环保型洗涤用品—无磷洗涤剂

合成洗涤剂,特别是家庭用的洗衣粉,通常是由具有去污作用的表面活性剂和具有软化水质作用的各类助洗剂组成的。在合成洗涤剂发展的初期,使用的助洗剂主要是碳酸钠和硅酸钠。后来,人们发现三聚磷酸钠(STPP)不仅对水中的钙镁离子及其它重金属离子具有强烈的螯合能力,使硬水迅速软化,而且对织物上的污垢具有胶溶、乳化和分散作用,在合成洗涤剂的     

新型助剂4A沸石和低磷洗衣粉的研制

本文阐述了合成洗涤剂低磷化的意义,介绍了新型助剂4A沸石的结构和复配性能,指出用4A沸石部分代替三聚磷酸钠。利用现行工艺和设备,完全可以生产出符合使用要求的低磷洗衣粉。     

影响三聚磷酸钠的水合因素

1　概述三聚磷酸钠 (Na5P3 O10 )俗称五钠 ,亦称三磷酸钠、磷酸五钠或焦偏磷酸钠 ,为白色粉末 ,易溶于水 ,水溶液呈碱性。三聚磷酸钠具有螯合、悬浮、分散、胶溶、乳化 ,pH缓冲等作用 ,可用作合成洗涤剂助剂、工业水软水剂、制革预鞣剂、染色助剂、有机合成催化剂、医药工业分散剂和食品添加剂等。目前 ,其最大的用途仍然是作粉状合成洗涤剂的助剂。除螯合性能外 ,三聚磷酸钠的水合性能对粉状合成洗涤剂的生产过程和质量有着重要影响。为保持洗衣粉料浆具有良好的流动性 ,必须使三聚磷酸钠水合充分 ,而三聚磷酸钠的水合主要是在配制洗衣粉…     

我国三聚磷酸钠产品的发展前景

综述了三聚磷酸钠及合成洗涤剂的发展情况，对合成洗涤剂使用三聚磷酸及其代用品进行比较，预测三聚磷酸钠的发展前景。     

洗涤剂中磷酸盐的应用现状与趋势

洗涤剂中磷酸盐的应用现状与趋势１磷酸盐与合成洗涤剂的发展合成洗涤剂自本世纪３０年代发展以来，随着以石油为原料的烷基苯磺酸钠等的合成与生产，为其奠定了活性物的基础。但当时的助剂还主要是碳酸钠与硅酸钠，这样洗后的衣物仍有板结等缺点。１９４３年三聚磷酸钠（...     

新活性硅酸盐助剂的应用性能初探

介绍了活性硅酸钠ASS的性能,它具有良好的钙、镁离子交换能力,提供碱度和缓冲pH值及良好的抗再沉积性能。因此,它可作为取代三聚磷酸钠的新型助剂。     

急需发展的新型环保洗涤助剂—层状结晶二硅酸钠

目前作为传统的洗涤助剂三聚磷酸钠的主要替代品是4A沸石,但4A沸石作为磷酸盐的替代品,却不是十全十美的。4A沸石虽广泛大量地用于合成洗涤剂,但其功能却不能完全替代磷酸盐,因为4A沸石不具备碱性及表面     

硅酸浓度和水坡璃模数的快速测定法

在肥皂和合成洗涤剂生产中硅酸钠的消耗总是增长的。这种产品大量是作为搪衬设备和储罐（例如供处理或存放有腐蚀性物质脂肪酸及共它物料等之用）用的粘结物料。硅酸钠也用作偏硅酸钠的生产，这种产品是被应用于合成洗涤剂配方中的。硅酸钠通常是以硅酸盐石岩块在6～8大气压下熬煮制得的，使用时可以配成不同比重的溶液。     

聚丙烯酸盐生产技术

1 技术简介 聚丙烯酸盐助洗剂是一种新型高效的洗涤助剂。研究院于1991年开始研制,1993年2月完成中试。 聚丙烯酸盐助洗剂用于合成洗涤剂中,可以取代目前洗涤剂中普遍使用的三聚磷酸钠,从而消除了因使用三聚磷酸钠所排出的含磷废水对环境造成的污染。聚丙烯酸盐的助洗性能远远优于传统的三聚磷酸钠,洗涤效果相当于5倍同重量的三聚磷酸钠,即用量仅为三聚磷酸钠的五分之     

层状结晶二硅酸钠在合成洗涤剂中的试用

试用层硅代替合成洗涤剂中的三聚磷酸钠,以期有更好的环保效果和使用效果.     

衣康酸-丙烯酸共聚物助洗性能的研究

研究了衣康酸-丙烯酸共聚物(IA-Co-AA)的助洗性能,并与马来酸-丙烯酸共聚物(MA-Co-AA)和三聚磷酸钠(STPP)进行了比较.结果表明:IA-Co-AA的钙皂分散力和pH缓冲能力高于STPP和MA-Co-AA.MA-Co-AA的表面活性比IA-Co-AA和STPP的高,但它们都与十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)具有较好的协同作用,以至它们的存在能显著降低LAS溶液的表面张力.IA-Co-AA取代STPP制得的洗衣粉的去污能力和抗污垢再沉积能力比用MA-Co-AA取代STPP制得的洗衣粉的强.IA-Co-AA较易生物降解,而MA-Co-AA难生物降解.     

