水溶性壳聚糖及磁性壳聚糖微球的制备

以废弃蟹壳为原料制备出了高脱乙酰度壳聚糖和脱乙酰度50%的水溶性壳聚糖,通过电位滴定、红外光谱等对产物的脱乙酰度、功能基团作了表征,测定了产物的黏度,结果表明制备的水溶性壳聚糖的动力黏度为82.9 mPa.s。以0.01 mol/L硝酸钴和0.02 mol/L硝酸铁的混合溶液,采用微乳液法制备了纳米铁酸钴,以水溶性壳聚糖为原料制备了壳聚糖/纳米铁酸钴复合微球,TEM结果显示该磁性壳聚糖微球为规则球形,粒径13μm左右,分散性好。     

壳聚糖及其衍生物处理印染废水的研究进展

评述了壳聚糖及其衍生物作为吸附剂、絮凝剂在印染废水中的应用,并探讨了其吸附和絮凝机理.阐明小粒径、高脱乙酰度及珠状壳聚糖及其衍生物在低温、低pH值下对染料的吸附效果较好,但其吸附机理尚难用单一模型解释.脱乙酰度大的水溶性壳聚糖及其衍生物对染料的絮凝效果较好,其絮凝机理主要是电荷中和以及分子架桥作用.指出今后的研究方向是开发价格低廉、水溶性以及稳定性高的壳聚糖水处理剂.     

水溶性壳聚糖的制备及其应用研究进展

由于壳聚糖的结晶性.它只能溶于一些稀的无机酸或有机酸,不能直接溶于水中.文章介绍了几种水溶性壳聚糖的制备方法-控制壳聚糖的脱乙酰度、降低分子量和化学修饰,以及水溶性壳聚糖在医药、食品、化妆品等方面的应用进展.     

壳聚糖脱乙酰度的实验研究

以虾壳为原料制取甲壳素 ,甲壳素脱乙酰基制备壳聚糖。讨论了影响壳聚糖脱乙酰度的因素。通过正交实验得出了制备壳聚糖的最佳工艺条件为氢氧化钠浓度 4 0 % ,反应温度 90℃ ,反应时间 14h。通过分段碱制得脱乙酰度高达 98.14 %的壳聚糖     

高脱乙酰度壳聚糖的制备

以甲壳素为原料,以异丁醇为溶剂,氢氧化钠为亲核试剂,探讨了一种制备高脱乙酰度壳聚糖的新方法.研究了投料比、反应温度、反应时间、反应方法等对脱乙酰度的影响.结果表明,在反应温度为110℃,反应时间2.5h,壳聚糖∶NaOH∶醇=1∶5∶12(质量比)条件下制得脱乙酰度为93.2%的壳聚糖,而传统水溶剂脱乙酰度小于50%.另外间歇法处理样品可以在较短的时间里制备出脱乙酰度较高的壳聚糖,并用红外谱图对壳聚糖进行了表征.     

水溶性壳聚糖季铵盐的制备工艺研究

采用2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵(GTA)和脱乙酰度95%的壳聚糖为原料制备了水溶性壳聚糖季铵盐2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵壳聚糖(HTCC)。研究了反应时间、反应温度、投料物质的量比和壳聚糖分子量等因素对产率以及水溶性的影响。采用正交试验确定了最佳工艺条件:反应时间12h,反应温度80℃,n(GTA):n(-NH_2)=4.5:1,壳聚糖分子量6.3×10~4,产率94.8%。     

N-苄基壳聚糖液晶材料的制备及表征

以甘氨酸和质量分数36%盐酸为原料合成出甘氨酸盐酸盐离子液体,利用间歇碱处理方式对壳聚糖原料进行处理,制备出脱乙酰度可达92.2%的高脱乙酰度壳聚糖.采用N-烷基化化学改性方法,使苯甲醛与高脱乙酰度壳聚糖分别在乙酸和甘氨酸盐酸盐离子液体两种溶剂中进行反应,制备N-苄基壳聚糖.红外光谱测试表明:由这两种方法制备出的产物均...     

克氏螯虾制备甲壳素及壳聚糠的研究

以克氏螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)壳为原料,通过脱脂、脱蛋白及脱钙得到甲壳素,甲壳素继续脱乙酰基制得壳聚糖。研究了HCl质量分数、酸浸时间对甲壳素脱钙的影响及NaOH质量分数、反应时间对壳聚糖脱乙酰度和黏度的影响。得到较佳的工艺为:wHCl=5%,酸浸时间2 h;wNaOH=45%,脱乙酰反应时间4 h。制得甲壳素中灰分0.9%,壳聚糖脱乙酰度81%,黏度440 mPa.s。另外,在甲壳素制备中,通过原料粉碎、添加复合脱脂剂等工艺的改进来提高效率,降低酸、碱消耗,产品质量也得到提高。     

止血性壳聚糖的制备及其凝血效果的研究

在温和均相条件下,对较高脱乙酰度的壳聚糖进行乙酰化,制备不同脱乙酰度的壳聚糖;测试不同脱乙酰度和分子量的壳聚糖醋酸溶液的凝血效果。中药—壳聚糖复合止血材料的制备及其止血功能的研究。     

紫外测定壳聚糖脱乙酰度方法的探讨

分别采用直接、一阶导数、多波长和双内标等4种紫外分光光度法测定壳聚糖的脱乙酰度,评价4种紫外测定方法,并与胶体滴定、电位滴定和氢核磁3种测定方法进行了比较。结果表明,采取上述紫外法测定壳聚糖脱乙酰度值均高于胶体滴定和氢核磁测定值。故准确测定高脱乙酰度壳聚糖的脱乙酰度,紫外法非首选方法。     

Studies on chitosan and poly(acrylic acid) interpolymer complex. II. Solution behaviors of the mixture of water-soluble chitosan and poly(acrylic acid)

Water-soluble chitosan with a 50% deacetylation degree was prepared according to the literature. The mixtures of water-soluble chitosan and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) in water was studied by various experimental techniques, such as viscometry, potentiometry, and transmittance measurements. The results showed that water-soluble chitosan may complex with PAA through electrostatic attraction. This polyelectrolyte complex exists steadily at about an equimolar unit composition. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

The effect of the degree of deacetylation of chitosan on its dispersion of carbon nanotubes

The effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of chitosan biopolymer on the noncovalent surface modification of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is presented. MWCNTs were modified by chitosan having different degree of deacetylation (61%, 71%, 78%, 84%, 90% and 93%) and UV-Visible spectroscopy was used to evaluate their dispersion efficiency as a function of chitosan concentration and degree of deacetylation. Results showed that the dispersion of MWCNTs could be dramatically improved when using chitosan with the lowest degree of deacetylation (61%DD) possibly due to a higher surface coverage of the MWCNTs. Zeta potential measurements were used to confirm that the chitosan surface coverage on the MWCNTs was twice as high when modifying the nanotubes surface with the 61%DD than when using the 93%DD chitosan. These results suggest that the dispersion of MWCNTs with chitosan can be improved when using chitosan having a degree of deacetylation of 61%. These results are of interest in particular for the improved dispersion of MWCNTs in aqueous solutions such as in drug delivery applications.     

Effect of Deacetylation Degree in Chitosan Composite Membranes on Pervaporation Performance

ABSTRACT

The effect of the degree of deacetylation in chitosan composite membranes on their pervaporation performance for ethanol dehydration was investigated. The degree of deacetylation of chitosans was measured by using an infrared spectroscopic method and elemental analysis. The chitosan composite membranes were prepared by coating a chitosan solution onto a microporous polyethersulfone membrane with 3–7 nm pore sizes. Then the surface of the top layer (chitosan) of well-dried membranes was crosslinked with sulfuric acid, and pervaporation experiments for binary mixtures (water—ethanol) were carried out at various conditions. In the case of a chitosan membrane with a high degree of deacetylation, the flux increases while the separation factor decreases compared with membranes with a low degree of deacetylation.     

不脱蛋白质壳聚糖制备工艺

采用D -近似最优设计法系统地研究了NaOH质量分数、碱处理时间及碱处理温度这三个主要因素对制备壳聚糖的影响 :当碱液质量分数增加时 ,壳聚糖的脱乙酰度增加 ,但其速度却在减小 ,当碱液质量分数达到 40 %时 ,脱乙酰度出现峰值 ,约为 90 % ,而后增加碱液质量分数时 ,脱乙酰度反而下降 ;随着反应温度的升高 ,其脱乙酰度几乎线性递增 ,当温度达到 2 0 0℃附近时 ,曲线趋于平直并且脱乙酰度达到最大 ;随着反应时间的增加 ,脱乙酰度开始呈线性增加 ,当反应时间超过 5 0min后 ,脱乙酰度有下降趋势 ;在一定碱液质量分数 (4 0 % )条件下 ,脱乙酰度随着温度的增加而增加 ,因此 ,若需获得较高质量的壳聚糖 ,必须提高反应温度     

Chitosan as Scaffold Materials: Effects of Molecular Weight and Degree of Deacetylation

In this study, we investigated in vitro the role of the degree of deacetylation and molecular weight on some biological properties of chitosan films. The influence of different degree of deacetylation and molecular weight of chitosan on the hydrophilicity, degradation, mechanical properties and biocompatibility were evaluated. The results showed that the degree of deacetylation affected the hydrophilicity and biocompatibility of the chitosan films. The molecular weight, on the other hand, affected the rate of degradation and the mechanical properties. Chitosan with higher degree of deacetylation and molecular weight was more suitable for tissue engineering applications. Alginate could be added into chitosan to modify the rigidity and hydrophilicity of chitosan. Higher hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, and elongation were found after modification.     

不同脱乙酰度壳聚糖的制备及其聚集行为研究

壳聚糖的脱乙酰度直接影响壳聚糖的物理化学和生物特性。在乙酸-水-甲醇体系中研究壳聚糖的乙酰化反应工艺,考察了反应时间、壳聚糖质量浓度对乙酰化反应的影响,优化了反应条件。研究表明,反应时间为6h时,壳聚糖乙酰化反应基本完全,乙酰化反应后,相对重均分子质量基本不变,壳聚糖相对分子质量分布变宽。在优化后的反应条件下,改变乙酸酐加入量分别制备了脱乙酰度为76%,64%和54%的不同脱乙酰度的壳聚糖。芘荧光光谱研究表明,壳聚糖的临界聚集浓度(CSC)随脱乙酰度的降低而增加。     

Liquid‐crystalline behavior of chitosan in malic acid

This report describes how the degree of deacetylation and molecular weight of chitosan and the concentrations of sodium chloride and malic acid affect the formation of lyotropic chitosan liquid crystals. Chitosan samples of various degrees of deacetylation were prepared from β‐chitin that was isolated from squid pens. They were degraded by ultrasonic irradiation to various molecular weights. The critical concentrations forming chitosan liquid crystals were determined with a polarized microscope. A chitosan sample with a degree of deacetylation of 67.2–83.6% formed cholesteric lyotropic liquid crystals when it was dissolved in 0.37–2.59M malic acid. The critical concentrations increased with increasing degrees of deacetylation of chitosan. They decreased with increasing molecular weights or increasing concentrations of sodium chloride and malic acid. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007     

溶解沉淀法制备高脱乙酰度壳聚糖

以乙醇为反应介质,采用溶解沉淀法制备了高脱乙酰壳聚糖。在反应温度８０℃,反应时间３ｈ,壳聚糖与氢氧化钠和乙醇的质量比为１∶３∶１６的条件下,获得了脱乙酰度达９０％的壳聚糖,而传统方法只有８０％。     

线性电位滴定法测定壳聚糖的脱乙酰度

采用线性电位滴定法测定壳聚糖的脱乙酰度,并与酸碱指示剂滴定法测定的结果进行比较,结果表明线性电位滴定法测定比较适合粘度高的样品,且分析速度快,操作简单,精密度高。