济南工程地质数据库的建设与应用

济南工程地质数据库是以理正工程地质地理信息系统（Leading GGIS）作为信息集成平台,结合济南市工程地质与水文地质资料构建的数据库智能框架,对长期分散、孤立的工程地质资料进行收集、整理、归一、入库,并挖掘利用。建立岩土工程勘察数据库系统,可以改善目前勘察数据成果的保存及使用,它不仅实现了勘察成果数据的信息化管理,还可使数据价值最大化,为数据的各种专题应用、管理应用和决策应用奠定基础数据平台,为城市规划、城市建设提供工程地质依据。     

工程勘察管理信息化关键技术研究

随着信息技术的飞速发展,工程勘察行业迫切需要进行信息化变革以适应时代的发展。工程勘察管理信息化建设的关键需从勘察工作流程入手。主要从外业数据采集信息化、外业远程信息化监管、岩土试验信息化3个方面进行信息化关键技术研究的阐述,为广大同行进行工程勘察管理信息化建设提供参考。研究成果包括勘察外业信息化采集系统、勘察外业监控系统、岩土样品自动识别管理系统等,在生产应用中取得良好效果。在勘察管理中应用信息化技术,应继续着力在高标准化、高自动化、高协同化几方面。     

三维岩土工程勘察信息系统的工程应用

近年来,三维地下空间、三维岩土工程、数字工程等研究不断被关注,实现各种原始数据、图像、图件、文字报告的综合动态管理,越来越变得可行和必要。北京市勘察设计研究院有限公司依托丰富的行业经验和多年在计算机信息化方面的积累,遵循实用和真实原则,与北京大学合作完成三维岩土工程勘察信息系统平台的建设。系统能够对勘察行业中的各种原始数据进行综合动态管理,在研究区域内实现二维地质剖面图、三维地质建模和三维多源数据的一体化表达以及三维空间几何及力学分析等功能,并在实践中得到了成功的应用。     

勘察测绘科技档案管理系统设计与实现

如何有效管理勘察测绘工程中产生的大量数据,并实现信息化和信息共享是本系统的主要目的,我们采用ArcGIS系列软件开发的科技档案管理系统实现了对数据的存储、管理、查询和发布等功能.     

“互联网+工程勘察质量监管”的探索与实践

为提高工程勘察质量,本文针对工程勘察"成果不确定性"和"过程不可逆性",以"互联网+勘察质量管理"的思维,制定了企业及人员、勘察项目、勘察项目中间成果等信息的数据标准,建立了以外业检查、信息共建共享、工作通报督促为主要措施的1(重庆市城乡建委)+43(区县建委)信息化协同监管制度。以"重庆市工程勘察项目信息管理系统"为平台,通过"主体全方位、项目全过程、市域全范围"的三个全覆盖,实现了"过程留痕"、"责任可溯"的勘察质量信息化监管。工程勘察质量信息化监管的施行提高了该市工程勘察质量,促进了工程勘察行业持续健康发展。重庆市工程勘察质量信息化监管的探索对其他传统行业质量监管制度创新、技术创新亦有一定借鉴意义。     

深圳地铁5号线信息化建设与应用探讨

本文主要介绍深圳地铁5号线BT工程信息化建设规划、实施与应用。深圳地铁5号线工程通过信息化建设,做到施工过程实时监控、施工监测科学分析、施工风险超前防范、施工数据快速畅通,为工程的安全、质量、工期等各项科学决策和管理打下了坚实基础。     

地铁工程建设集成控制系统研究

地铁工程业主需要快速而准确地获取和处理信息,因此需要构建信息化集成控制系统来协助其管理.首先对地铁工程建设集成控制系统的管理思路进行深入研究;从系统数据规划和系统结构设计两方面分析集成控制系统的构建;并以武汉地铁工程建设集成控制系统的开发和应用为例,论证了地铁工程建设集成控制系统是业主单位实现分层次、分布式、协同决策、协同执行和控制的有效方式之一.     