Simultaneous Determination of Sodium Tripolyphosphate,Sodium Sulfate and Linear Alkylbenzensulfonate in Washing Powder by Attenuated Total Reflectance: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry

An analytical procedure has been developed for the simultaneous quantitative determination of sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), sodium sulfate (SS) and Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate (LABS) in a single washing powder sample. The method is based on the partial least squares treatment of data obtained by the Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectrometric method in the wavenumber range of 800–1,290 cm⁻¹. Absorbance spectra were employed for measurement using 29 aqueous standard solutions of STPP, SS and LABS. The method is simple, rapid and accurate and has been applied to commercial washing powders analysis performing the STPP, SS and LABS determination with a simplified sample preparation step consisting only of powder dissolution in distilled water. The other advantage of this method is its minimal time consumption (about 15 min), in comparison with previously introduced methods based on the determination of separated analytes (more than 4 h). The relative standard deviations of the proposed method for analyzing these real samples were 0.99, 0.56 and 0.91% for STPP, SS and LABS, respectively.

Algerian montmorillonite as a builder in a detergent powder

Algerian montmorillonite treated with sodium chloride was used as a substitute for the builders sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) and sodium sulfate in a detergent powder. The following performance parameters of the substituted composition powder were examined: pH, foaming, cleaning, sequestering, and ion exchange capacities. The latter factors remained the most important ones for effective detergency. Despite anticipated improvement in hard water ion removal, constant detergency results were observed with the treated montmorillonite-containing powder. This level of efficacy does not meet the cost-effectiveness of a standard detergent powder containing STPP.     

Detergency of binary mixtures of LAS/STPP and LAS/Zeolites: influence of (Ca++) on the washing liquor

The influence of sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) or zeolites on the detergency performance of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) has been evaluated at different water hardness levels. This study demonstrates that STPP or zeolite behaves either as a sequestrant or through an important synergism with LAS, showing a minimum and a maximum in detergency performance, depending on the water hardness level. There is an optimum LAS/builder ratio for each individual water hardness level. This optimum has to be determined experimentally as it will not always necessarily coincide with the highest surfactant and/or builder concentrations.     

Study of detergency. II. Effect of sodium tripolyphosphate

A study of the effect of added sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) on oily soil removal efficiency in hard water showed that as the concentration of STPP increases, the water hardness at maximum oil removal efficiency increases and the sharpness of the oil removal peak is lessened. The value of maximum oil removal efficiency was not influenced greatly by the concentration of STPP. The action of STPP on oil removal efficiency in hard water was that of softening the water. The pH of various hard water/STPP/sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (0.1 wt. %) solutions had a maximum oil removal efficiency at 7.7.     

The influence of sodium tripolyphosphate and zeolites on detergency of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate in the presence of Mg++

The influence of sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) and zeolites on the detergency performance of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) has been evaluated at different water magnesium ion levels. This study demonstrates that LAS/STPP gives better results in the presence of calcium than in the presence of magnesium, whereas the LAS/zeolite mixture gives better results in the presence of magnesium than in the presence of calcium.     

4A沸石在洗涤剂中的应用及前景

4 A沸石作为优良的替代STPP(三聚磷酸钠)的洗涤助剂得到广泛应用,其一般颗粒大小为1~4μm,占90%左右,密度为2.07g.cm-3。4A沸石对水中Ca2+、Mg2+等离子的交换,可去除98%钙离子、至少50%的镁离子,使水得到软化;对非离子表面活性剂的吸附,沸石是NTA(次氨基三乙酸盐)和碳酸钠的3倍,是STPP和硫酸钠的5倍;与其他电解质一样与表面活性剂有协同效应;4A沸石与STPP混合使用,其去污力至少可达到单一用STPP效果;并兼有防止不溶性污垢再沉积,安全、无污染等性能。并阐述了4A沸石在洗涤剂中的应用前景。     

Soap-based detergent formulations: XXVI. Hard water detergency of soap-lime soap dispersant combinations with builders and inorganic salts1

Blends of soap and 3 lime soap dispersants—the sulfated tallow alkanolamide (TAM), the coconut-oil-derived amido sulfobetaine (CAHSB) and the cocoamido betaine (CAB)—were formulated with 3 builders—sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), trisodium nitrilotriacetate (NTA) and trisodium 2-oxa-1,1,3-propane tricarboxylate (OPT). Varying amounts of sodium sulfate were added to these formulations, and the effects of builders and sodium sulfate on detergency at 300 ppm water hardness were studied. At levels below 60%, STPP was not an effective builder for TAM formulations. Dilution of STPP-built TAM formulations with sodium sulfate substantially decreased detergency. Detergency of TAM formulations was improved by incorporation of NTA or OPT and such formulations could tolerate dilution with sodium sulfate without serious loss in detergency. NTA or STPP improved the detergency of CAB formulations but OPT did not. Addition of sodium sulfate caused some loss in detergency in all CAB formulations. Addition of STPP to CAHSB formulations caused a slight loss in detergency, but addition of NTA or OPT had no appreciable effect. Dilution of STPP-built CAHSB formulations with sodium sulfate affected detergency adversely, although not as severely as in STPP-built TAM formulations. Dilution of NTA-or OPT-built CAHSB formulations with sodium sulfate had little effect on detergency. CAB and particularly CAHSB are superior to TAM in dispersing lime soap curd. Therefore, addition of NTA, STPP, or OPT to the amphoteric formulations did not affect detergency to the same extent as in TAM formulations. Further evidence of the superiority of amphoteric lime soap dispersing agents (lsda) in dispersing lime soap curd was provided by the effectiveness of soap, CAHSB, silicate formulations in detergency studies at 1,000 ppm water hardness. Presented at the Annual AOCS Meeting, San Francisco, April 1979. Agricultural Research, Science and Education Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture.     

层状复合硅酸钠的合成及性能测试

详细介绍了层状复合硅酸钠（LCS）的生产方法及其在洗衣粉中的应用，用LCS制得的洗衣粉，去污力优于无水偏硅酸钠、层状结晶硅酸钠和4A沸石，试验表明LCS是目前应用效果较好的无磷洗涤助剂。