纳米CaCO_3/SiO_2复合粒子对硅橡胶性能的影响

硅橡胶力学性能差,需要补强,这是硅橡胶产品开发的关键。本文报道用溶胶沉淀法制备具有核-壳结构的纳米CaCO3/SiO2复合粒子,将该复合粒子替代部分二氧化硅作为硅橡胶的补强材料。通过实验确定它对硅橡胶的力学性能和热稳定性能的影响。比较用纳米CaCO3/SiO2复合粒子以及用CaCO3补强的硅橡胶,前者不仅物理力学性能较佳,而且能降低材料的成本。但后者耐热性能较好。     

纳米CaCO3粒子填充PVC复合材料的结构与性能的研究

研究纳米CaCO3／PVC复合材料的微观结构、力学性能及流变性能，SEM观察复合材料冲击缺口的断面微观形态和纳米CaCO3粒子在PVC中的分散情况．结果表明：在PVC共混体系中加入纳米CaCO3可明显提高材料的韧性．当CaCO3用量在10份左右时，纳米CaCO3／PVC复合材料的冲击强度迟到最大值，是普通CaCO3／PVC复合材料冲击强度的2倍，且复合材料的拉伸强度也略有提高．在流变学研究方面，纳米CaCO3／PVC复合材料与普通CaCO3／PVC复合材料同是假塑性流体．     

纳米CaCO3改性聚氨酯复合材料的力学性能研究

利用逐步聚合法制备PU／纳米CaCO3复合材料,研究了纳米CaCO3含量对复合材料力学性能和热性能的影响。实验结果表明：纳米CaCO3粒子的加入,使得复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率等力学性能以及复合材料的耐磨性、硬度、热性能都有所上升。综合所有实验数据判断当纳米CaCO3粒子的含量为6％时复合材料的力学综合性能及热稳定性更好。     

PP/纳米CaCO3/木粉复合材料研究

研究了不同表面处理剂改性木粉填充回收PP的力学性能、加工性能．采用扫描电镜观察了纳米碳酸钙包覆木粉的形态,并对其耐热性能进行了分析．结果表明：纳米碳酸钙能有效提高木粉的耐热性;表面处理剂不同,改性效果也不一样,用EPDM-g-MAH改性的PP／纳米CaCO3／木粉体系力学性能最佳．     

疏水纳米二氧化硅溶胶 在高温硫化硅橡胶中的应用

将自制的不同比表面的疏水纳米二氧化硅溶胶以不同用量添加到甲基乙烯基硅橡胶(VMQ)中进行补强,以考察比表面和用量对所得高温硫化(HTV)硅橡胶的机械力学性能的影响。另制备3种由不同型号气相纳米二氧化硅补强的HTV硅橡胶,与疏水纳米二氧化硅溶胶补强的HTV硅橡胶进行机械力学性能对比。结果表明:在VMQ中应用时,疏水纳米二氧化硅溶胶具有更高补强能力,仅30份疏水纳米二氧化硅溶胶就大大超过40份气相纳米二氧化硅才能达到的补强效果。在分析两者的比表面、界面性质及透射电镜观测结果基础上,初步探讨了造成两类填料不同补强效果的可能原理。     

纳米TiO2／水性聚氨酯复合膜的制备及其性能研究

用纳米微粒直接分散法制备了纳米TiO2／水性聚氨酯复合膜,考察了纳米TiO2对复合膜性能的影响．粘度分析表明：纳米TiO2有增粘效果．粒径、SEM和AFM分析表明：添加纳米TiO2不影响聚氨酯乳液的稳定性,复合粒子仍然以纳米级存在,纳米TiO2能均匀分散于复合膜中,并对复合膜表面的平整度无影响．接触角和卫生性能测试表明：复合膜都没有防水性．机械性能测试表明：添加纳米TiO2的复合膜具有更好的力学性能．     

