Consensus of Multi-Agent Systems with Input Constraints Based on Distributed Predictive Control Scheme

Consensus control of multi-agent systems has attracted compelling attentions from various scientific communities for its promising applications. This paper presents a discrete-time consensus protocol for a class of multi-agent systems with switching topologies and input constraints based on distributed predictive control scheme. The consensus protocol is not only distributed but also depends on the errors of states between agent and its neighbors. We focus mainly on dealing with the input constraints and a distributed model predictive control scheme is developed to achieve stable consensus under the condition that both velocity and acceleration constraints are included simultaneously. The acceleration constraint is regarded as the changing rate of velocity based on some reasonable assumptions so as to simplify the analysis. Theoretical analysis shows that the constrained system steered by the proposed protocol achieves consensus asymptotically if the switching interaction graphs always have a spanning tree. Numerical examples are also provided to illustrate the validity of the algorithm.     

Analyzing the Structure and Connectivity of Continent-Level Internet Topology

The research and analysis of Internet topology is hot in the field of network measurement, which have important applications in network security, traffic scheduling and many other fields. Most of the existing works are focused on the AS-level and router-level topology, but few works are about the IP-level topology. In fact, obtaining the topology of each continent and knowing how the topologies of the continents are connected to each other can help us understanding the Internet around the world more thoroughly. In this paper, we obtained data sets from RIPE, constructed and analyzed network topologies of all the continents. By analyzing the topological connections between continents, we found out that most of the junctions of inter-continent traces are located in a few countries.     

Performance of locality-aware topologies for peer-to-peer live streaming

This study is concerned with the effect of overlay network topology on the performance of live streaming peer-to-peer systems. The study focuses on the evaluation of topologies which are aware of the delays experienced between different peers on the network. Metrics are defined which assess the topologies in terms of delay, bandwidth usage and resilience to peer drop-out. Several topology creation algorithms are tested and the metrics are measured in a simple simulation testbed. This gives an assessment of the type of gains, which might be expected from locality awareness in peer-to-peer networks.     

Parallel solution of closely coupled systems

The odd—even permutation and associated unitary transformations for reordering the matrix coefficient A is employed as a means of breaking the strong seriality which is characteristic of closely coupled systems. The nested dissection technique is also reviewed, and the equivalence between reordering A and dissecting its network is established. The effect of transforming A with odd—even permutation on its topology and the topology of its Cholesky factors is discussed. This leads to the construction of directed graphs showing the computational steps required for factoring A , their precedence relationships and their sequential and concurrent assignment to the available processors. Expressions for the speed-up and efficiency of using N processors in parallel relative to the sequential use of a single processor are derived from the directed graph. Similar expressions are also derived when the number of available processors is fewer than required.     

二维离散时间切换系统可镇定性研究

考虑了二维线性离散时间切换系统的二次可镇定问题,在子系统可镇定或者可控的前提下,通过设计切换状态反馈控制器,给出了系统二次可镇定的充要条件,从而保证了任意切换下闭环系统的二次稳定性。仿真结果验证了本文的主要结论。     

异步切换下切换时变时滞系统的保成本控制

切换系统是一种重要的混杂系统,由若干子系统及决定子系统之间切换的切换信号组成。在工程应用中,控制器切换与子系统的切换会存在时延,即异步切换。研究了异步切换下的时变时滞系统的保成本控制问题,利用分段李雅普诺夫函数法和平均驻留时间法,得到保成本控制器存在的充分条件,并从线性矩阵不等式的角度,设计了一个异步切换保成本控制器,使得系统具有鲁棒性能。最后,给出了一个数值例子验证提出的方法的有效性。     

异步切换下切换系统的动态输出反馈保成本控制

作为一类重要的混杂系统,切换系统由若干个子系统以及一个协调各子系统之间切换的切换信号构成,在自然科学、工程控制和社会系统等方面有着广泛的应用。在对切换系统的控制问题进行研究时,一般假设子系统和控制器同步运行。然而,在实际工程控制中,控制器的切换相对于子系统的切换存在切换时延,从而产生异步切换。因此,对异步切换下的切换系统研究是十分必要的。针对一类异步切换下切换系统的动态输出反馈保成本控制问题进行了研究。报告了切换系统的研究现状以及异步切换下切换系统的最新研究成果。利用分段李雅普诺夫函数法和平均驻留时间法,得到了使得异步切换下的闭环切换系统稳定的动态输出反馈控制器存在的充分条件。从线性矩阵不等式的角度,提出了异步切换动态输出反馈保成本控制器设计方案,并给出成本上界的优化方法。最后,通过一个数值算例说明了提出的方法的有效性。     

Dynamics and processing in finite self-similar networks

A common feature of biological networks is the geometrical property of self-similarity. Molecular regulatory networks through to circulatory systems, nervous systems, social systems and ecological trophic networks show self-similar connectivity at multiple scales. We analyse the relationship between topology and signalling in contrasting classes of such topologies. We find that networks differ in their ability to contain or propagate signals between arbitrary nodes in a network depending on whether they possess branching or loop-like features. Networks also differ in how they respond to noise, such that one allows for greater integration at high noise, and this performance is reversed at low noise. Surprisingly, small-world topologies, with diameters logarithmic in system size, have slower dynamical time scales, and may be less integrated (more modular) than networks with longer path lengths. All of these phenomena are essentially mesoscopic, vanishing in the infinite limit but producing strong effects at sizes and time scales relevant to biology.     

Progressive ladder network topology combining interferometric and intensity fiber-optic-based sensors

Progressive ladder topology is studied by consideration of its properties of power budget and coupler tailoring. Optimization criteria are addressed for lossless and real systems, and their basic characteristics are compared with other topologies. Numerical results are presented, and an experiment is described for the case in which the network supports interferometric and intensity (with referentiation) fiber-optic-based sensors.     

Design and analysis of a full bridge LLC DC-DC converter for auxiliary power supplies in traction

This paper focuses on an 8 kW LLC resonant full bridge DC-DC converter topology using a high frequency transformer for auxiliary power supply systems in traction. The full bridge DC-DC converter with the LLC resonant network has been tested under hard switching and zero current switching conditions with 100 kHz switching frequency. In addition to this, an observation made for the effect of dead time variation of the power switches to improve the overall system efficiency. This paper describes the efficiency of the ZCS full bridge converter by considering different input power levels and also compared with hard switched topology. This paper presents the operating principles, simulation analysis, and experimental verification for 3 kW to 8 kW LLC resonant full bridge converter with 1200 V/40 A IGBTs, and its efficiency comparison.     

Hybrid discrete-time neural networks

Hybrid dynamical systems combine evolution equations with state transitions. When the evolution equations are discrete-time (also called map-based), the result is a hybrid discrete-time system. A class of biological neural network models that has recently received some attention falls within this category: map-based neuron models connected by means of fast threshold modulation (FTM). FTM is a connection scheme that aims to mimic the switching dynamics of a neuron subject to synaptic inputs. The dynamic equations of the neuron adopt different forms according to the state (either firing or not firing) and type (excitatory or inhibitory) of their presynaptic neighbours. Therefore, the mathematical model of one such network is a combination of discrete-time evolution equations with transitions between states, constituting a hybrid discrete-time (map-based) neural network. In this paper, we review previous work within the context of these models, exemplifying useful techniques to analyse them. Typical map-based neuron models are low-dimensional and amenable to phase-plane analysis. In bursting models, fast-slow decomposition can be used to reduce dimensionality further, so that the dynamics of a pair of connected neurons can be easily understood. We also discuss a model that includes electrical synapses in addition to chemical synapses with FTM. Furthermore, we describe how master stability functions can predict the stability of synchronized states in these networks. The main results are extended to larger map-based neural networks.     

非线性扰动的切换系统的异步控制：模态依赖的平均驻留时间方法

研究了一类具有非线性扰动的切换系统的异步控制问题,异步是指控制器的切换相对于子系统的切换经历时间延迟。利用异步切换系统状态方程的解析解直接研究系统动力学,无需构造任何李雅普诺夫函数。提出了保证闭环系统在模态依赖平均驻留时间(MDADT)方案下指数稳定的充分条件。MDADT意味着每个子系统都有自己的平均驻留时间(ADT),这比ADT更具一般性。此外,利用线性矩阵不等式方法设计了异步切换控制器。最后,通过数值算例说明了该方法的有效性。     

一类非线性动态系统的自适应模糊小波神经网络控制

对未知非线性动态系统研究基于模糊小波神经网络的自适应跟踪问题,首先构建一个模糊小波神经网络用于逼近未知的非线性函数的模型,然后根据李亚普诺夫稳定性理论建立自适应率,在线调整的模型参数包括小波网络的权重、小波的伸缩量、偏移量和模糊集合隶属函数的相关参数。提出了一种自适应模糊小波神经网络的滑模控制策略,保证系统的跟踪误差和对外界干扰的抑制被衰减到期望的程度。证明了闭环系统的半全局收敛性和鲁棒性,对倒立摆系统的仿真试验证明了所提控制方法的有效性。     

A new asymmetric dual source multilevel inverter topology with reduced power switches

Multilevel inverters can synthesize a high-voltage staircase waveform with low- and medium-voltage components. A new multilevel inverter topology called Asymmetric Dual Source Multilevel Inverter (ADS-MLI) is proposed. When compared to the topologies found in the literature, it can produce multiple levels in the output voltage with fewer power switches. Most of the topologies found in the literature require cascading features to achieve asymmetric operation; but the ADS-MLI can operate without the need for cascading. A simulation prototype capable of synthesizing 13 levels is developed in MATLAB Simulink environment. Its performance is evaluated in the aspects of; number of switching components, efficiency, THD, switching voltage stress and common mode voltage. The simulated efficiency and power quality of the DS-MLI is validated using a 1 kW prototype fabricated using FGA25N120-ANTD controlled by FPGA-SPARTAN 6 processor. Further, the DS-MLI is field tested with a 1 kW solar PV unit and the results are presented.     

Feasibility of online collaborative voltage stability control of power systems

The authors present the results of feasibility study of a novel concept of power system online collaborative voltage stability control. Online collaboration between power system controllers is proposed in order to enhance their overall performance and efficiency to cope with the increasing operational uncertainty of modern power systems. The framework of the proposed online collaborative voltage stability control is first presented, which is based on the deployment of multi-agent systems and real-time communication for online collaborative control. Then, two of the most important issues in implementing the proposed online collaborative voltage stability control are addressed: (1) Error-tolerant communication protocol for fast information exchange among multiple intelligent agents; (2) Deployment of multi-agent systems by using graph theory to implement power system post-emergency control. Results of testing the proposed online collaborative voltage stability control in the case of the 10-machine 39-node New England power system are presented. Results of a feasibility study by means of a simulation are given that take into consideration low-probability cascading faults in the power system.     

无线传感器网络几类拓扑控制及其抗毁性应用简述

无线传感器网络的拓扑结构随着网络中节点的增加、减少和移动实时变化,为保证网络的连通性和覆盖性不被影响,拓扑控制技术所要解决的问题正是传感器节点如何更好地自组织构建全局网络拓扑．本文首先概述了四类拓扑控制算法的理论基础及算法步骤．然后,对提高网络抗毁性的两类拓扑演化算法进行了详细叙述,即无标度网络生长与构建$k$连通网络,分别构建了基于节点位置偏好的移动网络拓扑模型和基于$k$连通的节点调度优化模型．最后,分别从移动节点的引入、折中控制算法的探索、复杂网络理论的应用和传统算法与智能算法的结合这四方面对拓扑控制算法的前景进行了阐述．     

Certain dynamic problems in photocompensated amplifiers

Conclusions The effect of a differentiating network on the transient process in a galvanometric compensator depends to a great extent on the place where this network is connected.A differentiating network connected into the direct amplifying channel raises the damping of the system. But, in this case, the transient process depends not only on the degree of damping, but also on the extent to which the damping is due to magnetic induction and to the differentiating network. The operating speed of the system rises with an increasing effect of the differentiating network; however, its sensitivity to noise also rises, usually.When a differentiating network is connected into the feedback channel, the system's transient processes remain identical to those produced by magnetic induction damping provided by the galvanometer coil or frame.The relationships cited in the article provide the possibility for computing parameters of differentiating networks for a given degree of damping.It should be noted that although the above data refer to a compensator with dynamic properties represented by a second-order characteristic equation, the above differentiating networks can be used to raise the available stability in systems represented by characteristic equations of the third and higher orders.     

Micromachined Vibratory Gyroscopes Controlled by a High-Order Bandpass Sigma-Delta Modulator

This work reports on the design of novel closed-loop control systems for the sense mode of a vibratory-rate gyroscope based on a high-order sigma-delta modulator (SigmaDeltaM). A low-pass and two distinctive bandpass topologies are derived, and their advantages discussed. So far, most closed-loop force-feedback control systems for these sensors were based on low-pass SigmaDeltaM's. Usually, the sensing element of a vibratory gyroscope is designed with a high quality factor Q to increase the sensitivity and, hence, can be treated as a mechanical resonator. Furthermore, the output characteristic of vibratory rate gyroscopes is narrowband amplitude-modulated signal. Therefore, a bandpass SigmaDeltaM is a more appropriate control strategy for a vibratory gyroscope than a low-pass SigmaDeltaM. Using a high-order bandpass SigmaDeltaM, the control system can adopt a much lower sampling frequency compared with a low-pass SigmaDeltaM while achieving a similar noise floor for a given oversampling ratio (OSR). In addition, a control system based on a high-order bandpass SigmaDeltaM is superior as it not only greatly shapes the quantization noise, but also alleviates tonal behavior, as is often seen in low-order SigmaDeltaM control systems, and has good immunities to fabrication tolerances and parameter mismatch. These properties are investigated in this study at system level     

VSC-HVDC稳定控制研究

基于电压源换流器（voltage-source converter,VSC）的高压直流输电系统（high voltage direct current,HVDC）拥有良好的有功无功功率控制能力以及更适合构成多端输电系统的优势,目前被认为是极具潜力的输电方式。柔性直流输电系统的控制及稳定性是影响输电系统运行安全和性能的重要因素。针对柔性直流输电系统的研究,首先概述了两端柔性直流输电系统的拓扑及其解耦控制和附加控制方式,然后从基本的两端拓扑结构延伸到多端输电系统拓扑和混合输电系统拓扑,着重分析了多端系统的下垂控制、故障穿越能力和混合直流输电系统的控制,接着又讨论了风电接入之下的柔性直流输电系统的稳定性及控制,可为今后相关研究提供参考。