基于BIM的地铁人防工程维护管理技术探讨

地铁人防工程的维护管理是地铁系统和人民防空部门都十分重视的内容。然而,由于地铁人防工程的信息化基础薄弱、工程资料庞大且管理力量不足等原因,使得现阶段地铁人防工程得不到有效维护。分析了我国地铁人防工程维护管理的技术现状,提出了一种基于BIM技术与监控技术、监测技术、GIS技术和移动终端技术相结合的维护管理新模式,讨论了新模式的适应范围与实现技术途径。新维护管理模式具有扁平化的突出特点,信息集成度和维护管理效率能得到大幅提高,为实现可视化、规范化、信息化和精细化的地铁人防工程维护管理目标提供了参考。     

南京地铁勘察及管理工作实践经验总结与探讨

岩土工程勘察是整个地铁建设过程中最重要的环节,勘察质量的好坏直接影响到地铁工程造价、建设工期及施工安全。地铁建设均以勘察成果为导向,涉及岩土、结构、市政等多个方向,专业性极强。从地铁建设方的视角出发,从勘察工作本身到勘察工作管理,提出一系列经验性结论及管理办法,确保地铁勘察工作的高效性和勘察成果的准确性。     

浅谈城市地铁岩土工程勘察的新技术

随着城市经济的快速发展,地铁建设在城市建设中的市场份额不断扩大,地铁岩土工程勘察新技术不断涌现。本文将城市地铁岩土工程勘察的基本情况划分为三个阶段进行阐述,而后介绍了地铁岩土工程勘察中使用的新技术及其应用情况。     

Modeling Sorption Transport In Rooms And Sorption Filtration Systems For Building Air Quality Analysis

Adsorption, desorption and chemisorption are known to impact the dispersal of volatile organic and chemically reactive compounds in buildings. These same three processes may be used to advantage to control the levels of these compounds indoors using building sorption filtration devices. To add to the understanding of these processes, to provide the means to predict the impact of these processes on human exposure and to provide the tools needed to design gaseous filtration systems to mitigate the exposure to these compounds, a general approach to modeling the dynamics of these processes is presented. Equations are presented to account for the elemental advection, diffusion, sorption, and chemical transport steps affecting single component sorption dynamics in rooms and sorption filtration systems. These element equations are based on general principles and formulated in terms of fundamental physical parameters that may be determined using standard procedures. Models to predict room and sorption filtration system dynamics are formulated using assemblages of these element equations and a series of simplified models of these systems are derived. Initial applications to model single-component sorption transport in rooms and sorption filtration systems indicate that the approach has the potential to provide accurate predictions providing the sorption and chemical characteristics of the sorbate-sorbent system being considered are well-characterized. This potential is, however, compromised by the lack (or present uncertainty) of fundamental data relating to sorption equilibrium, porous diffusion, surface chemistry, and boundary layer mass transport     

超高路堑边坡治理工程案例研究Ⅱ:治理对策及其过程控制

概述了K227滑坡治理工程方案,对该滑坡分"上、中、下"三段进行施工的全过程开展数值模拟与优化分析,并与监测反馈信息相互印证,指导了边坡施工的过程控制,达到了超高路堑边坡治理"一次规划、分步推进、安全实施、不留后患"的工程控制目标,并得到以下结论:(1)将综合工况下边坡整体稳定系数F_s=1.10作为施工过程稳态控制的标准,以实现超高路堑边坡稳态控制,保证施工安全及其支护结构的耐久性;(2)坡脚反压是超高路堑边坡施工过程中确保其具备临时稳定的必要条件,应谨慎选择对此类临时安全措施调整的时机和节奏;(3)双排锚索抗滑桩方案的预先规划和及时生效,对于控制施工期间后山牵引变形发展和边坡稳定条件弱化,保证施工过程安全及成功治理具有重要的作用;(4)超高路堑边坡治理过程中存在多种潜在失稳机制,以及局部和整体变形相互转化的问题,需要进行多方案模拟优化,实现局部和整体变形的协调控制;(5)路堑高边坡动态设计与信息化施工需要由边坡变形破坏驱动设计调整的被动模式,转化为模拟及预测边坡变形发展规律,实现施工次生病害的主动控制。     

Normen für den Konstruktiven Ingenieurbau

Codes in Structural Engineering In structural engineering codes are of essential importance. Codes have to represent accepted rules as well as the state of the art in science and technology and they provide a basis for the communication between all involved professionals. In codes of the future all procedural steps of planning have to be included – design, execution, service, conservation and dismantlement – and an integral approach to safety and quality has to be adopted. In comparison to present codes, the technical breadth and the level of detail will increase. Nonetheless, the overall aim of code writers shall be to come up with regulations that are easy to understand and to apply. Codes of the future have to (re‐)gain their significance and acceptance.     

露天矿山高陡岩质边坡生态修复技术的应用现状与发展趋势

矿产尤其是石材矿产的开发必然会对原矿区的环境造成破坏，容易形成矿山高陡岩边坡，即白茬山。白茬山由于坡度高、坡面长以及坡面温差大等原因，易形成恶劣的生存环境，很难实现有效的植被附着，长期复绿效果充满挑战。对此类生态环境中的常见复绿技术的研究现状进行了介绍，分析了不同技术的优缺点及使用机制。进一步根据白茬山的地质、地形和地表等特征，进行生态修复技术的优化与改进，展望修复技术的发展趋势，助力生态系统的恢复与发展。     

Numerical parametric investigation of infiltration in one-dimensional sand–geotextile columns

Geotextiles are routinely used in separation and filtration applications. Design of these systems is currently based on saturated properties of the geotextiles and the surrounding soils. However, in the field, soil and geotextile can be in an unsaturated state for much of their design life during which they are essentially hydraulically non-conductive. Periodic wetting and drying cycles can result in rapid and large changes in hydraulic performance of soil–geotextile systems. The writers have reported the results from physical water infiltration tests on sand columns with and without a geotextile inclusion. The geotextile inclusions were installed in new and modified states to simulate the influence of clogging due to fines and to broaden the range of hydraulic properties of the geotextiles in the physical tests. This paper reports the results of numerical simulations that were undertaken to reproduce the physical tests and strategies adopted to adjust soil and geotextile properties from independent laboratory tests to improve the agreement between numerical and physical test results. For example the paper shows that the hydraulic conductivity function of the geotextile must be reduced by up to two orders of magnitude to give acceptable agreement. The lower hydraulic conductivity is believed to be due to soil intrusion that is not captured in conventional laboratory permeability tests. The calibrated numerical model is used to investigate the influence of geotextile and soil hydraulic conductivity and thickness as well as height of ponded water at the surface on wetting front advance below the geotextile and potential ponding of water above the geotextile due to a capillary break mechanism. A simple analytical model is also developed that predicts the maximum ponding height of water above the geotextile based on two-layer saturated media and 1-D steady state flow assumptions. The analytical model is used to generate a design chart to select geotextiles to minimize potential ponding of water above the geotextile. Ponding can lead to lateral flow of water along the geotextile in reinforced wall, slope, embankment and road base applications.     

基于节理产状不确定性的边坡稳定性及敏感度分析

用Monte Carlo法对服从Fisher分布的节理产状进行模拟,计算每个模拟产状的安全系数,并统计拟合安全系数的分布规律及边坡的可靠度。为同时考虑安全系数对节理倾角和倾向的敏感度,提出了以安全系数对节理面法向矢量球面距离的敏感度来反映其对产状敏感度的分析方法,并建议用平均值和最大值两个指标来反映任意产状的敏感度。用赤平投影方法在赤平图上绘制安全系数等值线图和敏感度等值线图,实现了计算结果的可视化展示。算例分析表明：此方法实现了对节理产状不确定性的全面直观分析,消除了产状测量数据离散化可能造成的安全隐患,解决了以往产状敏感度分析中需单独对倾角或倾向分析的不足。     

Uplift of elastomeric bearings in isolated bridges subjected to longitudinal seismic excitations