纳米Al_2O_3分散性对硅橡胶复合物介电性影响

为了研究纳米粒子的分散性与纳米Al_O_3/硅橡胶复合物介电性的关系,分别采用将纳米Al_O_3粉体与硅橡胶直接混合的方法和先将纳米Al_O_3粉体制备成浓度为10%的分散液,再将分散液与硅橡胶混合的方法制备了质量分数为1%、2%、3%和4%的纳米Al_O_3/硅橡胶复合物,利用透射电镜TEM表征纳米Al_O_3粒子在复合物中的分散性,可以看出,方法二制备的复合硅橡胶中纳米Al_O_3分散良好.测试了复合物的空间电荷特性、介电谱特性和电导电流特性,测试结果表明,方法二制备的复合硅橡胶中空间电荷积聚减少,载流子迁移率增加,相对介电常数和电导电流密度减小,电老化阈值增大,说明复合硅橡胶的介电性受纳米粒子分散性影响.     

纳米CaCO3改性环氧胶粘剂

研究了活性纳米CaCO3对环氧胶粘剂的改性。结果表明,改性后的环氧胶粘剂性能得到很大改善,其力学性能、粘接性能、柔韧性能以及热性能均得到提高,能完全取代昂贵的白炭黑对环氧胶粘剂的补强作用,降低了成本。用异佛尔酮二胺（IPD）与酰胺基胺树脂作环氧胶粘剂的复合固化剂,可提高胶层的玻璃化温度,又可改善胶层的韧性。     

纳米CaCO3改性环氧胶粘剂

研究了活性纳米CaCO3对环氧胶粘剂的改性.结果表明,改性后的环氧胶粘剂性能得到很大改善,其力学性能、粘接性能、柔韧性能以及热性能均得到提高,能完全取代昂贵的白炭黑对环氧胶粘剂的补强作用,降低了成本.用异佛尔酮二胺(IPD)与酰胺基胺树脂作环氧胶粘剂的复合固化剂,可提高胶层的玻璃化温度,又可改善胶层的韧性.     

纳米CaCO_3表面有机化处理

采用水性体系对纳米CaCO3进行表面处理。XPS、FT-IR、TGA分析表明,硅烷偶联剂KH-570能与纳米CaCO3生成Si O Ca键,从而化学健接到CaCO3粒子表面。TEM分析表明,改性后的纳米CaCO3能有效地以初始粒子结构进行分散。     

Preparation and Properties of Heat Resistant Polylactic Acid(PLA)/Nano-SiO_2 Composite Filament

In order to improve the thermal properties of polylactic acid(PLA) filament,nano-SiO_2 was applied to mix with PLA,then they were spun as composite filament by melt-spinning.The dispersion of nano SiO_2 and the fracture surfaces of filaments were studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The properties of composite filament,such as orientation degree,mechanical properties,and surface friction properties,were analyzed.The thermal performances of composite filament were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and thermo gravimetric analysis(TGA).The results showed that the nano-SiO_2 modified by 5% KH-550 could disperse evenly and loosely in nano-scale,and 1 wt% and 3 wt% nano-SiO_2 dispersed throughout PLA evenly.As the quantity of nano-SiO_2 increased,the properties of composite filament,such as orientation degree,friction coefficient,thermal decomposition temperature,and glass transition temperature,increased more or less.The breaking tenacity increased when 1 wt% SiO_2 was added in PLA,but declined when 3 wt% SiO_2 was added.     

Preparation of Poly(o-toluidine)/Nano ZrO_2/Epoxy Composite Coating and Its Application for Corrosion Protection of Steel

