国内反渗透水处理技术存在问题及改进措施

制药行业应用反渗透水处理技术日益广泛,但在技术和管理上存在一些问题,笔者广泛调研了制药行业几十套反渗透水处理设备,结合我国实情,提出反渗透水处理设备的一些完善措施。     

反渗透水处理设备电导率控制系统的研制

本文介绍了一种模糊控制器,应用于反渗透水处理设备中,可实现电导率实时自动控制,提高了反渗透水处理过程中设备工作效率和水的利用率。     

反渗透水处理设备在工业污水处理中的应用实践

本文从处理工业废水和经济可持续发展的关系入手,介绍了反渗透水处理设备的相关概念和工业废水处理现状,并探讨了反渗透水处理设备在工业废水处理中的具体应用情况和改善应用效率的策略。通过分析工业废水处理的现状,本文发现反渗透水处理设备在各个行业中都得到了广泛应用,可以有效地除去水中的污染物,节约水资源,降低生产成本,实现可持续发展。为了改善反渗透水处理设备的应用效率,我们提出了从技术和管理两方面入手的策略,如提高设备的过滤效率和净水率、加强对设备的日常维护和管理等诸多措施的综合实施,可以实现更好的应用效果。本文旨在帮助读者了解反渗透水处理设备在工业废水处理中的应用及其效果,从而推动环保和经济双赢,实现可持续发展战略。     

反渗透水处理设备在工业污水处理中的应用

工业污水是水污染治理中不可忽视的污染物来源,且年均排放量巨大,污染物种类众多,随着工业生产技术的发展不断更新换代,因此,工业污水处理是环保领域重要的研究课题之一。反渗透是膜分离技术的一种,属于物理性质的处理技术,处理效率高、二次污染小,是当下热门的水处理技术之一。从反渗透水处理设备的发展历程入手,分析反渗透水处理设备在工业污水处理中的应用,探讨了反渗透水处理设备的改进方向。     

反渗透水处理技术运行总结

反渗透是一种膜分离技术,文章介绍了反渗透水处理技术的工作原理、工艺流程和主要设备,将反渗透与电渗析装置进行了对比。总结了该技术的 经济效益及注意事项。     

反渗透膜保养方式研究

反渗透水处理作为一种科技含量较高的水处理脱盐技术，在当今工业生产中应用越来越广泛。结合郑州热电厂水处理设备运行负荷变化的特点，就反渗透膜的长期保养技术及工艺进行探讨，采用药液(甲醛溶液)进行反渗透膜长期保养，一方面节约了能源，降低了生产成本，另一方面又保证了反渗透系统运行的可靠性。     

反渗透水处理技术的应用

介绍了反渗透水处理技术的原理和作用,并与电渗析法水处理技术进行比较.详细介绍了该技术在地下水处理应用中的工艺、设备和常见故障处理.采用反渗透水处理技术后,原水利用率提高,原水用量减少35 m3/h,年减少地下水开采量26万m3,外排水减少20万m3;系统水质提高,变换催化剂使用寿命延长至3年以上,吹风气余热回收系统蒸汽...     

反渗透脱盐水处理技术在沙特南方省水泥公司水泥生产线上的尝试与探索

由中材国际总包的沙特南方省水泥公司5000t/d熟料水泥生产线,采用了反渗透脱盐水处理技术处理当地苦咸水,这是有别于国内项目的重要部分之一。文章介绍了该项目从进、出水质设计控制指标,我国及美国《反渗透水处理设备》标准中对水质的要求及饮用水水质标准,水处理工艺流程,设备选型及水处理药品建议。工程运行效果表明:该项目的水处理系统获得成功,处理后的水质能完全达到设计要求。     

智能化水处理设备的自动化系统

智能化水处理设备可以实现系统的自动化运行，使反渗透设备的运行极其稳定可靠；同时实现恒定压力自动供水调节，还可以对大型设备进行组态由计算机工作站进行监控；最终实现供水水站或水处理车间的无人化运行管理。     

超滤及反渗透系统化学清洗方案

超滤和反渗透系统是电厂水处理设备中的重要组成部分。阐述了电厂化学水处理系统的污染来源及判定方法,探讨了超滤系统和反渗透系统化学用水处理过程中尘垢和污染物的清洗方法,主要利用酸性或碱性药剂的化学性质达到清理设备内部污垢的目的,为相关工作人员提供理论的参考依据。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。