光催化自清洁纺织品的制备及其性能

为开发耐久性光催化自清洁纺织品,以聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）与纳米TiO2 为原料,对涤纶织物进行涂层加工,制得具有光催化自清洁性能的纺织品。借助DigiEye 数码图像测色系统、扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪等对涂层织物的自清洁性能、自清洁涂层的耐磨性能以及自清洁涂层的耐老化性能进行测试。结果表明：随着纳米TiO2 质量分数的增加,涂层织物的自清洁效果增强,但涂层浆的流变性变差,自清洁涂层的均匀性降低,PVDF 对纳米TiO2 颗粒的黏合效果降低,自清洁涂层的耐磨性能下降,自清洁涂层的耐老化性能也逐渐下降;在纳米TiO2 质量分数为33.3%时,涂层浆流变性较好,自清洁涂层均匀性较好,涂层织物自清洁性能较好,且自清洁涂层的耐磨性能和耐老化性能较好。     

纳米二氧化硅改性水性聚氨酯防水透湿涂层织物的制备及其性能

为提升水性聚氨酯涂层织物的防水透湿功能,采用R972疏水型气相纳米二氧化硅对水性聚氨酯进行共混改性,以涂层的方式对纯棉针织物进行整理。利用红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜和超景深显微镜对纳米二氧化硅水性聚氨酯复合涂层的结构和形貌进行表征。研究了纳米二氧化硅质量分数对织物防水透湿性能的影响。结果表明:疏水型气相纳米二氧化硅可以在水性聚氨酯体系中发挥良好的纳米效应,并且对水性聚氨酯涂层膜的结构并无较大影响;当纳米二氧化硅质量分数为1.5%时,涂层膜的吸水率降低55.4%,涂层织物的透湿量增加54.7%,耐静水压和接触角分别增大86%和131.4%,同时复合涂层的力学性能也得到了显著改善。     

光催化自清洁涂层纺织品的制备

为解决自清洁纺织品的耐久性问题,简化加工工艺,以丙烯酸树脂与纳米TiO2 为原料,采用不同的加工工艺,在涤纶机织物表面进行涂层整理,制备了具有自清洁性能的涂层织物,用分解亚甲基蓝的方法对涂层织物的自清洁性能进行表征。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能谱仪（EDS）对涂层织物的表面形貌及元素组成进行分析。结果表明：不同涂层工艺会影响织物的自清洁效果;一定范围内,涂层织物的自清洁性能随纳米TiO2 质量浓度的增加而提高,当TiO2 质量浓度达到30g/L 时,继续增大TiO2质量浓度,自清洁效果提升不明显;在经过不同类型以及不同次数的摩擦牢度测试后,自清洁效果保持良好。     

TiO2/SiO2气凝胶隔热涂层帐篷材料的制备

试验选取TiO2和SiO2气凝胶,制备SiO2气凝胶涂层剂、TiO2涂层剂以及TiO2/SiO2气凝胶涂层剂,并将其涂覆在帐篷表面,制得隔热帐篷材料。通过测量涂层织物的内外温差、拉伸断裂强力和导热系数,讨论功能粒子质量分数对隔热效果的影响。结果表明,未涂层织物内外温差为19.8℃;当SiO2气凝胶质量分数为5%时,织物内外温差为7.9℃;当TiO2质量分数为12%时,织物内外温差为2.6℃;当两者复配以后,5%SiO2气凝胶+12%TiO2时,帐篷隔热性能最好,和未涂层织物相比,内外温差降低17.2℃,拉伸断裂强力为2 173.3 N,导热系数为0.056 W/(m·K)。     

纳米二氧化硅改性吸声针织物制备及性能

为探究组织结构和纳米二氧化硅(nano-silica)质量分数对吸声针织物性能的影响,利用棉/腈纶90/10混纺纱线编织双罗纹针织物和双罗纹空气层针织物。制备质量分数为1.0%、1.5%和2.0%的纳米二氧化硅涂层剂,对两种针织物进行涂层处理,测试其吸声、透气、抗撕裂等性能。结果表明：nano-silica涂层可显著提高针织物在高频段(2 000 Hz以上)的吸声性能,吸声性能与二氧化硅涂层质量分数和针织物面密度成正相关,涂层工艺不影响纬编针织物的撕裂强度,但会降低织物的透气性能。     

