一种用于非制冷红外焦平面阵列的低噪声高均匀性读出电路（英文）

提出了一种高均匀性低噪声的读出电路,该电路通过抑制非制冷红外焦平面阵列固定模式噪声,从而可实现高质量的红外图像.该电路前端采用了行共享的增益可控NMOS管抑制像元固定模式噪声,同时采用了新型的相关双采样电路抑制列固定模式噪声.在仿真基础上,采用了AMS 0.35μm CMOS工艺完成了16×16像元芯片的制备.对芯片的大量测试结果表明提出的读出电路可以有效地降低非制冷红外焦平面阵列的固定模式噪声,同时具有高均匀性的特点,适用于高性能非制冷红外探测器.     

一种新型的高均匀性非制冷红外读出电路研究

针对非制冷红外探测器系统,设计了一种高均匀性的读出电路（ROIC）结构。由于非制冷红外焦平面阵列中微测辐射热计的制作工艺存在偏差导致探测器输出存在非均匀性,其中列条纹尤为明显。所提出的读出电路能有效地消除列条纹、提高均匀性。该ROIC已在0.5?m CMOS工艺下成功流片,并应用到阵列大小为320×240的非制冷微测辐射热计焦平面上。测试结果表明：固定图像噪声（FPN）仅为0.088 V,无明显列条纹。该ROIC在高均匀性的非制冷红外探测器上有着广泛的应用。     

光谱成像用红外焦平面读出电路研究

红外焦平面是光谱成像系统的核心器件。讨论了多光谱用红外焦平面读出电路的特点,设计了用于多光谱成像的64×16元红外焦平面读出电路。读出电路采用CTIA输入级,快照式曝光方式,边积分边读出工作。电路芯片与InGaAs光敏芯片阵列通过铟柱倒焊的方法,组成混成互连焦平面器件,像元间距50μm,响应波段0.9～1.7μm,盲元率0.2%,半阱时的响应不均匀性4.7%。     

非制冷红外焦平面非均匀性测试技术研究

非制冷焦平面的非均匀性和噪声是限制非制冷红外热成像系统性能的主要因素.研制了非制冷红外焦平面的非均匀性测试系统,系统由黑体、红外光学系统、焦平面驱动电路、热电温控电路、信号处理系统、计算机和测试软件等构成,利用该系统可以将微测辐射热计非制冷红外焦平面各像元的输出信号数字化后传输给计算机,实现对焦平面的非均匀性测试和盲元统计,并给出了实验结果.     

一种新型低噪声高均匀性红外焦平面读出电路

针对非制冷微测辐射热计焦平面阵列,设计了一种低噪声、高均匀性的读出电路。该读出电路结合相关双采样技术和自归零技术,对固定图像噪声以及l/f噪声都能起到很好的抑制作用。目前,该电路已应用到160×120阵列的非制冷微测辐射热计焦平面上,并在0.5μm CMOS工艺下成功流片。测试结果表明,固定图像噪声仅为0.087 V,均方根噪声为256μV。     

大面阵CMOS快照模式焦平面读出电路设计分析

针对一款大面阵(640×512元)快照模式制冷型红外焦平面用的读出电路进行了初步分析验证.该读出电路采用改进DI结构,先积分后读出的积分控制模式,像素尺寸为25μm×25μm,芯片已在0.5μm双硅双铝(DPDM)标准CMOS工艺下试制.首先对该电路结构及工作原理进行分析,并对输入级等电路的传输特性进行仿真验证,最后给出探测器阵列与读出电路芯片互连后的测试结果.结果表明该读出电路适用于小像素、大规模的红外焦平面阵列.     

一种具有片上补偿功能的红外读出电路

针对非制冷红外探测器系统,提出了一种恒流偏置的红外读出电路（ROIC）,该电路具有衬底温度补偿功能,且可实现片上偏移非均匀性补偿。基于微测辐射热计等效电阻受目标温度、衬底温度等影响的等效模型,每个读出通道采用两个盲电阻以消除衬底温度的影响,同时使用DAC逐点调节参考电压,以完成片上偏移非均匀性补偿。该ROIC 应用到阵列大小为320×240的非制冷微测辐射热计焦平面上,已在CSMC 05MIXDDST02的0.5?m CMOS标准工艺下成功流试验片。电路测试结果表明：对于常温目标,当衬底温度变化60 K时,输出电压变化小于500 mV;经偏移非均匀性补偿后,阵列的固定图像噪声为11.8 mV。该ROIC适用于应用于复杂温度环境的高均匀性非制冷红外探测器。     

非致冷红外焦平面阵列读出电路的噪声抑制

读出电路(ROIC)是非致冷红外焦平面阵列器件(UIRFPA)的关键组成部分之一。RO-IC性能的好坏直接影响到UIRFPA的性能,非致冷红外焦平面阵列读出电路的噪声抑制也是一个研究的热点。文章探讨了非致冷红外焦平面阵列读出电路的噪声及抑制方法。仿真实验结果表明,该方法具有一定的先进性。     

红外焦平面阵列读出电路非均匀性研究

读出电路对红外焦平面阵列成像系统的非均匀性有重要影响,采用动态非线性系统函数的泰勒级数建立功能电路单元的通用非均匀性模型,按照模拟型读出电路的一般结构建立读出电路的非均匀性模型,利用高斯噪声和柏林噪声模拟读出电路参数的空间随机分布,采用三维噪声的空间分量量化评估非均匀性,采用等长的矩阵模型简化阵列信号串行读出的时空转换过程,分析了噪声模型、多通道缓冲和响应非线性的非均匀特性,并指导某320×256阵列读出电路进行了非均匀特性仿真和优化。该方法能够对读出电路的非均匀性进行系统级仿真评估,并为其工程优化提供指导。     

低噪声非制冷红外焦平面阵列驱动电路的设计

针对非制冷红外焦平面驱动电路在噪声和可靠性方面的高要求,分析了降低直流偏置电压噪声以降低红外焦平面阵列噪声的可行性,提出了一种新型低噪声的非制冷红外焦平面驱动电路.该驱动电路采用ADI公司的AD8606系列高精度低噪声运算放大器构成一个直流缓冲器,其具有强大的直流驱动能力和低噪声性能,实现了直流偏置电路.采用Altera公司的Cyclone Ⅱ系列可编程逻辑器件,设计红外焦平面的时序驱动电路.测试结果表明:焦平面探测器均方根噪声降低至397.83μV,为后续非制冷红外热像仪的研制奠定了基础.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks