热电离飞行时间质谱仪性能评价

本工作介绍了实验室自制的热电离飞行时间质谱仪（TI-TOF-MS）的基本结构、仪器运行参数和性能特点等。离子源产生的离子在推斥电压作用下进入聚焦透镜,然后进入垂直引入反射式的飞行时间质量分析器,最后到达检测器。信号通过数据采集卡处理后传输给计算机,采用编写的LabVIEW软件采集信号和处理数据。结果表明：仪器可测量的质量范围为m/z 6~320,在m/z 208位置的质量分辨率可达2000,2 h质量稳定性为7.76×10^-5,测量²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb和²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb同位素比值的精密度分别为0.85%、0.27%和0.55%。该仪器在研究热电离离子源电离行为、同位素比值测定和多原子离子信号监测等方面具有广泛的应用前景。     

负热电离质谱技术在锇同位素测定中的应用

本文用ＭＡＴ－２６２Ｗ质谱仪研究了负热电离质谱技术测定Ｏｓ同位素组成的一些技术问题，首次采用样品与氧化剂一起点样等方法，配合通氧气，显著地提高了电离效率，所获得的离子流强度明显高于文献值。     

负热电离质谱法测定核燃料裂变产物中钼同位素比值

钼同位素⁹⁵Mo、⁹⁷Mo、⁹⁸Mo、¹⁰⁰Mo是核燃料的重要裂变产物,为了测定辐照后核燃料元件裂变产物中钼同位素比值,以SrCl₂为发射剂,采用负热电离质谱法测定MoO₃^-。在单铼带模式下,钼涂样量为0.1 μg时可获得约2 h稳定离子流,同位素比值测定相对标准偏差（RSD）小于0.5‰。实验使用5个法拉第杯一次跳峰完成7个钼同位素测定,分别采集跳峰前后的m/z 143信号,并选作同位素比值分母,避免信号随时间波动引入误差。通过评价天然钼本底水平,表明质谱测定过程中铼带和试剂本底的干扰可忽略;通过求解六元一次方程组,可扣除MoO₃^-基团中氧同位素干扰;通过测定锆、钌、钼混合样品,表明该方法可减小锆、钌同量异位素干扰。实验对天然钼及裂变产物钼同位素比值进行了测定,通过数据修正扣除燃料元件中天然钼干扰,可获得燃料元件裂变产物中钼同位素比值。     

自动静态双接收高精度热电离质谱法测定硼同位素

在以Cs₂BO₂⁺离子进行硼同位素测定时,由于所测定的两种离子¹³³Cs₂¹¹B¹⁶O₂⁺（m/z 309）和¹³³Cs₂¹⁰B¹⁶O₂⁺（m/z 308）具有极小的相对质量差（0.032%）,一般的商业同位素热电离质谱计无法实现对这两种离子的同时全接收。为此,一些学者对某些商业仪器进行了改造或采用zoom技术,基本实现了对硼同位素高精度测定。本实验利用特制的Triton热电离质谱仪,以Cs₂BO₂⁺离子流的自动静态双接收进行硼同位素组成的测定。研究了不同离子流强度和不同带电流对250 ng标准样品NIST 951 H₃BO₃测定值及测试精度的影响,结果表明,当带电流在1 150~1 350 mA之间变化或者离子流稳定在0.1~10 V之间时,标准样品的硼同位素比值在4.052 63 ~ 4.053 38区间变化。导致二者一致的实验现象是由带电流强度造成的,当带电流越高时,产生的离子流相应也越高,因此可以采用相同的带电流控制不同样品的测试值和测试精度。在此基础上通过优化测试条件, 摸索出硼同位素自动测试程序,并用该程序对标准样品及实际样品进行测定,无论是测试结果还是测定精度均能达到手动测试效果,节省了人力,提高了工作效率。     

铼饿负热电离质谱测定中的氧同位素校正

本文讨论了负热电离质谱法（NTIMS）测定Re和Os同位素组成中氧同位素校正的思路和方法，并用实验验证了在进杆氧同位素校正时应按等概率模型进行计算。     

高功率激光电离飞行时间质谱技术

对于传统的高功率激光质谱存在的关键问题,如离子动能分散、多价离子和多原子离子干扰、基体效应和分馏效应等,高功率激光电离飞行时间质谱(LI-TOF MS)通过仪器结构设计及实验条件的优化等可以很好地解决。目前,LI-TOF MS的应用包括地质和金属样品中元素的定性和无标样半定量分析、非金属元素的测定、元素表面成像分析和薄层的深度剖析、液体残渣分析、复杂生物材料中元素组成的确定,甚至对于有机金属化合物也可以同时获得分子、碎片和元素信息。本工作综述了LI-TOF MS技术的发展历程,分析了其在不同领域中的优势,并对其应用领域拓展的新方向和仪器的改进目标进行了展望。     

基于膜进样的紫外光电离飞行时间质谱仪研制及其在工作场所苯系物检测中的应用

近年来,挥发性有机物（VOCs）快速、在线分析的应用需求促进了各类VOCs在线分析质谱仪的发展。本研究自行研制基于膜进样技术的小型紫外光电离飞行时间质谱仪,并阐述设计原理、性能表征及其对工作场所VOCs的检测应用。仪器采用聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）作为进样界面,既保证了仪器的真空,又起到富集VOCs并降低检出限的作用。电离源使用发射10.6 eV光子的氪灯作为光源,可电离低于10.6 eV电离能的VOCs,并产生分子离子峰,这一特性便于谱图识别与高通量分析。飞行时间质量分析器采用小型化设计,总长度小于360 mm。结果表明,该仪器在m/z 170处全高半峰宽（FWHM）分辨率为2 000,苯、甲苯、对二甲苯的检出限在5×10^-10~3×10^-9 mol/mol之间。将该仪器用于工作场所中苯系物成分分析,取得了良好的靶向分析结果。     

地球科学中热电离质谱法的进展

对应用于地球科学领域的几种热电离质谱新方法的进展进行了综述,包括Sr、Nd同位素稀释分析的分馏校正、Re—Os负离子质谱法、热电离质谱铀系法、B、Cl稳定同位素测定及La—Ce法。     

Electron ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry: historical review and current applications

This review presents an overview of electron ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (EITOFMS), beginning with its early development to the employment of modern high-resolution electron ionization sources. The EITOFMS is demonstrated to be ideally suited for analytical and basic chemical physics studies. Studies of the formation of positive ions by electron ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy have been responsible for many of the known ionization potentials of molecules and radicals, as well as accepted bond dissociation energies for ions and neutral molecules. The application of TOFMS has been particularly important in the area of negative ion physics and chemistry. A wide variety of negative ion properties have been discovered and studied by using these methods including: autodetachment lifetimes, metastable dissociation, Rydberg electron transfer reactions and field detachment, SF(6) Scavenger method for detecting temporary negative ion states, and many others.     

电喷雾质谱新方法及在生命分析化学中的应用

电喷雾质谱是目前应用最广泛的生物质谱技术之一。复杂生物基质对质谱分析的选择性和准确性提出挑战 ,迫切需要在质谱方法学上有所发展。本文介绍具有广泛应用前景的几种电喷雾质谱新方法的原理和特点及若干应用实例 ,对生物质谱的发展趋势和在生命分析化学中的应用前景进行展望     

电喷雾质谱新方法及在生命分析化学中的应用

电喷雾质谱是目前应用最广泛的生物质谱技术之一.复杂生物基质对质谱分析的选择性和准确性提出挑战,迫切需要在质谱方法学上有所发展.本文介绍具有广泛应用前景的几种电喷雾质谱新方法的原理和特点及若干应用实例,对生物质谱的发展趋势和在生命分析化学中的应用前景进行展望.     

Four decades of joy in mass spectrometry

Tremendous developments in mass spectrometry have taken place in the last 40 years. This holds for both the science and the instrumental revolutions in this field. In chemistry the research was heavily focused on organic molecules that upon electron ionization fragmented via complex mechanistic pathways as shown by isotopic labeling experiments. These studies, including ion structure determinations, were performed with use of double focusing mass spectrometers of both conventional and reversed geometry, and equipped with various types of metastable ion scanning and collision-induced dissociation techniques developed by physical and analytical chemists. Time-resolved mass spectrometry by use of the field ionization kinetics method, developed by physical chemists, was another powerful way to unravel details of unimolecular gas phase ion dissociations. Then the development of new ionization methods, such as desorption chemical ionization, field desorption, and fast atom bombardment permitted not only to analyze unvolatile, thermally labile and higher molecular weight compounds, but also to study their chemical behavior in the gas phase, initially with use of double focusing instruments and later on with multisector and hybrid mass spectrometers. These ionization methods also enabled to study organometallic compounds and increasingly the field of medium-sized to large biomolecules, the latter being exploded in the last decade by the development of electrospray- and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Another area of research concerned the bimolecular chemistry of organic ions with organic molecules in the gas phase. Initially this was performed with use of among others drift-cell ion cyclotron resonance spectroscopy, that later on was replaced by the developed method of ion trapping and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance. Combination of the latter with the afore-mentioned ionization methods has shifted also in this case the research on organic molecules to organometallic/inorganic systems, and predominantly to biomolecules in the last decade. This invited review will describe the research efforts made by the author's group over the last 40 years together with some personal experiences during his career.     

