High-energy collision induced dissociation fragmentation pathways of peptides, probed using a multiturn tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometer "MULTUM-TOF/TOF"

A new multiturn tandem time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer "MULTUM-TOF/TOF" has been designed and constructed. It consists of a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization ion source, a multiturn TOF mass spectrometer, a collision cell, and a quadratic-field ion mirror. The multiturn TOF mass spectrometer can overcome the problem of precursor ion selection in TOF, due to insufficient time separation between two adjacent TOF peaks, by increasing the number of cycles. As a result, the total TOF increases with the increase in resolving power. The quadratic-field ion mirror allows temporal focusing for fragment ions with different kinetic energies. Product ion spectra from monoisotopically selected precursor ions of angiotensin I, substance P, and bradykinin have been obtained. The fragment ions observed are mainly the result of high-energy collision induced dissociation.     

Time-of-flight spectroscopy of the energy distribution of laser-ablated atoms and ions

The growth of ultrathin films, deposited by laser ablation, crucially depends on the energy of the ablated species. Therefore, a time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometer has been constructed and measurements have been carried out in order to determine the energy distribution of laser-ablated Fe and Pt atoms and ions in the plasma created by nanosecond pulses of a frequency-doubled neodymium doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser. The experiments have been performed in ultrahigh vacuum at relatively low laser power. For measuring the spectra of the neutrals, a cross-beam electron source for postionization and electric as well as magnetic fields for repelling the ions are employed. Nevertheless, measurements of neutral particles are restricted to low plasma densities due to electrostatic shielding within the plasma, leading to an inefficient deflection of charged particles by electrostatic and magnetic fields. Test measurements have been performed by utilizing the TOF spectrometer as a pressure gauge and also by chopping the electron beam, running the TOF spectrometer as a residual gas mass spectrometer. The spectra of the laser-ablated plasmas have shown plasma conditions with a Debye length of approximately 10(-4) m, densities of 10(15)-10(16) m(-3) and ion energies up to 150 eV. Neutral spectra have shown an unexpectedly low fraction of neutrals (10(-3)-10(-4)) and hyperthermal energies up to several 10 eV, possibly contributed by recombination of ions and electrons in the plasma. Even though gas spectra had demonstrated the expected sensitivity of the TOF spectrometer for low-energy neutrals, no thermally evaporated neutral atoms could be found.     

Secondary ion counting for surface-sensitive chemical analysis of organic compounds using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy with cluster ion impact ionization

We report suitable secondary ion (SI) counting for surface-sensitive chemical analysis of organic compounds using time-of-flight (TOF) SI mass spectroscopy, based on considerably higher emission yields of SIs induced by cluster ion impact ionization. A SI counting system for a TOF SI mass spectrometer was developed using a fast digital storage oscilloscope, which allows us to perform various types of analysis as all the signal pulses constituting TOF SI mass spectra can be recorded digitally in the system. Effects of the SI counting strategy on SI mass spectra were investigated for C(8) and C(60) cluster ion impacts on an organically contaminated silicon wafer and on polytetrafluoroethylene targets by comparing TOF SI mass spectra obtained from the same recorded signals with different SI counting procedures. Our results show that the use of a counting system, which can cope with high SI yields, is necessary for quantitative analysis of SI mass spectra obtained under high SI yield per impact conditions, including the case of cluster ion impacts on organic compounds.     

Ion thermalization using pressure transients in a quadrupole ion trap coupled to a vacuum matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization source and a reflectron time-of-flight mass analyzer

Efficient trapping and detection of intact peptide ions is demonstrated in a quadrupole ion trap (QIT) coupled to an external vacuum matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) source. Deactivation of metastable ions generated by MALDI is achieved in a pressure transient environment inside the QIT established by pulsing gas to access the higher pressures required for fast thermalization, without affecting vacuum conditions in the ion source and time-of-flight (TOF) mass analyzer. Pressure transients are experimentally determined and a threshold of approximately 10 mTorr is identified where internally excited ions, which commonly observed to dissociate upon injection in a QIT, are stabilized. Fragment-free spectra are presented for a set of peptides by using 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) as a matrix, and significantly reduced fragmentation is observed by using a-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA). Intact peptide spectra of a protein tryptic digest are also recorded with CHCA. The process of translational cooling for externally injected ions in a dynamic pressure environment is visualized by using ion trajectory simulations that employ hard sphere collisions. Statistical theory of dynamic equilibrium of ions stored in rf fields is applied to our QIT to characterize a translationally thermalized ion cloud, to explain observed ejection efficiency into the TOF mass analyzer, and to further discuss collisional deactivation of metastable ions.     

Electrostatic ion trap and Fourier transform measurements for high-resolution mass spectrometry

We report on the development of an electrostatic ion trap for high-resolution mass spectrometry. The trap works on purely electrostatic fields and hence trapping and storing of ions is not mass restrictive, unlike other techniques based on Penning, Paul, or radio frequency quadrupole ion traps. It allows simultaneous trapping and studying of multiple mass species over a large mass range. Mass spectra were recorded in "dispersive" and "self-bunching" modes of ions. Storage lifetimes of about 100 ms and mass resolving power of about 20,000 could be achieved from the fifth harmonic Fourier transform spectrum of Xe ions recorded in the self-bunching mode.     

全合成左旋士的宁六种关键中间体的电喷雾离子阱质谱研究

采用电喷雾离子阱质谱法(ESI—MS)对不对称全合成左旋士的宁的六种中间体进行了深入探讨,获得了它们的结构碎片信息,通过比较它们的异同对其质谱裂解途径进行解析。结果表明:以正离子检测方式下可以得到较强的准分子离子[M+H]+峰,并检测到各自少量的加合离子。它们的(+)ESI—MSn(n=1～3)质谱主要产生氧醚键C-O和硫醚键S-C断裂的碎片。这些特征为全合成士的宁的关键中间体及其结构类似物的结构推断提供了有力的证据,有助于提高合成工作效率。     

液相色谱-离子阱质谱和飞行时间质谱分析橄榄油中的特丁津除草剂

This application describes the use of LC/Ion Trap MS and LC/TOF for the identification of and quantization of terbutylazine in olive oil samples. The analysis by ion trap was achieved in MS/MS mode, monitoring the characteristic fragment ion at m/z 174. The identification by LC/TOF was accomplishment with accurate mass, along with the accurate mass of chlorine isotope cluster present in terbutylazine. The accuracy typically is better than 2 ppm. The method sensitivity, linearity precision accuracy matrix effect, and limit of detection were also studied.     

四取代咪唑的质谱表征与裂解分析

13 kinds 1,2,4,5 tetrasubstituted imidazoles(including 5 new compounds, which is compound 2, 3, 5, 6, 7) were characterized from TOF mass spectra obtained under chemical impact conditions (CI-TOFMS) using accurate mass measurements. Fragment ion were obtained and the cleavage ruler was presumed using ESI tandem ion trap mass spectrometry.     

HPLC-ESI/MS鉴定十字花科植物中完形硫代葡萄糖甙

采用高效液相色谱 -电喷雾电离串级质谱 (HPLC-ESI/MSn,n=1～ 2 )分别测量羽衣甘蓝及苔菜和样准样品中完型硫代葡萄糖的保留时间和负离子质谱 ,并用这种比较方法确认十字花科植物中 8种未知硫化葡萄糖甙。在 MS质谱中观察到硫代葡萄糖甙峰 [M-K]-,在 MS2 质谱中所有硫代葡萄糖甙都产生 m/z 75和m/z97的碎片峰 ,分别是 [S=C=N-OH]-和 [HSO4]-离子。另外还观察到了和硫代葡萄糖甙侧链有关的 [R-(C=NOH) -S]-离子。     

头孢菌素类抗生素的电喷雾多级串联质谱分析

采用电喷雾多级串联质谱技术,对头孢呋辛、头孢噻吩钠、头孢硫脒、头孢噻利、头孢西丁钠五种头孢菌素类抗生素进行了系统研究,总结了该类化合物的电喷雾质谱特征断裂机理。该类化合物在电喷雾正离子或负离子模式下,均发生C-3位侧链C-X(X=O、N、S)键的特征断裂,为头孢菌素类抗生素化合物结构鉴定提供了新方法。在负离子模式下,头孢呋辛二级质谱中β-内酰胺环发生开环断裂,与文献结果一致;在电喷雾正离子模式下,头孢噻吩钠、头孢噻利、头孢西丁钠多级串联质谱中均失去C-7位侧链上一分子CO。     

新型静电离子导入器的研制

A novel electrostatic ion guide(EIG) was designed and manufactured according to the simion simulation. Favorable focusing effect with high transmission efficiency was achieved by optimizing different parameters. EIG was used to ensure the vacuum difference between electrospray ionization(ESI) and time of flight mass spectrometry(TOF MS), and achieve ion-neutral molecular separation as well.     

氟喹诺酮类化合物的电喷雾离子阱质谱分析

采用电喷雾离子阱质谱法在正离子检测方式下，以注射泵直接进样的方式对6种氟喹诺酮类化合物的质谱裂解行为进行碰撞诱导解离研究。获得了各化合物的多级质谱信息，通过比较各化合物结构和质谱裂解途径的异同点，发现氟喹诺酮类化合物在正离子检测方式下可生成脱CO₂、HF和CO的碎片，分别与结构中的羧基、氟原子取代基和4位羰基结构片断相对应，如果结构中7位取代基为哌嗪环，还可以生成脱CH₂＝CH-NH₂的碎片。这些特征将有助于氟喹诺酮类化合物的结构分析。     

电喷雾质谱法研究4种青蒿素类药物的质谱裂解特征

采用电喷雾-飞行时间质谱法(ESI-TOF MS)在正离子检测方式下,以注射泵直接进样的方式对4种青蒿素类药物进行碰撞诱导解离(CID)研究,获得各化合物的质谱碎片信息。以准分子离子[M+Na]⁺作为内标物,对碎片离子进行准确质量测定,确认这些碎片离子的元素组成,探讨该类化合物的质谱裂解途径。通过比较各化合物结构和质谱裂解途径的异同点,发现青蒿素类药物主要通过O-O及C-O键发生裂解,生成脱H₂O、CO、HCOOH和CH₃COOH的碎片离子,其中m/z 261和m/z 163为青蒿素类衍生物特有的碎片离子,这些特征将有助于青蒿素类化合物的结构解析。     

集高分辨定性鉴定与高灵敏度定量分析于一身的气相/质谱系统领路者—安捷伦7200气相/四极杆飞行时间质谱联用仪

本文主要介绍了全新的安捷伦7200气相/四极杆飞行时间质谱。安捷伦7200 GC/Q-TOF（气相色谱/四极杆飞行时间质谱）将分离功能强大的7890A GC和高分辨率的TOF质谱仪以及高灵敏度的四极杆相结合,全新定义了GC/MS技术。凭借创新的离子源设计,耐高温的石英质量过滤器,高效的碰撞池,32G/s的数据采集速率和高温稳定的ADC TOF电子元件,安捷伦7200 Q-TOF为结构确认分析带来最高特异性的检测和最准确的分子式解析,使您信心十足地迎接最艰巨的分析挑战。     

飞行时间质谱和高性能电子学控制技术

飞行时间质量分离器是飞行时间质谱仪的主要组成部分。飞行时间质谱（TOF MS）具有分析质量范围宽、分析速度快、仪器结构简单等优点,但离子初始动能和初始位置容易分散是影响其分辨率的核心因素。本综述根据本课题组多年的研制经验,着重介绍离子束垂直引入方式的反射式有栅网飞行时间质谱的离子光学以及相关电子学控制的核心技术原理。离子光学核心技术涉及到离子加速场和离子反射场的机械加工控制和精密装配控制等,电子学控制核心技术主要包括高压电源和高压脉冲电源的精密制作。     

实时数字微镜哈达玛变换光谱仪的电学结构设计

为了提高数字微镜(digital micro-mirror device,DMD)哈达玛变换光谱仪的编码效率,满足光谱仪大量、实时采集的要求,设计了一种新的DMD哈达玛变换光谱仪的电学结构。将哈达玛编码数据预存到DMD驱动板板载FLASH芯片上,编码时将编码数据读取到DDR2板载内存上,连续播放DMD编码条纹,通过DMD的内同步信号触发光谱采集系统采集光谱数据。实验表明,对511阶哈达玛变换来说,光谱仪的采集时间小于1s,可以满足哈达玛变换光谱仪实时的光谱检测要求,并且其结构还降低了对上位机的依赖,为光谱仪脱离上位机操作奠定了基础。     

Silver deposition on freeze-dried cells allows subcellular localization of cholesterol with imaging TOF-SIMS

Imaging time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) was used for characterization and subcellular localization of organic ions in leucocytes adhering to glass surfaces. The cells were fixed by freeze drying in 0.15 m ammonium formate buffer at pH 7.2–7.4. The freeze‐dried cells were sputter‐coated with silver, and the silver surface was analysed with imaging TOF‐SIMS. TOF‐SIMS spectra were recorded by scanning the primary ion beam over the analysis area and acquiring positive mass spectra of the ions leaving the surface. The relative brightness of each pixel within the analysis area reflects the signal intensity of a selected ion in that pixel. Data were collected separately at high mass resolution m/Δm > 7000 and at high lateral resolution (= 0.5 µm). The images were analysed by principal component analysis (PCA). The glass‐adhering cells showed a well defined attachment area with a diameter of up to 20 µm, and an equally well defined cell body, containing the nucleus, with a diameter of 8–10 µm. On the raw data images, the obtained cholesterol distributions were consistent with a higher cholesterol content of the cell membrane in the attachment area than in the cell body. Using PCA analysis, silver‐cationized molecular cholesterol was found localized mainly in the attachment area of the cells. Cholesterol was also seen at higher concentration in circular spots of ≤ 1 µm in diameter, probably representing caveolae.     

漂移时间离子淌度-四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱法分析寡糖同分异构体

分析糖类分子的结构是研究生物功能的必要前提，然而一种糖类常存在多种同分异构体，传统方法难以实现快速有效鉴别。本研究使用漂移时间离子淌度-四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱法将乙腈-水-甲酸溶液中的寡糖同分异构体分子经过电喷雾电离源电离，在漂移管内实现基于离子分子结构和带电荷数的分离，离子在四极杆中碎裂，最终被飞行时间质谱检测。寡糖同分异构体离子到达检测器的时间相差0.15~0.66 ms，能实现部分分离。此外，探讨了离子淌度-质谱（IM-MS）谱图分析时存在的多聚体碎片离子干扰问题。二级质谱使用注射泵直接进样，研究寡糖金属加合离子的裂解方式用于辨别同分异构体。最后，计算了两个寡糖系列的平均碰撞横截面积，可据此使用线性拟合预测同系列更长糖链离子的平均碰撞横截面积值。研究结果表明，漂移时间离子淌度-四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱法能有效实现寡糖同分异构体的定性分析。     

低频率射频辉光放电的研究

辉光放电电离源可用来检测固态、液态及气态样品,目前主要用于无机固体样品的元素分析和定量检测。本研究将低频率射频辉光放电（Lf-RFGD）与飞行时间质谱仪（TOF MS）联用用于分析液体和气体样品。研究了电离腔真空度、进样管尺寸、辅助气压力、放电频率及电极板压差对电离效率的影响。最优分析条件为：电离腔真空度约30 Pa,进样管长150 mm、内径0.25 mm,辅助气压强约1.0 MPa,放电频率2 MHz,电极板压差约100 V。在此条件下,放电功率约20 W,对液体样品的检出限约0.1 pg、对挥发性样品的检出限约20 mg/m³,检测半峰分辨率约3 000（FWHM）。将Lf-RFGD TOF MS应用于实际药品溶液和挥发性有机物（VOCs）的检测。本仪器对药品溶液的检测灵敏度与常用检测仪器相比无优势,但对挥发性有机物的检测效果较好,为开发低成本的VOCs检测仪器提供了有吸引力的选择。     

液相色谱-电喷雾质谱联用技术分析人参皂苷

应用液相色谱 -电喷雾质谱 ( L C-MS)联用技术 ,对 8种人参皂苷单体进行了探讨。发现在电喷雾负离子检测方式下 ,在离子阱和四极杆这两种不同质量分析器的质谱仪中 ,8种皂苷分子所产生的准分子离子峰均为 [M+ 45 ]-峰 ;并根据离子阱多级质谱扫描功能产生的碰撞诱导裂解 ( CID)谱 ,研究了该类化合物分子在电喷雾质谱、负离子检测方式下的裂解特征 ,有助于该类化合物的分子量确定和结构鉴定 ;同时建立了液相色谱 -质谱联用法 ,可用于该类化合物的定性分析