稀土对化学镀镍磷电极制备及制氢效率的影响

开展了稀土(RE)对镍磷化学镀层水电解电极制氢效率影响的实验,探讨了稀土对化学镀过程及镀层性质(镀层组成、镀层表面耐腐蚀性能)的影响,考察了单一或混合La、Ce对电解水制氢效率的影响状况.证实了在镀液中加入少量稀土能够显著提高镀速以及镀层电极的水电解效率,而且镧比铈更有效.并从RE对镀层Ni的电子状态的影响等新的角度出发,做出了新的机理解释.     

稀土铈对化学沉积Co-Ni-B合金镀层结构和性能的影响

研究了稀土铈对化学沉积Co-Ni-B合金层化学组成、结构和性能的影响。结果表明：微量稀土铈的加入提高了镀层中钴的含量，降低了镍和硼的含量；使镀层由非晶态转变为品态；稀土铈也明显地提高了镀层的显微硬度，在一定的范围内，镀液中稀土铈添加量越多，镀层的铈含量和显微硬度也越高；稀土铈还提高了镀层的饱和磁化强度，降低了剩余磁化强度和娇顽力，含铈镀层显示出了良好的软磁性能。     

镧在石英光纤表面Ni-P涂层上电镀厚镍中的应用研究

在普通瓦特电镀液中添加稀土镧元素在石英光纤表面化学镀Ni-P涂层上续镀厚镍。考察了氧化镧对镍沉积速率、电流效率、镀层组成、晶粒尺寸、组织结构以及其他物理性能的影响。用扫描电镜观察镀层表面和断面形貌;用能谱仪和等离子发射光谱仪测定镀层元素和组成。结果表明,在瓦特镀液中添加1.5g.L-1的氧化镧后,提高了镍沉积速率和电流效率,改善了厚镍镀层质量,使制备的镀层(厚约750μm)具有晶粒细小、结构致密,高硬度、强附着力、低电阻、高密度和良好的可焊性等性能。镍沉积速率、电流效率、致密度和显微硬度分别由14.2μm.h-1,90.8%,93%和281HV提高至15.2μm.h-1,97.9%,98%和337HV。平均晶粒尺寸、电阻率和润湿时间分别由12μm,27μΩ.cm和5～6s降至1.5μm,23μΩ.cm和2～3s。     

La、Ce、Yb和Nd对石英光纤表面化学镀Ni-P-B的影响

在传统的化学镀镀液中分别添加La2O3、CeO2、Nd2O3和Yb2O3在石英光纤表面制备Ni-P-B镀层.重点考察了不同稀土氧化物浓度对化学镀镀速、镀液稳定性、Ni-P-B镀层组成和质量的影响.结果表明,CeO2对改善化学镀工艺过程及其Ni-P-B镀层质量比其它三种稀土氧化物更为显著.与传统的化学镀方法相比,添加浓度为4mg·L-1的CeO2可分别提高化学镀镀速31.3%和镀液稳定性26.1%,并使Ni-P-B镀层更加均匀、致密和平整.     

钇对化学镀Co-Ni-B合金层结构与性能的影响

研究了钇介入化学镀Co-Ni-B工艺后对沉积工艺、镀层结构与性能的影响。利用等离子发射光谱仪、电子能谱仪、透射电子显微镜和振动样品磁强计等考察和分析了镀层的成分、结构、性能。结果表明,微量钇介入化学沉积后,沉积速度和镀液稳定性提高,镀层中硼和镍含量降低,具有非晶态结构的化学镀Co-Ni-B合金转化为晶态结构的化学镀Co-Ni-B-Y合金。钇明显提高了镀层的显微硬度,而且钇添加量越高,镀层的显微硬度越高。钇还提高了镀层的饱和磁化强度,降低了剩余磁化强度和矫顽力,表现出良好的软磁特性。     