织物上二氧化硅/聚乙烯亚胺光子晶体生色结构的制备

与传统染料的化学色相比,结构色不依靠色素着色,具有高饱和度、清洁环保、不褪色等特点,因而成为研究热点。实验采用溶胶—凝胶法制备二氧化硅纳米球,应用静电和垂直沉积自组装法在织物表面构建光子晶体生色结构薄膜。为保证薄膜与织物界面的牢固性,利用水溶性胶黏剂进行处理。通过激光粒度分析仪、扫描电镜、接触角测量仪、红外光谱仪、摩擦实验等对不同处理的织物进行测试。结果表明：随着氨水用量的增加,二氧化硅纳米球粒径增大;经过二氧化硅/聚乙烯亚胺自组装和水溶性胶黏剂处理后,二氧化硅纳米球可以有序、牢固地黏附于织物表面形成光子晶体结构;织物发生颜色变化,在不同角度下呈现着明显的颜色差异,具有高亲水性与耐摩擦性。     

剪切增稠液浸渍超高分子量聚乙烯织物的防锥刺性能

为提升超高分子量聚乙烯织物的防锥刺性能,采用剪切增稠液对织物进行浸渍复合,制备了柔性液体防 护材料。采用落锤实验测试了不同密度的超高分子量聚乙烯织物及与剪切增稠液复合后织物的防锥刺性能,研究了不同质量分数剪切增稠液的流变性能和浸渍后织物的纱线抽拔性能,并分析了织物复合后的增强机制。实验结果表明：剪切增稠液的增稠效果随着分散相质量分数的增加而增强,剪切增稠液浸渍后织物的纱线抽拔力提高了3.1倍,经剪切增稠液浸渍的织物具有更好的防锥刺效果。剪切增稠液显著提高了纱线的摩擦力,并限制纱线滑移,从而具有更好的防锥刺效果。     

SiO2质量分数对高性能纤维机织物静态防刺性能的影响

为了研究不同浓度的剪切增稠液体对超高分子量聚乙烯纤维机织物静态防刺性能的影响,配制了剪切增稠液体,并与超高分子量聚乙烯纤维机织物复合,制成剪切增稠液体防刺材料,测试了该材料的防刺性能。试验结果表明,剪切增稠液体一聚乙烯纤维机织物静态防刺性能在一定范围内随着SiO2颗粒在剪切增稠液体中占比的增加而增加。在该试验所选的几个百分比浓度中,SiO2质量分数为25％时的静态防刺性能表现最佳。     

机织物/隔热涂层三明治结构复合材料的制备及红外隐身性能

为制备一种红外隐身复合材料,以低发射率机织物作为上下表层,隔热涂层作为中间层,采用热压工艺得到了一种三明治结构复合材料。其中低发射率机织物选取FDY涤纶长丝为经纱,镀银尼龙长丝为纬纱;隔热涂层选取表面改性的SiO₂气凝胶为功能填料,E51环氧树脂为成膜剂。对镀银纤维和SiO₂气凝胶颗粒的形貌结构、机织物的红外发射率、隔热涂层膜的导热系数、复合材料的红外隐身性能等进行了测试与分析,确定了最佳工艺条件。结果表明:当SiO₂气凝胶粒径为15μm、在涂层中的质量分数为12%时,涂层膜的隔热性能最好,导热系数低至0.05835 W/(m·K),同时对应复合材料的红外隐身效果最好,使用复合材料伪装热源目标并用热红外成像仪进行测试,可以得出材料表面与周围环境的图像灰度差和红外辐射温度差最小。     

东华大学科研成果展示

正项目名称:微纳米尺度的织物自清洁改性技术基于项目简介:从工程仿生学角度出发,以荷叶效应为基础,通过纤维形态结构、物理参数设计,确定共混纤维配比及织物组织结构参数,仿制织物表层微米结构;通过溶胶凝胶法对织物表面进行     

超疏水棉织物的简易制备技术

为了制备超疏水棉织物,利用烷基氯硅烷对棉织物进行气相沉积,在棉织物表面生成具有微观粗糙结构的低表面能物质聚硅氧烷,再结合织物本身的屈曲结构,使棉织物具有超疏水自清洁性能,制备方法简易,成本低且不需要昂贵的设备。采用扫描电镜、接触角测定仪、集灰试验等手段观察棉织物的表面形貌,并研究了其超疏水和自清洁性能。结果表明：当甲基三氯硅烷（MTS）与二甲基二氯硅烷（DDS）体积比为5：1,MTS与DDS的总体积为8-10 mL,气相沉积时间为120 min 时,制得棉织物表面的接触角达152.3°,滚动角为2.7°;集灰试验表明沉积后的棉织物具有良好的自清洁功能。     

