研究

硅基雪崩光电探测器的器件性能与倍增层的掺杂浓度有着密切联系。研究了硅基雪崩光电探测器倍增层的掺杂浓度对雪崩击穿电压和光谱响应度等特性的影响。在硼的注入剂量由5.0×1012 cm-2减小为2.5×1012cm-2时,倍增层内电场强度逐渐降低,吸收区电场强度迅速增大,器件的雪崩击穿电压由16.3V迅速上升到203V,而光谱响应在95%的击穿电压下,峰值响应波长由480nm红移至800nm,对应的响应度由11.2A/W剧增到372.3A/W。综合考虑光谱响应和雪崩击穿电压的影响,在硼注入剂量为3.5×1012 cm-2时,可获得击穿电压为43.5V和响应度为342.5A/W的器件模型,对实际器件的制备具有一定参考价值。     

3300 V FS型IGBT器件研制

基于现有仿真及工艺平台,设计一款3 300V/50A场截止型绝缘栅双极晶体管器件(FS-IGBT),元胞采用场截止型平面栅结构,元胞注入采用自对准工艺,背面P型集电极采用透明集电极技术,降低导通状态的饱和压降。采用二维数值仿真主要研究了FS结构以及P~+集电极掺杂参数对器件性能的影响,通过参数拉偏仿真,重点分析了FS层和集电极P区注入剂量对器件参数的影响,确认了最佳的工艺窗口条件。通过合作方工艺平台对最终的结构进行了加工,最终测试结果显示IGBT器件通态压降为2.8V,击穿电压大于4 250V,关断损耗37mJ,开通损耗50mJ。     

电子倍增层表层掺杂分布对EBCMOS电荷收集效率的影响

设计了电子倍增层的多种表层结构,并模拟分析了表层掺杂分布对电子轰击型CMOS(EBCMOS)成像器件的电荷收集效率的影响。结合离子注入工艺优化设计电子倍增层表层结构,并利用离子注入模拟软件TRIM模拟分析了不同掩蔽层种类、厚度、离子注入剂量、注入角度和注入能量次数对掺杂分布的影响。再依据载流子传输理论并结合蒙特卡洛模拟方法,模拟分析了相应结构下EBCMOS中电子倍增层的电荷收集效率。模拟研究结果表明:通过选择SiO2作为掩蔽层、减小掩蔽层厚度、增加注入能量次数等方法可以提高电荷收集效率。在注入剂量选择方面,对电子倍增层表层进行重掺杂,使掺杂浓度下降幅度足够大、下降速度足够缓慢,也可以有效提高电荷收集效率。仿真优化后表层结构所对应器件的电荷收集效率最高可以达到93.61%。     

6H-SiC基混合肖特基/PiN二极管反向恢复及少子特性研究北大核心CSCD

反向恢复特性是衡量混合肖特基/PiN(MPS)二极管开关性能最重要的参数之一。本文对6H-SiC基MPS二极管结构参数与反向恢复峰值电流、反向恢复电压之间的关系进行了数值模拟仿真,分析了器件关断过程中过剩少数载流子分布,以此就6HSiC基MPS器件结构参数对反向恢复特性的影响进行了研究。结果表明:结构参数P+区结深、P+区掺杂浓度的增加,或肖特基区占比的减小,均会引起反向恢复峰值电流、反向恢复峰值电压的增大。究其根本,是器件结构参数改变引起了漂移区下少数载流子发生产生、复合、抽运等一系列变化。综合考虑反向恢复峰值电流、反向恢复峰值电压与软恢复特性,得出6H-SiC基MPS最佳优化参数:P+结深为3.8~4.0μm,肖特基区的占比为48%~56%,P+掺杂浓度为5.0×1018/cm3。     

内透明集电极IGBT(ITC-IGBT)与PT-IGBT、FS-IGBT的性能比较

首次对600 V平面型内透明集电极IGBT(ITC-IGBT)、PT-IGBT和FS-IGBT通态电压与关断能耗之间的折中曲线进行了仿真分析和比较.ITC-IGBT是在PT-IGBT结构中的p+型衬底与n型缓冲层之间加入一层厚度很薄、掺杂浓度低于p+衬底的p型内透明集电区,并且在集电区之内、集电结附近设置具有很低过剩载流子寿命的载流子局域寿命控制层,从而实现透明集电极的效果.仿真结果表明,ITC-IGBT具有优良的综合性能,采用缓冲层浓度最优值的ITC-IGBT的折中曲线明显优于PT-IGBT与FS-IGBT.说明ITC-IGBT结构不仅能解决现有透明集电极IGBT超薄片加工工艺难度大的问题,还为进一步改善IGBT器件综合性能提供了新途径.     