The main objective was to study the anticorrosion performance of poly(o-toluidine)/nano ZrO_2/epoxy composite coating.Poly(o-toluidine)/nano ZrO_2 composite was prepared by in situ polymerization of o-toluidine monomer in the presence of nano ZrO_2 particles.Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),UV-visible spectroscopy(UV-vis),X-ray diffraction(XRD),Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and Thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) were used to characterize the composition and structure of the composite.Poly(o-toluidine)/nano ZrO_2 composite was mixed with epoxy resin through a solution blending method and the three components poly(o-toluidine)/nano ZrO_2/epoxy composite coating was coated onto the surface of steel sample by the brush coating method.The anticorrosion performance of poly(o-toluidine)/nano ZrO_2/epoxy composite coating on steel sample was studied by polarization curve and electrochemical impendence spectroscopy in 3.5% Na Cl solution as corrosion environment and also compared with that of poly(o-toluidine)/epoxy composite coating and pure epoxy coating.It was observed that the composite coating containing poly(otoluidine)/nano ZrO_2 composite has got higher corrosion protection ability than that of poly(o-toluidine).The electrochemical measurement results demonstrated that poly(o-toluidine) fillers improve the electrochemical anticorrosion performance of epoxy coating and the addition of nano ZrO_2 particles increases the tortuosity of the diffusion pathway of corrosive substances.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备无机纳米杂化聚酰亚胺薄膜

通过溶胶-凝胶法合成纳米二氧化硅及氧化铝溶胶,将其掺入聚酰胺酸基体中,制得二氧化硅-氧化铝／聚酰亚胺纳米杂化薄膜,利用红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜及热失重法对薄膜的结构、微观形貌及热性能进行表征．结果表明,薄膜材料中SiO2和Al203粒子分散均匀,与有机相存在键合;材料热分解温度有所提高．     

红外技术在砂塑复合材料研究中的应用

本文以红外光谱法从化学键的角度对几种偶联剂与砂塑复合材料中填料(SiO_2)的相互作用作了探讨,为砂塑复合材料的增强提供了一些研究方法和理论依据.     

碳纳米管与三维石墨烯协同提高导热硅脂的热性能

以二甲基硅油为基础油,碳纳米管(carbon nanotubes, CNT)/三维石墨烯(3D graphene, 3D rGO)复合碳材料为导热填料制备导热硅脂。研究表明,仅以CNT为导热填料时,管径小而管长长的CNT更有利于改善硅脂热性能。当总导热填料量为6%, CNT/3D rGO复合碳材料中CNT和3D rGO质量比为3:1时,导热硅脂的热导率提高近26%。CNT的加入对3D rGO起到了分隔和桥连的作用,短而细的CNT更有利于三维热传导网络的形成,进而可提高导热硅脂的热传导性能。     

Al2O3／SiC（p）复合陶瓷力学性能研究

利用压痕强度技术系统研究了引入纳米、亚微米和微米粒径的ＳｉＣ颗粒对Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷力学性能的影响．实验结果表明，微米级ＳｉＣ颗粒具有相对较好的增韧作用，纳米级ＳｉＣ颗粒具有相对较好的增强作用．复合陶瓷试样的断裂韧性受残余热应力和裂纹偏折作用共同影响．ＳｉＣ颗粒引入可以改善复合陶瓷表面抛光质量，减小缺陷尺寸，从而提高了试样的强度．     

Properties of Alkali-activated Yellow River Sediment-slag Composite Material

In order to consume the Yellow River sediment as much as possible and improve the longterm stability of the Yellow River, Yellow River sediment was utilized as the main raw material to produce a composite material. Ca(OH)_2 was used as alkali-activator to activate the active SiO_2 and Al_2O_3 compositions in Yellow River sediment. 10 wt% slag was added into the mixture to further improve the strength of the composites. The effect of activity rate of the Yellow River sediment and dosage of Ca(OH) _2 on the compressive strength of the Yellow River sediment-slag composite material at different curing ages was researched. XRD, SEM/EDS, light microscope and FTIR were used to further explore the products and the microstructure of the composite material. Results showed that the active ratio of sediment had a great influence on the compressive strength of specimen. In addition, the compressive strength of specimen increased with the increase of Ca(OH)_2dosage and curing age. When the dosage of Ca(OH)_2 was more than 5 wt% as well as the curing age reached 90 days, the compressive strength of the composite material could meet the engineering requirement. In the alkali-activated process, the main product was hydrated calcium silicate(C-S-H) gel, which filled up the gaps among the sediment particles and decreased the porosity of the specimen. Moreover, the CaCO_3 produced by the carbonization of the C-S-H gel and excess Ca(OH)_2 also played a role on the strength.     

