中体分SiC_p/A1复合材料的热变形行为和功率耗散图

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机对30%SiCP/2024A1复合材料在温度为623~773 K、应变速率为0.01~10 s-1变形条件下热变形流变行为进行了研究。由试验得出变形过程中的真应力真应变曲线,建立热变形本构方程和功率耗散图。结果表明,复合材料的流变应力随温度的升高而降低,随应变速率的增大而升高,说明该复合材料是一个正应变速率敏感的材料。该复合材料热压缩变形时的流变应力行为可采用Zener-Hollomon参数的双曲正弦形式来描述,热变形激活能Q为571.377 kJ/mol。高温高应变速率条件下的功率耗散系数大,该变形区发生了组织转变。     

非连续增强铝基复合材料的热变形行为研究进展

本文综述了非连续增强铝基复合材料的热变形行为理论研究方法,并描述了典型铝基复合材料的热变形机制和可加工性特征。对本构方程、加工图理论方法对流变行为和变形机制研究的可靠性进行了讨论,同时介绍了引入应变速率敏感指数和温度敏感指数作为基体合金变形机制演化辅助判据的方法。根据铝合金常见变形机制,讨论了不同类型增强体的铝基复合材料热加工变形行为特征。最后,对该领域未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

Ag-SnO_2复合材料的热压缩变形行为

采用Gleeble?1500热模拟实验机对Ag-SnO2(10%,质量分数)复合材料进行高温压缩变形实验,分析该材料在变形温度为750~900℃、应变速率为0.01~1 s?1条件下的流变应力变化规律;采用透射电镜(TEM)观察Ag-SnO2(10%)复合材料热压缩变形后的显微组织。采用双曲正弦确定了该材料的变形激活能,建立了以Zener-Hollomon参数描述的高温塑性变形本构模型,并验证了本构模型的准确性。结果表明:变形温度和应变速率均对流变应力有显著影响,流变应力随变形温度升高而减小,随应变速率的增加而增大。动态再结晶和孪晶共同作用是Ag-SnO2复合材料热压缩变形的主要变形机制,随应变速率增加,孪晶数量增多,并形成了二次孪晶。     

M35高速钢的热变形行为研究

在Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机上对M35高速钢进行了热压缩试验,研究了变形温度在950~1150℃、变形速率为0.01~10s~(-1)时M35高速钢的热变形行为,建立了热变形本构方程和热加工图。结果表明:M35高速钢热压缩过程中的变形行为可用双曲正弦函数来表征,其平均变形激活能为333.04kJ·mol~(-1)。通过热加工图直观地展现出了M35高速钢热变形失稳的区域,并且获得了实验条件下其热变形过程的最优工艺制度,即热加工温度为1 100℃,应变速率为0.01s~(-1)。     

Mg-Zn-Cu-Zr镁合金的热变形行为和加工图(英文)

在温度523～673K,应变率0.001～1s-1条件下,使用Gleeble3800热模拟机研究一种新的四元Mg-6Zn-1.5Cu-0.5Zr合金的变形行为。结果表明,流变应力随着变形温度的升高或随着应变率的下降而减小。采用依赖于应变的本构方程和前馈反向传播人工神经网络来预测流变应力,其结果与实验数据吻合很好。热加工图表明,对于经T4处理的Mg-6Zn-1.5Cu-0.5Zr合金的热加工,其最佳工作条件为温度643～673K,应变速率0.001～0.01s-1。     

Cu-Al2O3/20W3SiC复合材料的组织性能及热变形行为

采用快速热压烧结技术成功制备出Cu-Al₂O₃/20W3SiC复合材料,对复合材料的导电率、致密度以及硬度进行了测试,实验结果表明：材料结构致密、性能良好,内氧化生成的Al₂O₃颗粒弥散分布在铜基体中,各种强化相的协同强化作用对材料的增益效果明显。利用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机研究了材料的热变形行为,依据真应力-真应变曲线构建了材料的本构方程和热加工图,在变形量为0.3～0.6时,材料的最佳变形温度为740～950℃,最佳应变速率为0.03～0.273 s^-1。     