镍磷合金碳化硅复合镀层的制备与磨损性能研究

采取化学沉积方法，获得镍磷合金碳化硅复合材料镀层，研究了复合镀层的构成与磨损性能。研究结果表明，镍磷合金中加入碳化硅，不会影响其组织结构，但会显著地提高硬度和耐磨性；复合镀层经过热处理，组织结构发生变化；６７３Ｋ／１ｈ处理后，硬度与耐磨性最高，较镍磷合金镀层具有更高的硬化性能。     

镧元素对石英光纤表面化学镀Ni-P-B涂层上电镀厚镍的影响

在普通瓦特电镀液中添加稀土镧元素在石英光纤表面化学镀Ni-P-B涂层上续镀厚镍.考察了氧化镧对镍沉积速率、电流效率、镀层组成、晶粒尺寸、组织结构以及其它物理性能的影响.用扫描电镜观察镀层表面和断面形貌,用能谱仪和等离子发射光谱仪测定镀层元素和组成.结果表明,在瓦特镀液中添加质量浓度为0.9g·-1的La2O3后,镍沉积速率、电流效率、致密度和硬度分别由15μm·h-1、91.33%、94%和283HV提高至16.2 μm·h-1、98.88%、98%和334HV;镀层(约厚840μm)平均晶粒尺寸减小7～8倍;电阻率和可焊性分别由26μΩ·cm和58～68降至21μΩn·cm和2s～3s;镀层经热震试验后无起泡或脱落现象.     

化学镀Ni—P合金的性能研究

研究了化学镀镍－磷合金的性能,结果表明,热处理温度对镍－磷合金镀层的硬度和 有较大的影响,二者经４００℃ＣＸ１ｈ热处理后达到峰值;镍－磷合金在酸、碱、盐介质中的耐蚀性优于１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ不锈钢。。应用结果证明,化学镀Ｎｉ－Ｐ合金在铁路机械上具有广泛的应用前景。     

微量RE,Mg对锌基合金镀层耐蚀性的影响

用化学与电子学方法研究稀土和镁对锌基合金镀层在ＮａＣｌ体系中耐蚀性的影响，并对镀层耐水蒸汽湿热、工业大气、土壤腐蚀能力进行了分析，结果表明，在锌基热镀合金中添加微量稀土和镁能使合金镀层的耐蚀性能显著提高。     

稀土在化学镀中应用研究现状

稀土因其特殊的电子结构表现出优异的物理、化学、电、磁和光学性能而在化学镀金属薄膜中有着广泛的应用前景.综述报道了国内近十年来稀土在化学镀金属薄膜过程中应用的研究现状,并对稀土提高镀速、镀液稳定性和改善镀层耐蚀、耐磨和致密性能以及稀土与基础金属共沉积的作用和机理进行了探讨.对今后稀土在化学镀中的应用研究和发展提出了建议并进行了展望.     

稀土在化学沉积中的应用

通过金相显微镜观察了镀液中含不同浓度氯化铈( CeCl3)时所得镍镀层的表面形貌,考察了CeCl3对镍镀层显微硬度和耐蚀性的影响.结果表明,适量的CeCl3可提高Ni-P镀层的沉积速度,改善镀层的表面质量,提高镀层的显微硬度和增加镀层的抗腐蚀能力.     

机械研磨化学镀Ni-P镀层

采用原位的机械研磨化学镀方法在碳钢上制备出Ni-P镀层。原位的机械研磨处理方法是在化学镀溶液中加入试样以及直径为2～3 mm的玻璃小球,在化学镀的过程中,将小球与试样用搅拌器完全搅起,小球与试样的接触就像撞击的过程。机械研磨化学镀后,镀层由非晶向晶态发生转变,镀层为Ni的多晶结构,镀层颗粒细化并且光滑平整。与传统化学镀非晶Ni-P镀层相比,镀层硬度、耐蚀性都相应提高。400℃进行退火1 h后,在传统化学镀Ni-P镀层中有孔洞和裂纹出现,而在机械研磨化学镀Ni-P镀层中没有出现孔洞和裂纹。在传统的Ni-P镀层中发现裂纹,说明在镀层表面形成了拉应力,表明在非晶晶化的过程中体积发生了收缩。由于机械研磨化学镀Ni-P镀层已经发生了晶化,其镀层密度高于传统镀层,在热处理过程中,机械研磨化学镀Ni-P镀层的体积变化比传统化学镀Ni-P镀层的体积变化要小,因此没有裂纹产生。热处理后,机械研磨化学镀Ni-P镀层中Ni和Ni3P的晶粒尺寸都比传统镀层中的小,因而,经过机械研磨处理,镀层的硬度、耐蚀性和耐磨性将得到很大提高。机械研磨化学镀Ni-P镀层性能的提高预示着这项新的技术将会在工业上得到广泛的应用。     

