浑水水力分离清水装置的流场数值模拟

对新型净水装置-浑水水力分享清水装置内部清水流场进行三给数值模拟。应用雷诺应力模型建立数学模型，采用有限体积法离散方程，运用SIMPLEC算法进行求解，初步得到浑水水力分享清水装置清水流场的颁规律。经分析发现，该装置内的流动是典型的三维非轴对称流场，其中的切向流速分布呈现出明显的强迫涡特征，其垂直面上，形成一内侧向下、外侧向上的环形流动。同时，通过与试验结果进行对比，证明利用雷诺应力模型可以有效模拟装置内的清水流场。     

水电站机组冷却供水射流泵流场模拟及性能预测

本文应用雷诺方程及Ｋ－ε模型对水电站机组冷却供水的调节和非调节式液体射流泵流场进行了数值模型，并导出了调节式液体射流泵基本方程及其简化计算公式，通过试验资料进行了初步验证。     

水电站机组冷却供水射流系流场模拟及性能预测

本文应用雷诺方程及ｋ－ε模型对水电站机组冷却供水的调节和非调节式液体射流泵流场进行了数值模拟，并导出了调节式液体射流泵基本方程及其简化计算公式，通过试验资料进行了初步验证．     

各向异性k—ε模型研究

本文放弃湍流粘性假设，直接从雷诺应力输动方程推导出雷诺应力显式表式。利用这个表达工重新构造动量方程，引入各向异性ｋ方程和ε方程，建立了新的湍流数学模型－各向异性ｋ－ε模型。利用实验结果和后台阶流场计算结果验证表明：这个雷诺应力表达式大大优于湍流粘性凤，由此建立的各向异性ｋ－ε模型不仅能够准确地模拟复杂流场的速度，而且能够成功地反映流场的湍动能，雷诺应力等湍流特征量，对回流区长度的模拟也非常成功。     

泵站进水流道三维紊流数值模拟及水力优化设计

采用直接求解三维雷诺平均Ｎ－Ｓ方程和标准ｋ－ε紊流模型方程组的方法，对大中型泵站进水流道内的流场进行了数值模拟，并进而对具有复杂几何形状的进水流道进行了水力优化计算，经模型试验验证，说明水力优化设计的进水流道获得了十分优良的水力性能。     

船体黏性非均匀伴流场中螺旋桨非定常水动力性能预报研究

采用滑移网格技术模拟螺旋桨的旋转,使用CFD前处理软件ICEM CFD划分流场网格,运用基于求解RANS方程的CFD软件数值模拟了螺旋桨的水动力性能.预报了均匀流场中三个不同类型螺旋桨的水动力性能.针对非均匀伴流场采用两种不同的处理方法,研究了两个不同螺旋桨的非定常水动力性能.讨论了基于滑移网格技术的网格划分方法、边界层网格的处理方法和计算稳定性的判断方法等影响计算精度的关键因素,分析了不同湍流模式对预报结果的影响.预报结果显示,船体伴流场的不均匀性导致了桨叶表面压力分布随桨叶的位置不同而发生变化,且计算值和试验值吻合的很好.     

湖泊三维流场数值模拟及其在东湖的应用

该文精细化模拟了湖泊流场的时空变化,建立了?坐标系下的湖泊三维水动力数值模型。该模型采用非结构三角形网格和垂向?坐标来剖分计算区域,空间上采用有限体积法离散三维水动力方程组,时间上采用模式分裂技术,外模求解中,采用修正的四阶龙格库塔格式求解二维垂向积分方程时变项,运用Osher格式计算跨边界法向通量,获得水深分布和垂向平均流速。求解三维内模动量方程时,模型采用显示与隐式相结合的方法求解三维水流运动方程组,获得三维流场细节。在数值模拟中全面引入三维GIS技术来辅助完成前处理、后处理与可视化任务,以提高建模效率和减低建模成本。并以武汉东湖为研究示范,对不同气候条件下湖泊的三维流场结构和变化规律进行了深入分析,验证了三维水动力数值求解方法的有效性。     

二维大涡模拟在双流道式污水泵叶轮流场分析中的应用

本文采用高斯型滤波函数对Navier—Stokes方程进行滤波处理，再引入亚格子雷诺应力模型推导出了在水力机械内部流场计算中实用的二维大涡模拟方程，并在贴体坐标系下得到计算平面二维大涡模拟方程及其离散形式，编制了数值计算程序，应用该程序计算了双流道式污水泵叶轮内部流场，得到了满意的速度分布和压力分布规律。在此基础上，我们对双流道式污水泵的叶轮进行了优化设计。     

基于直接数值模拟数据和神经网络的湍流封闭模型构建

雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程(Reynolds-averagedNavier-StokesRANS)是目前工程上高效数值模拟湍流的基本方法,但这一方法需要给出关于雷诺应力的湍流封闭模型。该文从环形方管流场的直接数值模拟(DirectNumerical Simulation,DNS)数据出发,构建了一种基于神经网络的湍流封闭模型。文中利用环形方管流场DNS结果中的平均速度场及其梯度场作为流动特征输入量,与雷诺应力张量中各分量分别建立神经网络映射,从而构造出平均速度场及其梯度场与湍流雷诺应力的非参数化映射关系。计算结果表明,通过对环形方管DNS数据的深度学习,神经网络模型可有效地表达湍流时平均流场与雷诺应力之间的映射关系,并且能够准确地重构DNS所给出的雷诺应力,进而采用RANS基本方程捕捉到传统湍流模型中难以模拟的湍流驱动二次流现象,为新型湍流封闭模型的构建及其工程计算的实现提供创新思路。     

伶仃洋三维流场数值模拟

使用σ坐标变换技术，将（ｘ，ｙ，ｚ，ｔ）坐标系中的三维非线性Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程转换成（ｘ，ｙ，ａ，ｔ）坐标系中的方程，采用有限差分方法进行离散求解，用垂向（σ向）积分的连续方程求解水位，用动量方程求解流速垂直结构，在水平方向上使用非交错正方网格，σ向等间距分层，从而建立三维流场数学模型。应用本模型对多口门、多岛屿、地形及岸线复杂的伶洋的枯季、洪季流场进行了数值模拟。将模拟结果与多个水位、流速同步测站的实测资料进行比较，无论是水位、垂线平均流速、流向过程线还是流速的垂向分布形式与量值，二者均吻合较好。根据模拟计算结果，对伶洋流场的平面及空间结构特征进行了分析。     

An integral calculation approach for numerical simulation of cavitating flow around a marine propeller behind the ship hull

In this paper, the unsteady cavitating turbulent flow around a marine propeller is simulated based on the unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes(URANS) with emphasis on the hull-propeller interaction by an integral calculation approach, which means the propeller and hull are treated as a whole when the cavitating flow is calculated. The whole calculational domain is split to an inner rotating domain containing a propeller and an outer domain containing a hull. And the two split sections are connected together in ANSYS CFX by using the GGI interfaces and the transient rotor stator frame change/mixing model. The alternate rotation model is employed for the advection term in the momentum equations in order to reduce the numerical error. Comparison of predictions with measurements shows that the propeller thrust coefficient can be predicted satisfactorily. The unsteady cavitating flow around the propeller behind the ship hull wake shows quasi-periodic features including cavity inception, growth and shrinking. These features are effectively reproduced in the simulations which compare well to available experimental data. In addition, significant pressure fluctuations on the ship hull surface induced by the unsteady propeller cavitation are compared with experimental data at monitoring points on the hull surface. The predicted amplitudes of the first components corresponding to the first blade passing frequencies match well with the experimental data. The maximum error between the predictions and the experimental data for the pressure pulsations is around 8%, which is acceptable in most engineering applications.     

带自由液面的艇/桨干扰特性数值模拟与验证研究

带自由液面的艇/桨干扰特性研究是水动力学领域的重点与难点.此文采用数值模拟方法研究了潜艇近水面航行时的艇/桨干扰特性.首先介绍了计算方法:流场采用RANS方法结合RNGk -ε湍流模型求解;自由液面捕捉采用VOF方法;螺旋桨运转采用滑移网格方法;带螺旋桨潜艇表面与计算域内全部采用结构化网格进行离散.然后,对于SUBOFF潜艇模型在不同浸深下的阻力特性进行了数值模拟,分析了自由液面对于模型阻力的定量影响.最后,对于带螺旋桨的SUBOFF潜艇模型在深潜与近水面状态下的艇后推力、扭矩进行了数值模拟,分析了自航因子,研究了艇/桨干扰特性.计算结果与试验结果进行了详细的对比分析,验证了计算方法与计算结果的可靠性.本文的工作可为将来构建数值拖曳水池提供技术支撑.     

船舶螺旋桨低频噪声研究

螺旋桨低频噪声构成了船舶中高速航行时整个辐射噪声中的重要分量。螺旋桨的低频离散谱噪声是由船尾伴流场和叶片的相互作用引起的，而低频宽带噪声是由船尾粘性湍流场和叶片的相互作用产徨的。利用升力面理论和声学方法得到的离散谱噪声的预报公式，对螺旋桨直径、侧斜变化对离散谱噪 声的影响作了数值计算，并得到了工程上有实用意义的结果。在分析螺旋桨低频宽带器材怕成因的基础上得到了理论计算方法，并作为数值计算。整个方法     

Numerical estimation of bank-propeller-hull interaction effect on ship manoeuvring using CFD method

This paper presents a numerical investigation of ship manoeuvring under the combined effect of bank and propeller. The incompressible turbulent flow with free surface around the self-propelled hull form is simulated using a commercial CFD software(ANSYS-FLUENT). In order to estimate the influence of the bank-propeller effect on the hydrodynamic forces acting on the ship, volume forces representing the propeller are added to Navier-Stokes equations. The numerical simulations are carried out using the equivalent of experiment conditions. The validation of the CFD model is performed by comparing the numerical results to the available experimental data. For this investigation, the impact of Ship-Bank distance and ship speed on the bank effect are tested with and without propeller. An additional parameter concerning the advance ratio of the propeller is also tested.     

两层黏性流体中直立圆柱体绕流的三维数值模拟

研究了两层流体中直立贯底圆柱体的三维黏性绕流问题.以不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程为控制方程,应用VOF方法追踪两层流体的内界面,建立了该问题的数值模拟方法.成功地数值模拟了两层流体中圆柱体黏性绕流产生的三维尾涡特征,表明了流体的密度分层效应对直立贯底圆柱体的尾涡特性和阻力系数都是有影响的.在海洋立管涡激振动的研究中,考虑流体的密度分层效应是重要的.     

The method to control the submarine horseshoe vortex by breaking the vortex core

The quality of the inflow across the propeller is closely related with the hydrodynamic performance and the noise characteristics of the propeller. For a submarine, with a horseshoe vortex generated at the junction of the main body and the appendages, the submarine wake is dominated by a kind of highly non-uniform flow field, which has an adverse effect on the performance of the submarine propeller. In order to control the horseshoe vortex and improve the quality of the submarine wake, the flow field around a submarine model is simulated by the detached eddies simulation （DES） method, and the vortex configuration is displayed using the second invariant of the velocity derivative tensor. The state and the transition process of the horseshoe vortex are analyzed, then a modified method to break the vortex core by a vortex baffle is proposed. The flow numerical simulation is carried out to study the effect of this method. Numerical simulations show that, with the breakdown of the vortex core, many unstable vortices are shed and the energy of the horseshoe vortex is dissipated quickly, and the uniformity of the submarine wake is improved. The submarine wake test in a wind tunnel has verified the effect of the method to control the horseshoe vortex. The vortex baffle can improve the wake uniformity in cases of high Reynolds numbers as well, and it does not have adverse effects on the maneuverability and the speed ability of the submarine.     