Bearings are used to isolate bridge substructures from the lateral forces induced by creep, shrinkage and seismic displacements. They are set in one or two support lines parallel to the transverse axis of the pier cap and are typically anchored to the deck and to the pier cap. This detailing makes them susceptible to possible tensile loading. During an earthquake, the longitudinal displacements of the deck induce rotations to the pier caps about a transverse axis, which in turn cause tensile (uplift) and compressive displacements to the bearings. Tensile displacements of bearings, due to the pier rotations, have not been addressed before and questions about the severity of this uplift effect arise, because tensile loading of bearings is strongly related to elastomer cavitation and ruptures. An extended parametric study revealed that bearing uplift may occur in isolated bridges, while uplift effect is more critical for the bearings on shorter piers. Tensile displacements of bearings were found to be significantly increased when the isolators were eccentrically placed with respect to the axis of the pier and when flexible isolators were used for the isolation of the bridge. The results of this study cannot be generalised as bridge response is strongly case-dependent and the approach has limitations, which are related to the modelling approach and to the fact that emphasis was placed on the longitudinal response of bridges.     

复合盐侵蚀衬砌喷射混凝土耐久性退化研究

我国西部地区土壤及地下水中含有高浓度、及Cl,与隧道衬砌喷射混凝土发生一系列物理化学反应,造成其结构耐久性能退化。为系统研究复合盐侵蚀喷射混凝土耐久性能退化规律及机理,分别以10%Na2SO4溶液和5%Na2SO45%MgSO43.5%NaCl混合溶液为侵蚀介质,采用干湿交替法,开展喷射混凝土耐久性试验。、及Cl与氢氧化钙和铝相反应生成水镁石、石膏和Friedel盐,延缓钙矾石形成。复合盐侵蚀喷射混凝土物理力学性能退化速度明显小于硫酸盐侵蚀。硫酸盐侵蚀喷射混凝土以表面水泥砂浆和骨料的剥落为主,复合盐侵蚀主要以表面龟裂最终断裂为主,且裂缝中充满白色结晶盐。分析侵蚀喷射混凝土矿物组成和微观结构,硫酸盐侵蚀喷射混凝土产物主要为钙矾石和石膏,而复合盐侵蚀喷射混凝土产物组成复杂,包括碳硫硅钙石、水镁石、石膏、钙矾石、水化硅酸镁和结晶盐。硫酸盐侵蚀喷射混凝土中含量高于复合盐侵蚀,而混凝土pH值低。     

常低温下EGSB处理生活污水的影响因素研究

在15～26℃的常低温条件下,采用EGSB处理生活污水,考察了进水流量、回流比、液体上升流速(Vup)、温度等因素对运行效果的影响。结果表明,当温度为26℃左右时,对于9～11 L/h的低进水流量,宜采用高回流比(1.6～2.5),对COD的去除率最高可达90%;对于15～24L/h的高进水流量,宜采用低回流比(0～0.6),对COD的去除率最高可达84%;当进水流量提高至30 L/h时,不宜回流,对COD的去除率降至77%;当进水流量分别为9、11、15、24、30 L/h时,最佳Vup分别为4.0、(3.1～3.6)、(2.7～3.4)、3.0和3.8 m/h,此时对COD的去除率分别高达90%、(87%～89%)、(83%～84%)、83%和77%;在无回流的条件下,适宜的进水流量为15～24 L/h,相应的HRT为0.5～0.8 h。当温度为15～26℃时,EGSB适宜的运行条件是高进水流量(15～24L/h)、高Vup(3.0 m/h)和低回流比(0～0.6),此时对COD的去除率高达81.9%以上。     

深长基坑开挖引发邻近建筑群沉降规律研究

基坑开挖容易导致邻近建筑产生较大沉降,而目前关于基坑开挖引发邻近建筑群变形规律的研究较为匮乏,邻近建筑间的相互影响关系尚需研究。基于实际工程,采用数值模拟手段,分别建立实际情况、仅有建筑1、仅有建筑2的3个计算模型,探究了深长基坑开挖引发邻近建筑群沉降规律,得到以下结论:建筑距离基坑较近时,基坑开挖过程中容易发生较大沉降,后趋于稳定,层数较高且平行于基坑的建筑沉降较大,垂直于基坑的建筑沉降差异较大;基坑开挖后,建筑群沉降小于单个建筑沉降;垂直于基坑的建筑偏转角更大,距离基坑较近处更容易产生不均匀沉降;与单个建筑相比,建筑群中各建筑偏转角更大,尤其是垂直于基坑且中部附近存在其他建筑的情况,更容易发生不均匀沉降。