地下洞室群自然通风网络计算机分析模型

依据自然通风网络稳定流动的物理规律和图论的相关理论，对热源形式作了简化，建立了约束气流温度参数的补充方程组，推导出其矩阵表达式；根据网络分支流量一温度参数的耦合特点，提出模型求解的一种数值计算方法，得到自然通风网络的计算机分析模型。     

复位平衡法在索网结构找力分析中的应用

对索网结构找力分析中的一种方法——复位平衡法进行了研究,分析了该方法的基本思想和算法,算例结果表明：对大型索网结构通过复位平衡法的找力分析可以得到满足给定形状的预应力分布。     

钢筋混凝土结构耐久性分析的神经网络法

主要采用神经网络方法和可靠度理论,依据混凝土中钢筋的锈蚀量,对钢筋混凝土构件的可靠指标进行了分析,并运用所得的结果进行了耐久性分析,以期指导结构设计人员科学合理地控制结构耐久性。     

基于集对分析的供水管网漏损预测模型

探讨了集对分析法在供水管网漏损预测中的实现途径,从同、异、反三个方面度量漏损预测样本与历史样本的相似性,建立了基于集对分析的漏损预测(SPA-LF)模型。应用结果表明,SPA-LF对预测过程不确定性的描述较为详细,供水管网漏点数及漏损频率预测结果均显示出SPA-LF模型的有效性,减小了预测过程的不确定性,与灰色系统模型、指数平滑模型及神经网络模型预测结果相比,SPA-LF模型取得了满意的预测精度。SPA-LF模型计算简单,使用方便,可为供水管网的维护及管道更新提供决策支持。     

基于EWM-AHP模糊贝叶斯网络的储罐区风险分析

储罐区作为储库中的重大危险源,风险因素复杂繁多,有效的风险分析对于储罐区的安全运行至关重要。结合储罐区实际情况,用熵权法对层次分析所得各危险因素的风险权重值进行了修正,增加了权重数据的科学性,形成了多层次风险分析指标体系。针对储罐区数据来源少,各风险因素相关性复杂的特性,通过模糊分析进行风险因素先验概率的计算,构建贝叶斯网络实现了事故类型及概率的动态预测。该方法能很好地实现具有数据来源少、事故后果严重等事故特性的储罐区风险分析。     

二维相似变换模型在GPS网基准点兼容性分析中的应用

本文在分析二维相似变换模型的基础上,提出了一种适用于工程GPS网基准点兼容性分析的"较差阈值法",给出了较差阈值的确定方法,构建了相应的程序模块,利用工程实例证明了该方法的有效性和正确性。     

供热管网经济性分析软件的研究

采用动态年计算费用法和敏感性分析法建立了热网经济性分析的数学模型,开发了能用于不同地区的造价估算、运行费用计算、经济分析和方案比较的热网经济性分析软件.     

GPS控制网起算点坐标兼容性分析

主要讨论了GPS起算点兼容性分析的意义及三种常用的兼容性分析方法,并通过某隧道控制网复测数据,对GPS控制网起算点资料进行了分析对比,得出了有益的结论,以期为实际工程提供指导。     

基于社会网络分析法的技术标准网络实证研究 ——以消防行业国家、行业标准为例

文章以消防行业国家和行业标准为研究对象,选择社会网络分析法,运用Ucinet 6.0软件了构建消防行业引用标准矩阵,选取全国消防标准化技术委员会(SAC/TC113)标准网络结构和节点两个维度,通过成分、网络密度、孤点率、凝聚力指数、点度中心度、中间中心度等观测指标进行实证比较分析。研究结果表明,SAC/TC113?的标准网络形成了一个整体,运行良好;但其SAC/TC113/SC?的标准网络运行良莠不齐。文章通过分析找到了标准网络的关键节点标准和孤点标准,并给出了相关建议,此方法为标准化管理部门和标准化技术委员会的管理和评价提供了科学依据。     

Determination of three dimensional hydraulic conductivities using a combined analytical/neural network model

Analysis of groundwater flow through fractured rock masses is an essential step in many engineering and environmental problems, such as in safety assessment of radioactive waste storages, hydrocarbon storage caverns and hydropower projects. The most important hydrological parameter in groundwater flow analysis is the hydraulic conductivity which is anisotropic and heterogeneous in the fractured rock masses. To analyze the groundwater flow correctly, some site investigations through boreholes must be carried out. One of the challenges in seepage analysis for an engineering project is how to determine the anisotropic and heterogeneous hydraulic conductivities of the fractured rock masses using the limited in situ investigation data. In this study, a new practical approach for the determination of three dimensional hydraulic conductivities of fractured rock masses is presented. Starting from rock fracture properties surveyed in six boreholes, the anisotropic hydraulic conductivities are estimated using the in situ injection test results and Oda’s theoretical model. A neural network method is then utilized to generate the three dimensional heterogeneous hydraulic conductivities based on the anisotropic hydraulic conductivities along the six boreholes. In order to evaluate the reliability of this approach, a 3D numerical seepage model using code FLAC3D is performed for a real project. The inflow values in a shaft obtained with the 3D numerical analysis are compared with the in situ measured flow. The result indicates that the derived hydraulic conductivity is acceptable.     

Analysing construction project coalitions: exploring the application of social network analysis

The construction industry is currently in transition as a result of innovations in procurement and project management approaches, in particular, the utilization of supply chain management, and technology or work clusters in the context of partnering relationships between project coalition actors and the client organization. These new strategies require an analytical method that deals with actor interdependence and provides an appropriate level of detail and quantitative data in relation to the non‐linear, complex, iterative and interactive process that construction projects comprise. The construction project is conceptualized as a number information exchange networks, classified according to the principal project functions and supported by performance incentive and contractual relationship networks. The point centrality of the project actors within these various networks provides quantitative data and graphical representation of the governance of construction projects and the changes brought about by innovations in procurement and project management techniques. Social network analysis (SNA) provides an important new quantitative approach in the comparative analysis of procurement and project management of construction projects. SNA enables traditional project coalition management approaches to be compared with those associated with innovative management approaches. Quantitative analysis relates to the appropriateness and effectiveness of both financial incentives and contractual conditions involved in the governance of construction projects.     

Neural network analysis of construction safety management systems: a case study in Singapore

A neural network analysis was conducted on a quantitative occupational safety and health management system (OSHMS) audit with accident data obtained from the Singapore construction industry. The analysis is meant to investigate, through a case study, how neural network methodology can be used to understand the relationship between OSHMS elements and safety performance, and identify the critical OSHMS elements that have significant influence on the occurrence and severity of accidents in Singapore. Based on the analysis, the model may be used to predict the severity of accidents with adequate accuracy. More importantly, it was identified that the three most significant OSHMS elements in the case study are: incident investigation and analysis, emergency preparedness, and group meetings. The findings imply that learning from incidents, having well-prepared consequence mitigation strategies and open communication can reduce the severity and likelihood of accidents on construction worksites in Singapore. It was also demonstrated that a neural network approach is feasible for analysing empirical OSHMS data to derive meaningful insights on how to improve safety performance.     

边坡稳定性分析方法综述与展望

简要阐述了目前常用的边坡稳定性分析方法的基本原理、优缺点及其适用范围，并对当前出现的一些新的边坡稳定性分析方法进行了概括和展望，通过综合分析各种方法，从而更加经济、安全可靠地设计合理的边坡或评价边坡的稳定性。     

上海新国际博览中心钢桁架结构的施工及临时支承拆除的卸载过程分析

上海新国际博览中心8#馆的屋盖结构由16榀跨度为72m的鱼腹式空间钢桁架组成。鱼腹式钢桁架横断面为菱形,截面结构刚度较小。在桁架的安装过程中,首先在地面上搭设满堂脚手架平台,然后在该平台上安装桁架拼装用的二级临时支承结构,在支承结构上实现桁架的高空原位拼装。根据施工方法,建立施工过程分析模型,对施工过程进行数值模拟分析,并确定拆除临时支承结构的卸载方案———通过控制临时支承的千斤顶行程,实现支承位置的逐步下降。现场测试表明,数值模拟结果与测试结果吻合较好,最大误差为21.0%,说明了施工方法的合理性及数值模拟方法的可靠性。     

Ecological network analysis of an urban water metabolic system: Model development, and a case study for Beijing

Using ecological network analysis, we analyzed the network structure and ecological relationships in an urban water metabolic system. We developed an ecological network model for the system, and used Beijing as an example of analysis based on the model. We used network throughflow analysis to determine the flows among components, and measured both indirect and direct flows. Using a network utility matrix, we determined the relationships and degrees of mutualism among six compartments - 1) local environment, 2) rainwater collection, 3) industry, 4) agriculture, 5) domestic sector, and 6) wastewater recycling - which represent producer, consumer, and reducer trophic levels. The capacity of producers to provide water for Beijing decreased from 2003 to 2007, and consumer demand for water decreased due to decreasing industrial and agricultural demand; the recycling capacity of reducers also improved, decreasing the discharge pressure on the environment. The ecological relationships associated with the local environment or the wastewater recycling sector changed little from 2003 to 2007. From 2003 to 2005, the main changes in the ecological relationships among components of Beijing's water metabolic system mostly occurred between the local environment, the industrial and agricultural sectors, and the domestic sector, but by 2006 and 2007, the major change was between the local environment, the agricultural sector, and the industrial sector. The other ecological relationships did not change during the study period. Although Beijing's mutualism indices remained generally stable, the ecological relationships among compartments changed greatly. Our analysis revealed ways to further optimize this system and the relationships among compartments, thereby optimizing future urban water resources development.     

第七届全国大学生结构设计竞赛模型结构设计与分析

全国大学生结构设计竞赛计算书的撰写与指导是大赛的薄弱环节。文章针对第七届全国大学生结构设计竞赛赛题,阐述了模型结构的设计过程,并对参赛模型进行了结构分析。模型结构的设计与分析过程能够为今后的参赛选手提供思路,对于指导教师参与指导撰写计算书也有一定的借鉴意义。     

高层建筑结构设计与具体问题分析

建筑结构设计是建筑施工设计的重要组成部分,高层建筑作为一种重要的建筑形式,进行其结构设计与具体问题的分析论述,其必要性与作用意义也就更加突显。本文结合高层建筑结构设计实例,对建筑结构设计中的问题及对策进行分析论述,以提高高层建筑结构设计水平。     

高校本科工程管理专业分流发展方向研究——基于社会网络分析

在"大类招生、专业分流"的本科培养模式改革背景下,针对工程管理专业分流问题缺乏实际层面的经验数据分析。为准确定位工程管理专业分流发展方向,以全国本科开设工程管理专业的高校为例,使用统计学方法总结工程管理专业所在学院,再利用社会网络分析理论及Ucinet6.0软件从中心度分析、多维尺度分析和聚类分析三方面对已有专业分流进行定量研究和可视化展示。结果表明:中心度分析初步发现多数院校将工程管理专业与土木工程专业开设于同一学院,多维尺度分析进一步表明一半以上的高校将工程管理专业开设于工程学科背景下,GN算法聚类分析明确超过60%的高校将工程管理专业分流到工程技术类学院,35%的高校分流到经济管理类学院。研究结果全面清晰地展示了目前工程管理专业分流情况,为高校本科工程管理专业分流与专业设置提供了依据,也为其他综合性专业分流的定量分析提供了参考。     

混凝土框架结构抗震分析

使用有限元程序(ANSYS10.0)建立力学模型,对混凝土框架结构进行了抗震分析,主要运用了振型分解反应谱法和时程分析法分别对结构进行了内力计算和弹性层间位移控制,为结构设计奠定了基础。