Analysis of boron-10 in soft tissue by dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry

We report here a preliminary study in which dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has provided images of boron‐10 (¹⁰B) in biological tissue as used in research into boron neutron capture therapy. Cultured tumour cells incubated in media containing known concentrations of a ¹⁰B‐containing compound, p‐boronophenylalanine (BPA), and intracranial tumour tissue from animals previously injected with BPA were analysed by an in‐house constructed SIMS. Investigations were conducted in positive secondary ion detection mode using a 25‐keV, 5‐nA gallium primary ion source. For calibration purposes, tissue standards were also analysed and their boron‐to‐carbon signal ratios correlated to bulk boron concentrations measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP‐AES). Ion maps of ¹⁰B, ¹²C, ²³Na and ³⁹K showing gross tissue and cell features were acquired. SIMS and ICP‐AES standard measurements were in good agreement. Tissue regions with high or low ¹⁰B concentrations were identified along with ¹⁰B hotspots in normal brain areas. Cultured cells revealed the intracellular localization of ¹⁰B. SIMS is capable of producing images showing the distribution of ¹⁰B at p.p.m. levels in cells and in normal and tumour‐bearing brain tissue.     

傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱的最新进展和展望

对傅里叶变换离子回旋共振(FT-ICR)质谱的基本原理进行了简要介绍,从离子回旋频率、回旋半径、离子速度、离子能量等几个方面阐明其基本概念,阐述了离子激发、检测原理.对离子同旋共振质谱与近年来新兴的常压离子化技术联用的最新进展进行了评述,对其发展趋势进行展望.由于常压离子化技术能够将复杂样品进行直接离子化,无需样品预处理或只需少量样品处理过程,常压离子化方法与FT-ICR质谱的联用必将拓宽其应用领域并成为质谱技术研究的新热点.     

Measurement of trace atmospheric species by chemical ionization mass spectrometry: speciation of reactive nitrogen and future directions

Chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) has proven to be a powerful method for sensitive, fast time response (t approximately 1 sec) measurements of various atmospheric compounds with limits of detection (LOD) of the order of tens of pptv and lower. The rapid time response of CIMS is particularly well suited for airborne measurements and its application has largely grown out of airborne measurements in the stratosphere and upper troposphere. This work reviews some of the advances in CIMS technology that have occurred in the past decade. In particular, CIMS methods for selective measurement of reactive nitrogen species (e.g., HNO3, HO2NO2, PAN, and NH3) in the lower atmosphere (altitudes approximately 0-8 km) are described. In addition, recent developments in CIMS technology for the selective measurement of gas-phase hydroperoxides and aerosol chemical composition are briefly described.     

Aerosol laser time-of-flight mass spectrometer for the on-line measurement of secondary organic aerosol in smog chamber

An aerosol laser time of flight mass spectrometer (ALTOFMS) that can be used for real-time measurement of the size and composition of individual aerosol particles has been designed and utilized to provide on-line measurement of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles resulted from Cl-initiated oxidation of toluene in smog chamber. Both the size and chemical compositions of individual aerosol particles were obtained in real-time. According to a large number of single aerosol diameters and mass spectra, the size distribution and chemical composition of aerosol were determined statistically. Experimental results indicate that aerosol particles produced from Cl-initiated oxidation of toluene were predominantly in the form of PM 2.5 particles, and nine positive laser desorption/ionization mass spectra peaks: m/z 18, 29, 30, 44, 46, 52, 65, 77, and 94 may come from the fragment ions of the products of the SOA: aromatic aldehydes, aromatic acids, phenolic compounds, and nitrogenated organic compounds. These results were in good agreement with those ones from previous Cl-initiated oxidation of toluene. These were demonstrated that ALTOFMS is a useful tool to reveal the formation and transformation processes of SOA particles in smog chamber.     

Characterization of harmonics and multi-charged peaks obtained by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

The differences between harmonics and multi-charged peaks in mass spectrometry are often not obvious. This work conducts experiments using both electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) sources with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS) to investigate the difference between harmonics and multi-charged peaks for the first time. In particular, organometallic compounds, which were characterized by the isotope distribution in ESI, were investigated in detail. A comparison of the peaks of the three charges with the three frequency doubling results at high-resolution mass spectra demonstrated that these peaks may be clearly differentiated from one another. Fullerene (C₆₀) was characterized using APCI in the negative mode by FTICR MS provided further evidence. In addition, harmonics are unavoidable, but can be relatively weakened. These results are helpful to obtain accurate and comprehensive spectral information from FTICR MS.