纳米SiCp/Al复合材料的热变形行为

在Gleeble-1500D热模拟机上对纳米SiCp/Al复合材料试样进行了单向热压缩试验,研究其在变形温度为460～520℃、应变速率为0.1～5 s~(-1)条件下的高温变形行为。根据实验数据绘制出纳米SiCp/Al复合材料的真应力-真应变曲线,利用双曲正弦函数模型构建纳米SiCp/Al复合材料的应变补偿本构方程,并通过误差分析对该应变补偿本构方程的准确性进行验证。结果表明:纳米SiCp/Al复合材料的流变应力曲线均呈现出先升高至峰值随后缓慢下降的趋势,流变应力随着变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低而减小;在本文试验条件下纳米SiCp/Al热变形激活能的平均值为278.79 kJ/mol;通过应变补偿本构方程得到的流变应力预测值与试验值的线性相关系数为0.991,平均相对误差为2.05%。     

Hot Deformation Behavior and Processing Map of SiCp/2024Al Composite

采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机,对30%SiCp/2024A1复合材料在温度为350~500℃、应变速率为0.01~10 s-1条件下进行热压缩试验,研究该复合材料的热变形行为与热加工特征,建立热变形本构方程和加工图。结果表明,30%SiCp/2024A1复合材料的流变应力随温度升高而降低,随应变速率增大而升高,说明该复合材料是一个正应变速率敏感的材料,其热压缩变形时的流变应力可采用Zener-Hollomon参数的双曲正弦形式来描述,在本实验条件下平均热变形激活能Q为153.251 k J/mol。为了证实其潜在的可加工性,对加工图中的稳定区和失稳区进行标识,并通过微观组织得到验证。综合考虑热加工图和显微结构,变形温度为450℃,应变速率为1 s-1是复合材料适宜的热变形条件。     

Cu-Al2O3复合材料热变形行为及加工图

在Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机上对Cu-Al2O3复合材料进行等温压缩试验,研究了变形温度600～950℃,应变速率0.001～1 s-1条件下的热变形行为。结果表明,Cu-Al2O3复合材料的流变应力-应变曲线是典型的动态再结晶类型,流变应力随应变量的增加均呈现先增大后减小,之后达到一个稳定的趋势。热变形过程中的稳态流变应力可用双曲正弦本构方程.ε=8.909×105[sinh(0.012486σ)]5.4343.exp[-133.02/(RT)]来表示。根据动态材料模型以及DMM加工图理论,建立了Cu-Al2O3复合材料的热加工图,据此确定Cu-Al2O3复合材料的最佳热变形工艺参数范围为:变形温度850～950℃,应变速率0.01～0.1 s-1。     

TA1/AZ31B多层复合材料在热模拟过程中的变形行为研究

本文采用等温压缩试验研究了在变形温度为573K-723K,应变速率范围为0.01s-1-10s-1,压下量30%-50%的条件下TA1/AZ31B多层复合材料的塑性变形行为并利用光学显微镜观察显微组织的变化。研究表明：TA1和AZ31B在压缩复合过程中均发生塑性变形,但是钛镁多层复合材料各层的变形不同时且不均匀,AZ31B层的变形程度大于TA1层,且在变形过程中AZ31B层发生了动态再结晶。当应变速率为10s-1时,中间TA1层出现颈缩和断裂。计算结果证明Arrhenius本构方程可以准确预测TA1/AZ31B多层复合材料的流动应力行为,得到平均绝对相对误差为3.976%,相关系数为0.991。此外,基于动态材料模型(DMM)理论建立了TA1/AZ31B多层复合材料在真应变0.5下的加工图,确定最佳工艺条件在723K温度下,应变速率为0.01s-1,此时最大功率耗散值为28%。同时,TA1/AZ31B多层复合材料的加工图中存在一个不稳定区域,即变形温度范围为573K ~ 692K时应变速率范围为0.6-10s-1。     

Mixed rare earth metal conversion coatings on 2024 alloy and Al6061/SiC_p metal matrix composites

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Multi-objective optimization of friction stir welding parameters using desirability approach to join Al/SiCp metal matrix composites

Silicon carbide particulate (SiC_p) reinforced cast aluminium (Al) based metal matrix composites (MMCs) have gained wide acceptance in the fabrication of light weight structures requiring high specific strength, high temperature capability and good wear resistance. Friction stir welding (FSW) process parameters play major role in deciding the performance of welded joints. The ultimate tensile strength, notch tensile strength and weld nugget hardness of friction stir butt welded joints of cast Al/SiC_p MMCs (AA6061 with 20% (volume fraction) of SiC_p) were investigated. The relationships between the FSW process parameters (rotational speed, welding speed and axial force) and the responses (ultimate tensile strength, notch tensile strength and weld nugget hardness) were established. The optimal welding parameters to maximize the mechanical properties were identified by using desirability approach. From this investigation, it is found that the joints fabricated with the tool rotational speed of 1370 r/min, welding speed of 88.9 mm/min, and axial force of 9.6 kN yield the maximum ultimate tensile strength, notch tensile strength and hardness of 265 MPa, 201 MPa and HV114, respectively.     

Microstructure and damping behavior of SiCp/Gr/2024Al metal matrix composites by squeeze casting technology

SiCp/Gr/2024Al metal matrix composites were processed by squeeze casting technology. The microstructure of composites was observed by SEM and TEM, and the effects of graphite particulates and SiC particulates on the damping behaviors of composites were also investigated. The results show that the microstructure of composites was dense and homogeneous, without any interfacial reactivity among reinforcement/matrix interfaces. Compared with the damping capacity of 2024Al, the damping capacity of composites was enhanced significantly by addition of SiC or graphite particulates. The main damping mechanisms of SiCo/Al composites were ascribed to the dislocation damping, and those of SiCo/Gr/2024Al were attributed to the intrinsic damping and interface damping.     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of Al 2519 matrix composites reinforced with Ti-coated SiC particles

Ti-coated SiC_p particles were developed by vacuum evaporation with Ti to improve the interfacial bonding of SiC_p/Al composites. Ti-coated SiC particles and uncoated SiC particles reinforced Al 2519 matrix composites were prepared by hot pressing, hot extrusion and heat treatment. The influence of Ti coating on microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that the densely deposited Ti coating reacts with SiC particles to form TiC and Ti₅Si₃ phases at the interface. Ti-coated SiC particle reinforced composite exhibits uniformity and compactness compared to the composite reinforced with uncoated SiC particles. The microstructure, relative density and mechanical properties of the composite are significantly improved. When the volume fraction is 15%, the hardness, fracture strain and tensile strength of the SiC_p reinforced Al 2519 composite after Ti plating are optimized, which are HB 138.5, 4.02% and 455 MPa, respectively.     

Effect of deformation temperature on the mechanical behavior and deformation mechanisms of Al-Al2O3 metal matrix composites

Aluminum-alumina (Al-Al₂O₃) metal matrix composite (MMC) materials were fabricated using the powder metallurgy (PM) techniques of hot pressing followed by hot extrusion. Different reinforcement weight fractions were used, that is, 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 wt% Al₂O₃. The effect of deformation temperature was investigated through hot tensile deformation conducted at different temperatures. The microstructures of the tested specimens were also investigated to characterize the operative softening mechanisms. The yield and tensile strength of the Al-Al₂O₃ were found to improve as a function of reinforcement weight fraction. With the exception of Al-10wt%Al₂O₃, the MMC showed better strength and behavior at high temperatures than the unreinforced matrix. The uniform deformation range was found to decrease for the same reinforcement weight fraction, as a function of temperature. For the same deformation temperature, it increases as a function of reinforcement weight fraction. Both dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization were found to be operative in Al-Al₂O₃ MMC as a function of deformation temperature. Dynamic recovery is dominant in the lower temperature range, while dynamic recrystallization is more dominant at the higher range. The increase in reinforcement weight fraction was found to lead to early nucleation of recrystallization. No direct relationship was established as far as the number of grains nucleated due to each reinforcement particle.     