含氟聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯的制备及其性能

为进一步提高水性聚氨酯涂层剂的拒水性能,以聚醚N210和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）为原料,以羟丙基封端含氟聚硅氧烷为改性剂,以二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为亲水单体,以三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)为扩链单体,合成含氟聚硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯。探讨了DMPA用量、改性剂分子量及用量对乳液及其胶膜性能的影响,并将乳液用于织物涂层整理。结果表明：随着DMPA用量增加,乳液稳定性变好,粒径变小,胶膜疏水性变差;随着改性剂分子量和用量增加,乳液稳定性变差,粒径变大,胶膜疏水性变好;当DMPA用量为5%,改性剂分子量为1694、用量为6%时,水性聚氨酯综合性能达到最佳值,涂层织物接触角为138.2°,静水压为644mm。相对未改性水性聚氨酯,改性水性聚氨酯涂层织物拒水性得到明显改善。     

RSM optimized self-cleaning nano-finishing on polyester/wool fabric pretreated with oxygen plasma

In this study, polyester/wool blended fabric was coated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles. To enhance the adsorption and loading of nanoparticles on wool and polyester fibers, the samples were pretreated by low-temperature oxygen plasma. Citric acid was used to fix the TiO₂ nanoparticles on the fibers. The self-cleaning property of the finished samples was tested under UV-A light. The effect of plasma treatment time besides the concentrations of TiO₂ nanoparticles and citric acid on the self-cleaning properties of the samples was analyzed and optimized using response surface methodology. The surface chemistry and morphology of the samples were studied using Attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectorscopy (ATR-FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscope, respectively. The results showed that plasma treatment has a great effect on the loading of the nanoparticles on the surface of the fibers and enhancing the self-cleaning properties of the finished samples. The plasma-treated samples showed better water absorbency, enhanced tensile strength and approximately the same handle compared to raw samples after coating with TiO₂ nanoparticles.     

Spectral and physical properties organo-silica coated photochromic poly-ethylene terephthalate (PET) fabrics

Abstract

In this study, photochromic fabrics were prepared by incorporating the spirooxazine derivative of 5-chloro-1,3-dyhydro-1,3,3-trimethylspiro[2H-indole-2,3′-[3H]-naphth [2,1-b] [1,4] oxazine on the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric through a sol-gel coating process. The treated fabrics showed good photochromic response under UV irradiation. In this work, three types of silane were used as the silica precursor and the resultant coatings showed a significant difference in their photochromic response such as Kubelka–Munk function (K/S), change in optical density (ΔOD) rate constant and half-life. The coated fabric shows two different absorption maxima and however it confirms that there is strong influence on the type of silane. The functional group of uncoated and sol-gel coated fabrics are analyzed by ATR-FTIR. The type of the silane also influences the physical properties of the coated fabrics. The surface characteristics were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM), which showed significant changes in the surface micro-roughness after coating.     

Preparation and characterization of multifunctional cotton fabric by coating with sonochemically synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticle-flakes and a novel approach to monitor its self-cleaning property

Multifunctional cotton fabric has been prepared by pad-dry-coating with sonochemically synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles. The uniqueness of sonochemical synthesis is that it synthesizes without alkali at near neutral pH and hence the cotton fabric is exposed to less chemical stress. As a result of coating, the fabric shows enhanced mechanical strength, water and stain repellence, antimicrobial properties, UV-blocking capacity and self-cleaning characteristics compared to the uncoated fabric. The self-cleaning property was tested with Trypan Blue dye under sunlight. The attempt of quantifying the self-cleaning process with the rate of decolorization is a novel one. It was observed that about 69% of the colour was removed when the coated fabric was exposed to sunlight for 3 h and 30 min. The fading of colour followed pseudo-first-order kinetics.     

新型蓬盖材料表面防污自洁处理技术的开发

近几年，以高强涤纶工业丝织物为基材、表面涂覆或贴合一层聚氯乙烯(PVC)的新型篷盖材料发展较快，国外通过对PVC涂层表面进行防污自洁处理来提升产品档次，提高产品附加值。文章重点介绍了4种PVC表面防污自洁处理技术，指出尽快开发出PVC表面防污自洁处理技术对提升我国篷盖类产业用纺织品档次具有深远意义。     

负载纳米TiO2织物的制备及甲醛降解

 为提高室内装饰织物对甲醛的吸附能力及过滤纺织材料对甲醛的过滤能力,采用射频磁控溅射方法,在纯棉机织物和涤纶针织物表面负载二氧化钛(TiO₂)功能纳米结构层。利用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分别分析其表面形貌和晶态结构,对2种负载TiO₂织物光催化降解甲醛气体的性能进行了对比分析。实验表明,在相同制备工艺条件下,TiO₂功能层的结构形态有较大区别,且负载纳米TiO₂的棉织物光催化降解甲醛气体的性能优于负载纳米TiO₂的涤纶织物。