Mechanical Properties Amelioration of Hybrid Composites by Concomitant Synergy Between Graphene Oxide and Silica Nanoparticles

氧化石墨烯和二氧化硅纳米颗粒协同作用下的

复合材料力学性能改善

Anchalee Duongthipthewa, 杨树明*,王一鸣

（西安交通大学 机械制造系统工程国家重点实验室,西安 710049）

创新点说明：

本文提出将氧化石墨烯和纳米二氧化硅颗粒组成的纳米复合材料作为填充物添加到环氧树脂/碳纤维复合材料体系中,用于提升其机械性能和湿润环境下的抗腐蚀性。

研究目的：

通过实验研究了氧化石墨烯和纳米二氧化硅颗粒组成的纳米复合材料作为填充物对环氧树脂/碳纤维复合材料体系的机械性能增强作用,以及在湿润环境下的抗腐蚀性。

研究方法：

本文通过真空辅助树脂传递模塑（VARTM）方法制备了环氧树脂/碳纤维复合材料样品,同时也通过该方法向复合材料体系中添加了不同分量的氧化石墨烯和纳米二氧化硅颗粒组成的纳米复合填料;通过三点弯曲测试、冲击实验、硬度测试和动态力学分析等方法对所制备样品的弯曲强度、冲击强度、硬度等机械性能进行了测量;通过分别在纯水和盐水中浸泡2周,对样品的吸湿性、烘干后的重量保留和性能保留进行了分析测试。

结果：

实验结果表明,对于添加了氧化石墨烯和纳米二氧化硅颗粒组成的纳米复合材料作为填充物的环氧树脂/碳纤维复合材料体系,其机械性能表现出全面的明显提升,包括弯曲强度、冲击强度、硬度等;纳米二氧化硅分量的提高还会使其性能得到进一步提升;对于含有复合纳米填充物的样品,其暴露在湿润环境中时虽然吸湿度较高,但烘干后重量损失反而较小,而且再次对其机械性能进行测试后发现其性能保留程度也较高;同样的,含有高分量纳米二氧化硅的样品性能表现最优。为探究其增强原理,通过扫描电子显微镜对样品断面进行了分析。

结论：

实验结果显示,复合填充物的存在使整个复合材料体系的机械强度得到提升,其根本原因在于复合填充材料的存在使环氧树脂与碳纤维骨架的结合更加紧密,在收到外力作用时应力得以迅速传递避免累积,扫描电子显微镜的结果也支持该结论。

关键词：复合材料,纳米填充,机械性能,热分析,吸湿性

     

Properties of functionalized graphene/room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber composites prepared by an In-situ reduction method

Functionalized graphene oxide (FGO) was prepared by treating graphene oxide with γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (KH-550) before the mixture was dispersed into α, ω-dihydroxy polydimethylsiloxane to get room temperature vulcanized (RTV) silicone rubber composites by solution casting. The cured composites were then reduced with hydrazine hydrate to obtain functionalized graphene (FG)/RTV silicone rubber composites. The structures of FGO and the resultant composites were characterized by atomic force microscopy, FT-IR spectra and X-ray diffraction. KH-550 was found to be grafted onto graphene sheets, leading to an increased interlayer spacing. Significant improvements in thermal and mechanical properties were obtained. Both the FGO/RTV silicone rubber composite contain 1.0 wt% of FGO, and its reduced product showed an increase of one-step weight loss temperature with 61 ℃ and 133 ℃ higher than that of pure silicone rubber. Tensile strength and elongation at break of FG/RTV silicone rubber composite (with 0.5 wt% FGO content) increased by 175% and 67%, respectively, compared with those of pure silicone rubber.