The design of propeller and propeller boss cap fins (PBCF) by an integrative method

Generally, after a marine propeller design, the propeller boss cap fins (PBCF) design concerns with an optimal selection of model test results, without a due consideration of the interaction between the PBCF and the propeller. In this paper, the PBCF and the propeller are considered as a whole system with their design as an integrative process, in which the concept of the increased loading in the blade root is incorporated. The load distribution on the blade becomes well-proportioned due to the increased loading in the blade root, and it is advantageous to the reduction of the vibratory force and the blade tip vortex. The blade root area is stronger in withstanding forces, and is not easy to be vibrated, therefore, the increased loading there is beneficial to the noise reduction. The disadvantage of the increased loading in the blade root is the generation of the hub vortex behind the boss cap, but the hub vortex can be broken up by the energy saving hydrodynamic mechanism of the PBCF. The integrative design method introduced in this paper can provide a higher efficiency for propellers under the same design conditions. In this paper, an integrative propeller and PBCF design method including the theoretical design and the numerical optimization design is proposed, based on the potential flow theory, the CFD tools, the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm, and the model tests. A propeller with the PBCF is designed based on the method of integrated increased loading in the blade root for a cargo vessel in this paper. The cavitation tunnel model test results show that the propeller and the PBCF thus designed enjoys a higher efficiency, and the design method is effective, reliable and practical.     

桥渡壅水平面二维数学模型模拟研究

本文根据圣维南基本方程组,建立了平面二维非恒定流桥渡数学模型方程,通过坐标变换,以边界拟合坐标生成二维均匀正交网格,在交错网格上采用交替方向的全隐差分格式进行离散化代数方程计算。通过桥渡流场的实例计算,在水位、流速分布、分流比和桥渡壅水等方面取得了令人满意的结果,该数学模型对于弥补和配合物理模型进行桥渡问题的研究具有重要作用。     

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS FOR CIRCULATION DISTRIBUTION OF PROPELLER BLADE

A process for numerical analysis of radial circulation distribution of propeller blade is proposed and presented. It is based on the results of numerical simulation of the velocity field around propeller blades and in the wake. The well-known traditional method using tangential velocity data in the wake and applying Stockes's theorem was also examined in the investigation. The results from two approaches are compared with each other. It is found that if the traditional way is utilized, in many cases an unexpected “hump” appears in the circulation distribution at certain outer radius. The authors calculated the circulations directly around blade sections, and it is referred as direct method. The unexpected hump of the circulation distribution disappears in the results of direct method. This article also discusses the reasons of the appearance of the unexpected hump in traditional approach. The direct method is proposed to have a potential in analyzing or verifying the radial road distribution for designed propeller and the numerical analysis instead of experimental validation for circulation distribution can be as a tool in the propeller design process.     

Novel scaling law for estimating propeller tip vortex cavitation noise from model experiment

The tip vortex cavitation(TVC) noise of marine propellers is of interest due to the environmental impacts from commercial ships as well as for the survivability of naval ships. Due to complicated flow and noise field around a marine propeller, a theoretical approach to the estimation of TVC noise is practically unrealizable. Thus, estimation of prototype TVC noise level is realized through extrapolation of the model TVC noise level measured in a cavitation tunnel. In this study, for the prediction of prototype TVC noise level from a model test, a novel scaling law reflecting the physical basis of TVC is derived from the Rayleigh-Plesset equation, the Rankine vortex model, the lifting surface theory, and other physical assumptions. Model and prototype noise data were provided by Samsung Heavy Industries(SHI) for verification. In applying the novel scaling law, similitude of the spectra of nuclei is applied to assume the same nuclei distribution in the tip vortex line of the model and the prototype. It was found that the prototype TVC noise level predicted by the novel scaling law has better agreement with the prototype TVC noise measurement than the prototype TVC noise level predicted by the modified ITTC noise estimation rule.