镍基合金镀层在北方老工业城市冬季降水中的腐蚀行为

为研究镍基合金镀层在北方老工业城市冬季降水中的腐蚀行为,采用电沉积技术制备了Ni-P、Ni-Fe合金镀层,对其结构与耐蚀性能进行检测.结果表明:不同镍基合金镀层在冬季降水中耐蚀性能不同,其中Ni-Fe合金镀层由于Fe掺杂增加了镍基合金与氧的亲和力,可以快速在Ni-Fe合金镀层表面形成一层连续的氧化膜,对基体起到很好的防护作用,电位最正,自腐蚀电流密度值最小,耐蚀性较好,年腐蚀速率约为20号钢的1/2;而Ni-P合金镀层表面形成氧化膜的速率较缓慢,阻抗值较低,不适合在北方老工业城市的室外装饰与防护中应用.      

7075铝合金化学镀对镍磷合金镀膜组织和性能的影响

金属表面处理直接影响7075铝合金的力学性能及耐腐蚀性能.以7075-T6铝合金为基体,采用化学镀(EN)技术在光滑基体表面均匀镀覆一定厚度的镍磷(Ni-P)镀膜,镀膜厚度分别为3.64、5.87和7.33 μm,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、硬度测试及电化学工作站等手段分析膜层特性及膜厚对70...     

Synthesis and characterization of NaYF_4:Yb~(3+),Er~(3+)@silica-N=folic acid nanocomplex for bioimaginable detecting MCF-7 breast cancer cells

Upconversion nanophosphors are new promising nanomaterials to be used as biolabels for detection and imaging of cancer cells.These nanophosphors absorb long-wavelength excitation radiation in the infrared or near infrared region and emit shorter wavelength,higher energy radiation from ultraviolet to infrared.In this paper,we studied the hydrothermal method and optical properties of the functionalized NaYF_4:Yb~(3+),Er~(3+)for biomedical application.After synthesis,these NaYF_4:Yb~(3+),Er~(3+)nanophosphors were functionalized with aminosilanes and folic acid.Folic acid binds to the folate receptor on the surface of MCF-7 breast cancer cells and this binding promotes internalization of the nanophosphors via endocytosis.The sizes of the functionalized NaYF_4:Yb~(3+),Er~(3+)@silica-N=FA(folic acid) nanophosphors can be controlled with length of the rod about 300-800 nm and diameter of the rod about 100-200 nm.Phase structure of NaYF_4:Yb~(3+),Er~(3+)is in hexagonal crystal system.The photo luminescence(PL) spectra of the functionalized NaYF_4:Yb~(3+),Er~(3+)@silica-N=FA nanophosphors were measured.These nanophosphors emit in red color with the strongest band at 650 nm under 980 nm excitation.This result can provide NaYF_4:Er~(3+),Yb~(3+)@silica-N=FA complex for developing fluorescence label and image tool in cancer biology and medicine.     

