曝气量对自热式高温好氧消化污泥减量的影响

采用批式自热高温好氧消化(ATAD)工艺进行污泥稳定化处理,对TSS、VSS、温度、脱氢酶、细菌总数、pH和氧化还原电位(ORP)、停留时间等指标进行了测定,探讨不同曝气量对悬浮固体浓度去除率、反应器自升温、污泥减量及稳定化处理效果的影响.试验发现,曝气量过高会引起散热作用,使反应器温度下降;过低会影响微生物活性,反应器升温慢,停留时间长,两种情况都会引起TSS、VSS去除率降低.在搅拌强度为450 r/Min条件下,对VSS为49g/L的混合污泥(生活污泥与剩余污泥体积比为1:8)的最佳曝气量为45 mL/8,此时VSS的去除率可达到53.98%,结果达到了污泥稳定的目的.     

超声波处理器联合缺氧/好氧消化过程SS、VSS的变化研究

为明确超声波促进污泥缺氧/好氧消化的减量化机理,采用设计的超声处理器联合缺氧/好氧消化反应器对污泥进行超声波-缺氧/好氧消化,研究了消化过程中SS、VSS的变化趋势,同时以未经超声处理的消化污泥作为对照。结果显示,消化污泥的SS、VSS在10天的消化过程中浓度逐渐减少,去除率逐渐增大,经过10 d的消化,超声污泥的SS和VSS浓度从10.64 g.L-1和5.59 g.L-1分别减少到7.53 g.L-1和3.23 g.L-1,而对照的VSS浓度从5.47 g.L-1减少为4.37 g.L-1,超声污泥的SS,VSS的去除率分别为29.16%和42.15%,而此时对照的VSS的去除率为20.20%,超声污泥和对照VSS去除率之差高达21.95%,超声波处理对污泥生物消化效率有明显的促进作用。     

单级预热式自动升温高温好氧消化工艺处理剩余活性污泥

用自行设计的单级预热式自动升温高温好氧消化工艺系统处理浓缩池中的剩余活性污泥,采用间歇式操作方式,研究了进泥浓度、搅拌速率、曝气量、固体停留时间对污泥稳定化效果的影响,并对污泥稳定化和无害化效果进行了评价,同时对消化后污泥的脱水性能和pH值进行了测试分析。结果表明,当进泥含固率为4.3%～6.4%、进泥挥发性有机物(VSS)质量浓度为33.4～44.1 g/L、搅拌速率为100～110 r/min、曝气量为0.10～0.12 m3/h、固体停留时间为10天时,污泥稳定化效果最好,反应器内温度可维持在54.5～56.8℃,对VSS的去除率平均达到53.2%,脱氢酶活性(DHA)下降74%,此时,病原菌的灭活率达到100%,出泥达到了美国环保局规定的A级生物固体(污泥)的标准;在此工艺条件下发现消化后的污泥脱水性能变差,而pH值升高,这是由于在消化过程中产生的溶胞现象所致。     

邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯对污泥好氧消化的影响

对邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)对污泥好氧消化的影响进行了研究,以期为污泥的安全资源化利用提供一定的基础资料。结果表明,对于污泥好氧消化,当进泥中DEHP投加量为20mg/L时,对VSS去除率没有明显影响;当DEHP投加量为100mg/L以上时,随DEHP投加量的增加,VSS去除率下降,同时反应器污泥中DEHP的残留浓度随之增大。     

低曝气量下好氧颗粒污泥的性能分析

采用SBR反应器培养好氧颗粒污泥,考察了低曝气量下好氧颗粒污泥的性能。研究表明,低曝气量下,好氧颗粒污泥具有较高处理效能,其对校园污水中COD、氨氮和磷的去除率最高可分别达到93.8%、87.7%、87.8%。降低曝气量有利于磷的去除,对COD去除的影响不大,对氨氮去除的影响较大。当曝气量为0.2 m3/h时,氨氮去除率最高。降低曝气量,DO浓度的变化不显著。好氧颗粒污泥能在低曝气量下稳定运行,在保证污染物去除率的前提下可降低能耗,节约能源。     

曝气量对生物陶粒MBBR处理效能的影响

利用生物陶粒作为悬浮填料移动床反应器(MBBR)的填料处理南方城镇低浓度生活污水,通过试验考察了曝气量对生物陶粒悬浮填料移动床反应器(BCMBBR)去除有机物及脱氮效果的影响,并对在不同曝气量下BCMBBR载体生物膜量及悬浮污泥浓度进行了初步研究。试验结果表明:曝气量是影响BCMBBR处理效率的关键因素。当曝气量为7.7 L/h时,反应器DO的质量浓度约为3.0 mg/L,CODCr、NH3-N、TN的去除率分别达到86.1%、83.8%、61.6%,曝气量过高或过低均会对处理效率产生不同程度的影响。     

预热ATAD工艺处理市政污泥工程

在中试的基础上,建立一套有效容积为700 m3的污泥预热高温好氧消化工艺,在进泥含固率为6%,VSS浓度为42.1 g/L,搅拌速率为150～160 r/min,曝气量为2.0～2.2 m3/h的工艺参数条件下,45℃下预热24 h,污泥在消化进行到第10 d时已达到稳定化和无害化的标准,出泥达到A级生物固体的标准,并发现VSS和DHA的降解率与污泥停留时间和反应温度的乘积密切相关,当乘积为500（℃.d）以上时,污泥才能达到稳定化的标准。     

曝气量对生物陶粒MBBR处理效能的影响

利用生物陶粒作为悬浮填料移动床反应器（MBBR）的填料处理南方城镇低浓度生活污水,通过试验考察了曝气量对生物陶粒悬浮填料移动床反应器（BCMBBR）去除有机物及脱氮效果的影响,并对在不同曝气量下BCMBBR载体生物膜量及悬浮污泥浓度进行了初步研究。试验结果表明：曝气量是影响BCMBBR处理效率的关键因素。当曝气量为7．7L／h时,反应器DO的质量浓度约为3．0mg／L,CODCrNH3-N、TN的去除率分别达到86．1％、83．8％、61．6％,曝气量过高或过低均会对处理效率产生不同程度的影响。     

超声波-缺氧/好氧消化与传统好氧消化效果的比较研究

为考察超声波-缺氧/好氧消化对污泥降解的效果,通过实验室中试对比试验,研究了污泥超声波-缺氧/好氧消化对传统好氧消化的比较优势。研究结果表明,经过25 d的消化后,超声波-缺氧/好氧消化污泥TSS和VSS的去除率分别达到了35.77%和50.02%,比好氧消化污泥分别提高了3.90%和8.99%;超声波-缺氧/好氧消化污泥稳定时间比好氧消化污泥缩短了近6 d;超声波-缺氧/好氧消化污泥的TN去除率为40.8%,远高于传统好氧消化,并且超声波-缺氧/好氧消化污泥上清液中氨氮和硝态氮浓度却远低于传统好氧消化,因而降低了上清液回流氨氮和硝态氮对污水处理系统的负荷压力。     

低温低C/N比污水微氧生物脱氮性能研究

为探究低温条件下溶解氧（DO）质量浓度对微氧生物脱氮反应器启动和运行的影响,采用外曝气回流上升流式微氧污泥处理系统,将低C/N比模拟城市污水泵入反应器进行处理,实验各阶段微调DO浓度并测定主要出水水质指标。结果表明,反应器对TOC、IC、NH⁺₄-N和TN去除率分别为62.32%、60.02%、91.56%、64.09%,在低温、低DO、低C/N比的条件下处理效果良好。菌群结构分析表明,驯化污泥存在促进颗粒化菌,好氧氨氧化、厌氧氨氧化、自养反硝化、异养反硝化和好氧反硝化可协同脱氮,在低温、低C/N比下富集节能高效脱氮菌群。     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

几种针状焦性能对比

针状焦分石油系和煤系两大类,这主要取决于针状焦的原料来源。在同一系列中由于原料不同和工艺条件不同 ,针状焦的各自性能也不相同。针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极和高功率石墨电极的主要原料 ,针状焦的性能对石墨电极的质量有至关重要的影响。所以对针状焦性能以及其对石墨电极质量影响的研究十分必要的。以下是常用的几种进口针状焦和国产针状焦的性能对比。１原料性能分析对比原料试样包括４种针状焦 ,其中两种为进口针状焦：三菱针状焦和新日化针状焦;另两种为国产针状焦：鞍山针状焦和锦州针状焦。其中除锦州针状焦是石油系针状焦外…     

聚酰亚胺的合成法

本文评述了缩聚型聚酰亚胺的主要合成方法和近年来国际上在合成中所做的探索。