Processing and mechanical properties of 2024 aluminum matrix composites containing Tungsten and Tantalum prepared by PM

The 2024 Al composites containing W, Ta were fabricated by powder metallurgy for their potential use as shielding material.W, Ta powders and gas-atomized 2024 Al aluminum powders were mixed by a ball mixer.The mixtures were consolidated by cold isostatic pressing (CIP) and then hot-extruded into full-density bars.The extruded bars were heat treated in T6 conditions.The microstructure and its relationship with the mechanical properties were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).The results show that the particles of nonuniform size and irregular shape randomly disperse in the 2024 aluminum alloy matrix.The tensile tests show that an increase of tensile strength and decrease of elongation to failure of the heat treated composites compared with the extruded composites.     

Effect of particle cracking on the strength and ductility of Al-SiCp powder metallurgy metal matrix composites

The effects of particle cracking on the strength and ductility of Al-SiCp metal matrix composite material (MMC) was investigated. The composite was manufactured using a simple powder metallurgy (PM) technique of hot pressing followed by hot extrusion. Also, the effects of reinforcement weight fraction and strain rate variations on the strength and ductility of the same composite were examined. It was found that particle cracking plays a significant role in controlling the mechanical properties of the composite. It was shown that particle cracking is possible in an MMC material made with a low strength matrix (commercially pure aluminum), and increases with the increase of reinforcement weight fraction, applied strain rate, and amount of plastic deformation. The yield strength increases as a function of reinforcement weight fraction and to a lesser extent as the strain rate increases. The tensile strength increases at low SiCp weight fractions, then remains constant or decreases as more particles are added to the matrix.     

Dry sliding wear behavior of Al 2219/SiCp-Gr hybrid metal matrix composites

The dry sliding wear behavior of Al 2219 alloy and Al 2219/SiCp/Gr hybrid composites are investigated under similar conditions. The composites are fabricated using the liquid metallurgy technique. The dry sliding wear test is carried out for sliding speeds up to 6 m/s and for normal loads up to 60 N using a pin on disc apparatus. It is found that the addition of SiCp and graphite reinforcements increases the wear resistance of the composites. The wear rate decreases with the increase in SiCp reinforcement content. As speed increases, the wear rate decreases initially and then increases. The wear rate increases with the increase in load. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs of the worn surface are used to predict the nature of the wear mechanism. Abrasion is the principle wear mechanism for the composites at low sliding speeds and loads. At higher loads, the wear mechanism changes to delamination.     

Fabrication and mechanical properties of in situ TiC/Ti metal matrix composites

In situ TiC particle reinforced titanium matrix composites (TMCs) were successfully fabricated by reactive sintering of Ti + Mo₂C and Ti + VC compacts. The results of the tensile tests at ambient and elevated temperatures show that the strength of the composites increases with increasing additive content (Mo₂C and VC), and decreases with increasing temperatures. Comparing the two types of TMCs, the Ti + VC composites have a lower strength than the Ti + Mo₂C composites, but can more effectively retain the strength to elevated temperatures. Microstructural analyses show that the main strengthening mechanisms of the TMCs are solid solution, grain refinement and particulate strengthening. Different dominant strengthening mechanisms in different composites are responsible for the variations of the mechanical properties. At elevated temperatures, the volume fraction of TiC particles is the main factor for increasing the strength.