低噪声GaAs MESFET有源层的Si~+注入

本文叙述了用Si~+注入GaAs形成低噪声MESFET有源层的初步实验结果.获得了峰值载流子浓度为1～2×10(17)cm~(-3)、在交界面处迁移率≥3000cm~2/V·s的有源层,制出了在2GHz下NF为0.9dB、G_a为14.5dB的双栅FET和9.5GHz下NF为2.0dB、G_a为9.5dB的单栅FET.实验结果表明,采用Si~+注入沟道的器件达到了汽相外延器件的最佳性能,某些参数超过了汽相外延器件.     

中压沟槽MOSFET的设计与研究

基于仿真和实验方法,开展了100VN沟槽MOSFET的设计研究工作.通过沟槽深度,体区注入剂量和栅氧化层厚度拉偏,获得了对击穿电压,阈值电压和导通电阻的影响规律并对机理进行了分析,仿真工具同时描述了器件内部的电流路径和碰撞电离率分布.随着沟槽深度增加击穿电压先升后降,导通电阻则表现为相反趋势;击穿电压与注入剂量具有弱相关性,阈值电压随注入剂量增加而升高;击穿电压随着栅氧化层厚度增加整体表现上升趋势,但变化幅度不大,阈值电压与厚度变化表现出强相关性.通过逐步优化获得了最终结构和工艺参数为沟槽深度1.5μm,体区注入剂量1.3E13,栅氧化层厚度700 A,通过流片获得器件最终电性参数为击穿电压为105.6 V,阈值电压2.67 V,导通电阻3.12 mR,相较于仿真参数分别有98%,94%和75%的变化率.     

倍增型共振隧穿弱光探测器的噪声性能研究

对倍增型共振隧穿弱光探测器(RTDPD,resonant tunneling diode as photodetector)的噪声性能 进行研究。设计了具有倍增区的RTDPD结构。对探测器电流-电压(I-V) 特性的模拟发现,加入倍增区 以后探测器的光电流和暗电流均被放大,其峰值电流增大了1.7倍。 对RTDPD的噪声分布模拟发 现,1/f噪声比散粒噪声和热噪声高出10 个数量级左右。对倍增 区的电场强度和过剩噪声因子进行了模拟, 并计算了过剩噪声的功率谱密度。分析了倍增型RTDPD的总噪声,并对有、无倍增区时RTDPD 的噪声等 效功率进行了计算。结果显示,倍增区引入的噪声不仅不会影响探测器有效信号的提取,而 且提高了探测器响应弱光的能力。     

硅基APD器件的工艺及性能仿真分析

硅基APD 的性能取决于其器件结构与工艺过程。文中对n+-p--p+外延结构的APD 器件的工艺和器件性能进行了仿真分析,为硅基APD 器件的设计提供了理论指导。利用Silvaco 软件对APD器件的关键工艺离子注入和扩散工艺进行了仿真, 确定工艺参数对杂质的掺杂深度和掺杂分布的影响。并且,对于APD 器件的性能进行了分析,对电场分布、增益、量子效率、响应度等参数进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明:在给定的器件参数条件下,所设计的APD器件的增益为100时,响应度峰值为55A/W左右,在600~900 nm 范围内具有较高响应度,峰值波长在810 nm。     

自对准掺磷多晶硅栅MOS器件的辐照加固

众所周知,工艺步骤强烈地影响MOS氧化层的辐射容限。本文介绍用离子注入法形成自对准多晶硅栅MOSFET源漏区的效果。抗辐射强度有规律地随n~ 和p~ 离子注入能量及掩蔽的多晶硅层厚度的变化而变化。对固定的多晶硅层厚度,存在一个使器件的性能和抗辐射特性最佳的注入能量,而其它注入能量往往会使抗辐射强度降低。这已为电容实验所证实。在总剂量为3×10~5拉德(Si)的辐射时,用这里介绍的最佳辐射加固工艺制造的n沟道器件阈值电压从-6.1V降到-1.8V。而在1×10~6拉德(Si)的辐射时,P沟道器件的阈值电压降低了4.5V。在1×10~6拉德(Si)的辐射中,8位运算器(ALU)器件仍能很好地工作。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks