不同尺度纤维复合增强水泥基材料的抗氯离子渗透性能

为研究不同尺度纤维复合增强水泥基材料的抗氯离子渗透性能,对单掺和复掺碳酸钙晶须、聚乙烯醇（PVA）纤维的水泥基材料分别进行电通量试验、电镜扫描观测及基本力学性能试验,分析不同纤维尺度、掺量及复合比例对水泥基材料抗氯离子渗透性能和基本力学性能的影响规律,并基于试验结果给出了多纤维复合增强水泥基材料的氯离子侵蚀深度计算模型。结果表明,不同尺度纤维可在不同结构层次上发挥对水泥基材料的增强作用,使得多纤维复合增强水泥基材料的抗氯离子渗透性能明显优于单一纤维增强水泥基材料;多纤维复合材料的抗压强度与氯离子侵蚀深度及电通量大致呈反比例关系;当复合材料的抗压强度提高13.6%时,其氯离子侵蚀深度和总电通量则分别降低39.1%和44.7%;建立的氯离子侵蚀深度计算模型,可用于多纤维复合增强水泥基材料的抗氯离子渗透和侵蚀性能评估。     

耐碱玻璃纤维ECC复合材料受压应力–应变关系

为研究耐碱玻璃纤维工程用水泥基复合材料（耐碱玻璃纤维ECC）的抗压性能及应力-应变关系，对33组高性能水泥基材料试件进行了轴压性能试验，分析了纤维掺量、纤维长度及水灰比对耐碱玻璃纤维ECC的受压性能及应力-应变关系的影响，提出了耐碱玻璃纤维ECC受压应力-应变关系计算模型。结果表明，掺入耐碱玻璃纤维可以明显改善水泥基材料在单轴受压状态下的抗裂、受力和变形性能；耐碱玻璃纤维ECC试件抗压强度和变形能力的提升程度与纤维掺量、纤维长度及水灰比有关；随着纤维掺量和长度增加，耐碱玻璃纤维ECC试件的抗压强度和变形能力大致呈递增趋势，但掺量过多会因“团聚”现象明显导致试件抗压强度降低；水灰比主要影响试件的抗压强度，水灰比越大，抗压强度越小；当纤维质量掺量为6.5%、纤维长度为18mm及水灰比为0.32时，碱玻璃纤维ECC的综合力学性能相对较优，其抗压强度和变形能力分别可提升25.6%和88%；提出的应力-应变关系模型的计算值与试验值吻合较好，可用于描述耐碱玻璃纤维ECC的受压破坏全过程。     

几何混杂钢纤维水泥基材料的断裂性能研究

采用不同几何尺度混杂钢纤维增强水泥基材料的断裂性能,结果表明,在纤维体积分数一定的情况下,几何混杂钢纤维对水泥基材料强度和断裂韧性的改善优于单一尺度钢纤维。选用适当混杂比的几何混杂钢纤维增强水泥基体,可制备出断裂性能较好的GHFRCC材料。     

耐碱玻璃纤维及其混杂纤维混凝土的弯曲疲劳特性

研究了玻璃纤维、有机纤维及混杂纤维增强混凝土的弯曲疲劳特性。试验结果表明：耐碱玻璃纤维对疲劳性能的改善效果优于聚丙烯纤维;当玻璃纤维掺量为2.7 kg·m^-3时,玻璃纤维混凝土疲劳强度比素混凝土提高24%;玻璃纤维与有机纤维混杂使用后,构件的弯曲疲劳性能有了较为显著的改善,玻璃纤维掺量2.7 kg·m^-3与有机纤维掺量1.3 kg·m^-3混掺时,混杂纤维混凝土疲劳强度比素混凝土提高35.0%,即混杂纤维能充分发挥各种纤维的优势,对改善混凝土的疲劳性能比单掺玻璃纤维和有机纤维的作用都显著。     

