Organic materials for organic electronic devices

In recent years, organic electronic devices which use organic materials as an active layer have gained considerable interest as light-emitting devices, energy converting devices and switching devices in many applications. In these organic electronic devices, the organic materials play a key role of managing the device performances and various organic materials have been developed to improve the device performances of organic electronic devices. In this paper, recent developments of organic electronic materials for organic light-emitting diodes and organic solar cells were reviewed.     

A comparative study of farm nutrient budgets and nutrient flows of certified organic and non-organic farms in China,Brazil and Egypt

Increased demand for certified organic products has led to an increase in the number of certified organic farms in developing countries. Knowledge of farmer nutrient management practices on certified organic farms in developing countries is limited. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the adoption of certified organic agriculture on farm nutrient flows and nutrient budgets, and evaluate to which degree organic farms comply with organic principles relating to nutrient management. The study is based on five case studies of different types of certified organic farming systems in Brazil, Egypt and China. Farm nutrient flows and nutrient budgets for nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium were created for each farm. Four of the five organic systems studied had nutrient surpluses on the farm budget. The surpluses were of varying magnitude. The main difference between organic and non-organic farm nutrient flows was the replacement of mineral fertilizers with organic inputs. However, the magnitude of nutrient flows were generally similar for organic and non-organic farms. Certified organic farms with positive nutrient budgets had a heavy reliance on external inputs. Continued high dependence on an external supply of nutrients, which typically originate from mineral sources, poses a significant challenge to organic farmers’ fulfilment of the principles of organic agriculture.     

有机电化学的新进展

综述了有机电化学的最新进展。例如 :利用反应性电极的有机电合成 ;使用第Ⅳ族元素的有机电化学 ;利用三价磷化合物的有机电合成 ;把卤素作为成键元素的有机电合成 ;用光和磁场来影响电解反应的有机电合成等。     

现代有机农业与化肥

人们关注有机农业，因为它能生产有机农牧产品；人们也从不同视角议论有机农业。为此讨论什么是有机农业，在现代农业背景下，如何围绕传统、经典有机农业的核心目标（保护生态环境、自然资源和生物多样性，生产洁净、健康的有机产品），谋求发展较大规模和较高生产力的有机农业，以较多的有机产品满足人们需求。     

活性炭对不同有机物吸附性能的影响

通过活性炭对不同分子结构的有机物一阳离子嫩黄和苯酚、不同水体环境中苯酚的吸附,以及对水源水中挥发性有机物和可提取有机物的吸附规律研究结果表明,活性炭对水体中有机物的吸附量不仅与有机物的分子结构有关,而且与水体中有机物种类的多寡有关,水体中的各种有机物在活性炭上存在竞争吸附,对于挥发性有机物,随分子量的增大,其在活性炭上的吸附量越大;而对可提取有机物,随分子量的增大,其吸附量反而减小。     

On the Importance of Organic Oxygen for Understanding Organic Aerosol Particles

This study shows how aerosol organic oxygen data could provide new information about organic aerosol mass, aqueous solubility of organic aerosols, formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and the relative contributions of anthropogenic and biogenic sources. For more than two decades, atmospheric aerosol organic mass (OM) concentration has been estimated by multiplying the measured carbon content by an assumed (OM)-to-organic carbon (OC) factor, usually 1.4. However, this factor can vary from 1.0 to 2.5 depending on location. This large uncertainty about aerosol organic mass limits our understanding of the influence of organic aerosol on climate, visibility and health. New examination of organic aerosol speciation data shows that the oxygen content is responsible for the observed range in the OM-to-OC factor. When organic oxygen content is excluded, the ratio of non-oxygen organic mass to carbon mass varies very little across different environments (1.12 to 1.14). The non-oxygen-OM-to-OC factor for all studied sites (urban and non-urban) averaged 1.13. The uncertainty becomes an order of magnitude smaller than the uncertainty in the best current estimates of organic mass to organic carbon ratios (1.6 ± 0.2 for urban and 2.1 ± 0.2 for non-urban areas). This analysis suggests that, when aerosol organic oxygen data become available, organic aerosol mass can be quite accurately estimated using just OC and organic oxygen (OO) without the need to know whether the aerosol is fresh or aged. In addition, aerosol organic oxygen data will aid prediction of water solubility since compounds with OO-to-OC higher than 0.4 have water solubilities higher than 1 g per 100 g water.     

有机硅化合物应用进展

叙述了生物有机硅材料、耐高温有机硅材料、功能性有机硅材料、改性有机硅材料等在相关领域的应用.     

现代有机与生物分析的新方法及在有机合成过程与现场分析中的应用

简要介绍了现代有机与生物分析的发展及应用,重点综述了有机波谱与生物波谱的新方法及应用,现代有机与生物分析在有机合成与现场分析研究中的应用,并对现代有机与生物分析的发展前景进行了展望。     

表面活性剂在有机电合成中的应用

主要讲述了表面活性剂在有机电合成中的作用和最近的研究情况。将有机电合成分为间接电合成和直接电合成两部分，简单介绍了表面活性剂在间接电合成中的作用和作用机理，着重介绍了表面活性剂在直接电合成中的应用情况、作用机理以及如何选择合适的表面活性剂。最后提出了表面活性剂的研究方向。     

绿色有机合成教学研究

绿色有机合成是有机合成重要的前沿领域之一。在研究生的有机合成课程中介绍绿色有机合成的有关知识,对于学生了解当前有机合成的发展趋势具有重要意义。本文概述了绿色有机合成的教学内容和方式,并根据课程的特点就如何提高教学质量进行了探讨。     

有机肥料中有机质检测影响因素探讨

有机肥料在农作物生长过程中起着非常重要的作用。通过合理施加有机肥料,可以有效提升土壤肥力,提高农作物的产量和品质。土壤中有机质的含量是判断土壤肥力的重要依据。所以,在农业种植中要特别重视测定有机肥料中有机质的含量。作为检测有机质的一线人员,在检测过程中发现采用不同的标准、方法都会对检测结果产生影响。主要分析了有机肥料中有机质的检测方法以及应该注意的事项。     

利用荧光探针检测有机农药的研究进展

从超分子化合物荧光探针、有机小分子荧光探针及金属有机框架(MOFs)荧光探针3个方面,对目前荧光探针有机农药检测技术所涉及的探针类型、有机农药种类、溶剂体系、作用现象及检测机理进行了归纳和总结;并着重对MOFs荧光探针在有机农药检测技术研究领域的发展趋势做了总结和展望。未来中国有机农药检测技术将沿着探索快速、高效、环境友好检测技术的趋势,发展更具环境、经济及社会效益的有机农药检测及污染修复联用技术。     

DMP试剂在有机合成中的应用

重点综述了12-I-5 3-乙酸基高碘酸盐(DMP试剂)在有机合成中6类重要应用，并对其在有机合成领域的应用前景作了展望。     

现代有机分析的新方法新技术及其应用新进展

简要介绍了现代有机分析的产生发展及应用,详细综述了:1纳米材料在现代有机分析中的应用;2现代有机分析在检测植物残留农药上的应用;3现代有机分析在医药学研究中的应用。并对现代有机分析的发展进行了展望。     

浅谈我校有机化学实验教学改革措施

有机化学是一门实验性很强的学科,实验在有机化学的学习中占有重要的地位,为了提高有机化学实验的教学质量,让学生在绿色化的实验条件下掌握更多的操作技能,本文根据学校现有的实验状况,在微量、半微量有机化学实验,计算机和多媒体仿真辅助实验教学,整合有机化学实验,采用现代实验技术手段四个方面提出了几点有机化学实验教学改革的措施.     

立体位阻在有机化学教学中的应用

立体效应是有机化学中重要的理论依据,可以解决有机物质结构和性质及有机反应的机理等问题。本文拟以实例阐述立体位阻在有机化学教学中的应用。     

有机化学及实验教学的思考

从三个方面阐述了有机化学教学及实验中如何培养学生直觉思维能力,其一充分发挥课堂教学的主渠道,培养学生直觉思维能力,其二通过精心设计的学生课外作业,有意识地培养学生直觉思维能力;其三是让学生直接参与教师科研活动,培养学生直觉思维能力;人文精神的体现.对当下的有机化学教育教学具有一定的指导意义.     

粉末涂料用有机颜料概述

粉末涂料用有机颜料属于高性能有机颜料,是作为无机颜料的一种补充,补齐了无机颜料在颜色鲜艳度、色相齐全方面的缺陷.有机颜料的许多应用性能不仅决定于化学结构,粒径大小与分布、颗粒表面极性、晶体类型与结晶度、表面改性对有机颜料也有很大的影响.本文从有机颜料物理形态、晶型、化学结构特性等方面阐述有机颜料的性能,同时介绍了粉末涂...     

对有机电合成的原理及应用

本文综述了国内外成对有机电合成的新研究进展,根据电解合成的方式即电解过程是否需要媒质的情况对成对有机电合成进行了新的分类,介绍了这二类有机成对电合成的原理和应用情况,并对它们的特点进行了评述。成对有机电合成的不断发展,为有机化合物的合成开辟了新的途径,并将推动绿色工业的进步,其应用将会有更广阔的前景。