MDF水泥的玻璃纤维增强研究

研究了中碱和抗碱玻璃纤维作为ＭＤＦ水泥的增强材料的可行性及它的增强效果，试图通过向ＭＤＦ不泥中引入玻璃纤维来改善它的耐水性能，研究结果表明，中碱和抗碱玻璃纤维作为ＭＤＦ水泥的增强材料具有较好的耐久性，并能显著提高ＭＤＦ水泥的拉弯强度，断裂韧性和耐水性能，玻璃纤维的Ｌ／Ｄ制约着参掺量Ｖｆ对ＭＤＦ水泥的物理性能的影响，并决定着的该材料的结构特征，采用本文介绍的工艺，在制备ＭＤＦ水泥材料时，玻璃纤维长度     

单掺与混掺纤维增强自密实轻骨料混凝土力学性能试验研究

为了研究纤维对自密实轻骨料混凝土力学性能的影响,将不同种类(耐碱玻璃纤维、剑麻纤维和1∶1耐碱玻璃-剑麻混杂纤维)及掺量的纤维加入自密实轻骨料混凝土中,并测定其7 d、28 d抗压强度与劈裂抗拉强度.试验结果表明:随着纤维掺量的增加,3种纤维对自密实轻骨料混凝土抗压强度的作用效果无明显提高;劈裂抗拉强度呈先增大后减小的规律,且最大提升40.2%,混杂纤维、耐碱玻璃纤维、剑麻纤维最优掺量分别为1 kg/m~3、1 kg/m~3、2 kg/m~3;相同掺量下,耐碱玻璃纤维、剑麻纤维、混杂纤维试块的抗劈裂性能较对照组都有提高,掺耐碱-剑麻混杂纤维协同效果对自密实轻骨料混凝土劈裂抗拉性能指标提高作用最佳,其次是耐碱玻璃纤维,提高幅度最小为剑麻纤维.     

集束型玻璃纤维混凝土轴拉、弯曲和断裂性能

为掌握不同掺率耐碱集束型玻璃纤维混凝土的力学韧性,本文对不同体积掺率的耐碱集束型玻璃纤维混凝土和钢纤维及粗聚烯烃纤维混凝土进行了轴拉、四点弯曲韧性和三点切口梁断裂试验。分析了纤维掺率对耐碱集束型玻璃纤维混凝土力学性能的影响规律,并和同体积掺率的钢纤维和粗聚烯烃纤维混凝土进行了比较。试验表明:耐碱集束型玻璃纤维混凝土轴拉性能优于同体积掺率的粗聚烯烃纤维混凝土,轴拉强度和极限拉应变均略高于同体积掺率的钢纤维混凝土;耐碱集束型玻璃纤维体积掺率为0. 75%时,弯曲韧性值和峰值强度比素混凝土分别提高了191. 73%和11. 47%,断裂韧度和断裂能比素混凝土分别提高了28. 16%和268. 69%,该掺率下耐碱集束型玻璃纤维混凝土弯曲韧性指标和断裂力学指标增幅较大。     

超高韧性水泥基材料的制备技术

分别采用活性粉末混凝土（RPC）和渗浇钢纤维混凝土（SIFCON）两种制备工艺,根据水泥基材料结构的多尺度特征,研究了由碳酸钙晶须和微钢纤维复合增强的超高韧性水泥基材料（Ultra-High-Toughness Cementitious Composite,简称UHTCC）的制备技术,测试UHTCC不同配比的抗压强度、抗折强度、抗弯强度以及单轴拉伸性能,采用折压比、韧性指数等多个指标对UHTCC的韧性进行了评价。试验表明：UHTCC的抗压强度、抗折强度、抗弯强度以及延性和韧性都远高于普通钢纤维混凝土,其抗弯强度最高达65.1 MPa、韧性指数I₂₀最高达49.21,单轴拉伸试验时呈现明显的假应变硬化行为,极限拉应变可达4%~8%。相对而言,利用SIFCON工艺制得的水泥基材料韧性更高。     

FRP标线材料的制备及性能研究

近几年,新型的道路标线带成为发展趋势.本文采用模压成型工艺,以玻璃纤维布为增强材料、以丙烯酸酯改性不饱和聚酯树脂为基体制作FRP标线.性能分析表明,标线材料的耐水、耐碱性能非常优良,力学性能优异;采用环氧树脂胶黏剂粘结FRP在水介质中与基面的粘结强度优异;FRP标线具有良好的耐磨性,标线的使用寿命预计远远好于现有道路标线材料.     

MDF水泥的玻璃纤维增强研究

研究了中碱和抗碱玻璃纤维作为ＭＤＦ水泥的增强材料的可行性以及它的增强效果，试图通过向ＭＤＦ水泥中引入玻璃纤维来改善它的耐水性能。研究结果表明：中碱和抗碱玻璃纤维作为ＭＤＦ水泥的增强材料具有较好的耐久性，并能显著提高ＭＤＦ水泥的抗弯强度、断裂韧性和耐水性能；玻璃纤维的Ｌ／Ｄ制约着其掺量Ｖｆ对ＭＤＦ水泥的物理性能的影响，并决定着该材料的结构特征；采用本文介绍的工艺，在制备ＭＤＦ水泥材料时，玻璃纤维长度以５ｍｍ为宜。     

Serviceability and reinforcement of low content whisker in portland cement

In order to explore the serviceability and reinforcement of CaCO₃ whisker in portland cement matrix, the durability of CaCO₃ whisker and effect of low whisker content(0%–4.0%) on the working performance and mechanical properties of portland cement were investigated. The experimental results show that CaCO₃ whiskers have a good stability and serviceability in cement, and should not significantly alter the rheological properties of the cement paste. The flexural and compressive strength of portland cement reinforced by CaCO₃ whiskers was increased by 33.3% and 12.83%, respectively.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of CaCO<Subscript>3</Subscript> whisker-reinforced cement

Composite Portland cement (PC) played an important role in various kinds of construction engineering owing to low hydration heat, low-cost, and application of solid industrial waste, but its brittleness and low strength limited its use in stress-bearing locations. The aim of this study is to improve the toughness and fracture resistance by incorporating CaCO₃ whisker in cement matrix. Effect of different content of calcium carbonate whiskers on the mechanical properties of PC was investigated. The results showed that the flexural strength, impact strength and split tensile strength were increased by 39.7%, 39.25% and 36.34% at maximum, respectively. Microstructure and elements of the whiskers in hardened cement were observed and analyzed by SEM/EDS. The mechanisms of the reinforcement of CaCO₃ whisker on cement were also discussed, and the conclusion was that the improvement could be correlated to energy-dissipating processes owing to crack bridging, crack deflection, and whisker pull-out at the crack tips.     

Tensile properties of an aluminum matrix composite reinforced by SnO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-coated Al<Subscript>18</Subscript>B<Subscript>4</Subscript>O<Subscript>33</Subscript> whisker

Al18B4O33 whisker was coated by SnO2 particles using a chemical precipitation method, and an aluminum matrix composite reinforced by the coated whisker was fabricated by squeeze casting technique. It is found that the SnO2 coating can react with aluminum matrix during squeeze casting process, and Sn particles are induced near the interface between Al18B4O33 whisker and matrix. The tensile test at room temperature indicated that the tensile strength of Al18B4O33 whisker reinforced aluminum matrix composite can be enhanced by suitable content of SnO2 coating. The composites with various whisker coating contents exhibit maximum tensile plasticity at about 300 ℃, and the composite with a suitable whisker coating content could enhance its tensile plasticity evidently, which suggest that an Al18B4O33 whisker-Al composite with both high strength at room temperature and high formability at elevated temperature can be designed.     

超高性能轻质混凝土的力学性能及微观结构

超高性能轻质混凝土(ultra-high performance lightweight concrete,UHPLC)是一种由高强水泥浆体、漂珠和纤维组成的密度低于1 950 kg/m~3的新型水泥基结构材料。本文研究了不同养护制度及养护龄期对UHPLC抗压强度、轴拉力学性能和弯曲性能的影响,最后利用扫描电镜观察了UHPLC中漂珠的微观形貌。结果表明:随着龄期增长,UHPLC的抗压强度、轴拉性能和弯曲性能均提高,并出现明显的应变强化现象,说明养护龄期对UHPLC基体强度和纤维-UHPLC基体的界面黏结强度均有显著提高作用;高温蒸汽养护3 d可促进UHPLC基体早期强度发展,使UHPLC的抗压强度和弯曲性能迅速达到标准养护28 d时的水平,显著缩短养护龄期,但对纤维-基体界面黏结强度的贡献不大,黏结强度仍主要受龄期影响;UHPLC实测密度为1 815.2 kg/m~3,100 mm立方体抗压强度达103.1 MPa,极限抗拉强度达7.60 MPa,极限拉应变达0.431%,出现明显的应变强化现象,弯曲峰值强度达22.43 MPa,满足了RPC160的抗折强度要求,实现了水泥基结构材料轻质高强的目标。     

添加不同纤维的高性能混凝土力学性能试验

通过试验研究了弹性模量具有明显差异的3种纤维对于混凝土的力学性能改善所起的作用,以及钢纤维、碳纤维和聚丙烯纤维单掺或复掺对于混凝土的抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和弹性模量的影响。结果表明：添加0．5％高弹性模量的钢纤维对于混凝土的强度和弹性模量均有提高作用,复掺0．3％钢纤维和0．2％碳纤维的混凝土抗拉强度的提高大于抗压强度;添加0．5％钢纤维的混凝土HPC-2的弹性模量最大,比基准混凝土提高6．5％;添加0．2％聚丙烯纤维的混凝土HPC-3的弹性模量最小,且小于基准混凝土;此外,混凝土抗压强度的影响程度与纤维的弹性模量的关系更为直接,混凝土劈裂抗拉强度的改善与纤维的抗拉强度的关系更为直接,纤维的弹性模量与基体弹性模量的比值,对复合材料的弹性模量有直接的影响。     

苎麻增强不饱和聚酯复合材料的力学性能

分别以苎麻原麻和碱处理的原麻（碱麻）为增强体,KH550为偶联剂,制备了苎麻增强不饱和聚酯复合材料．探讨了偶联剂用量和纤维含量对复合材料力学性能的影响,并用扫描电子显微镜对复合材料的断面进行了观察．实验结果表明,复合材料的力学性能得到了较大的提高．原彬不饱和聚酯复合材料的拉伸强度达132．6MPa,弯曲强度达364．6MPa;碱彬不饱和聚酯复合材料拉伸强度迭116．5MPa,弯曲强度达297．7MPa．     

Fabrication and Characterization of Nano- CaCO3/Polypropylene Foam Sheets

By applying the reinforcing and toughening effect of calcium carbonate （CaCO3） nanoparticles on polypropylene, foam sheets of good performance were successfully fabricated by extrusion. The equipment and conditions of the extrusion were explored. The mechanical properties of the produced foam sheets were tested. The effect of CaCO3 nano-particles on the mechanical properties and the cellular structure of the sheets was comprehensively studied. The experimental results show that the optimum content of CaCO3 nano-particles in the composite material was -4wt%. At this content, the nano-particles were well dispersed in the substrate, and the composite material had maximum tensile strength and impact strength. Surface treatment of the nano-particles only affected the impact strength of the composite material. CaCO3 micro-particles, on the other hand, showed little effect on the properties of the composite material when the micro-particles content was less than 5 wt%. At a content higher than 5wt%, the properties of the composite material significantly worsened.     

Effect of combination of steel fiber and MgO-type expansive agent on properties of concrete

The effect of combination of steel fiber and MgO-type expansive agent (MEA) on strength, air-permeability and porosity of concrete was investigated. The porosity and air-permeability of concrete were determined by method of evaporated water and Torrent permeability tester, respectively. Pore structures of mortars in concrete were analyzed using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). Interfacial structures between steel fibers and matrix were examined by use of optical microscope. The experimental results show that improvement of pore structures of mortar and fiber-matrix interfacial structure in concrete by combination of steel fiber and MEA may remarkably increase properties of concrete. In comparison with plain concrete, compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of steel fiber reinforced expansive concrete increased by 15.3% and 38.1%, permeability coefficient K _t, penetration depth L and porosity of concrete decreased by 41.1%, 21.3% and 13.1% at 28 days, respectively.