Structure and Mechanical Properties of Ni-P-Nano Al2O3 Composite Coatings Synthesized by Electroless Plating

Ni-P-nano Al2O3 composite coatings were deposited by electroless plating,and their microstructures were observed by SEM（scanning electron microscope）.The microhardness and the wear resistance of the Ni-P-nano Al2O3 composite coatings were measured using microhardness tester and block-on-ring tribometer,respectively,and the comparison with those of Ni-P coatings or Ni-P-micro Al2O3 coating was given.The influences of aging temperature on their hardness and wear resistance were analyzed.The results showed that the nano Al2O3 particles were distributed uniformly in the Ni-P-Al2O3 coatings.Among three kinds of Ni-P based coatings,the hardness and wear resistance of Ni-P-nano Al2O3 coatings were largest,and the maximum values could be obtained at 400 ℃.This indicated that the precipitation of nano Al2O3 particles would improve the hardness and wear resistance of the Ni-P coatings.     

Structural characterization and corrosive property of Ni-P/CeO2composite coating

Electroless Ni-P/nano-CeO2 composite coating was prepared in acidic condition, and its microstructure and corrosive property were compared with its CeO2-free counterpart. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction spectrometer (XRD), and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) were used to examine surface morphology and microstructure of the coating. Corrosive investigation was carried out in 3%NaCl+5%H2SO4 solution. The results showed that Ni-P coating had partial amorphous structure mixed with nanocrystals, whereas the Ni-P/CeO2 coating had perfect amorphous structure. In high temperature condition, Ni3P precipitation and Ni crystallization occurred in both coatings but at different temperatures, whereas the Ni-P/CeO2 coating had sintered phase of NiCe2O4 spinels. The anticorrosion property and passivity were improved in the CeO2-containing coating due to its less liability to undergo local-cell corrosion than its CeO2-free counterpart. During the co-deposition process, some Cen+ (n=3, 4) ions may be adsorbed to the metal/solution interface, hinder nickel's crystal-typed deposition and promote phosphorous deposition. The nano-CeO2 doping finally resulted in the coating' perfect amorphous structure and good anti-corrosive property.     

Spectroscopic properties and energy transfer of Nd3+/Ho3+-doped Ga2O3-GeO2 glass by codoping Yb3+ ion

This study presented the luminescence properties of Nd³⁺/Yb³⁺/Ho³⁺ dopant ions inside a host based on Ga₂O₃-GeO₂-Li₂O（GGL） glass. The measured differential scanning calorimetry result showed that GGL glass exhibited excellent stability against devitrification with ?T=135 oC. Obvious 543 and 657 nm emissions were observed in Nd³⁺/Ho³⁺-codoped sample. The incorporation of Yb³⁺ into Nd³⁺/Ho³⁺-codoped glass system had resulted in enhanced upconversion emission intensity under the excitation of 808 nm and/or 980 nm laser diode（LD）. The possible mechanisms and related discussions on this phenomenon were presented. It was noted that the presence of Yb³⁺ yielded an enhancement about 7 and 11 times in the 543 and 657 nm emission intensities respectively under 808 nm excitation due to the energy transfer from Nd³⁺ to Ho³⁺ via Yb³⁺ ion. Here Yb³⁺ played a major role as a bridging ion. While enhanced 543 and 657 nm emission intensities under the excitation of 980 nm LD originated from the sensitization effect of Yb³⁺. Our results showed that Nd³⁺/Ho³⁺/Yb³⁺ triply doped GGL glass might be a promising candidate for the development of visible-laser materials.     

电弧喷涂含陶瓷颗粒铝基复合涂层的微结构和性能

采用5052半硬铝带分别包覆Al_2O_3、SiC、B_4C、TiC陶瓷颗粒制备的粉芯丝材进行电弧喷涂试验,制备了含陶瓷颗粒的铝基复合涂层。利用光学显微镜、XRD分析了涂层的微观组织和相结构,测试了复合涂层的显微硬度、耐磨性及耐腐蚀性。研究结果表明,制备的铝基复合涂层中含有一定数量的未熔陶瓷颗粒,涂层较为致密,无明显缺陷。含陶瓷铝基涂层的物相主要由Al和所添加的陶瓷相构成,其中在含B_4C陶瓷涂层中还存在Al_3BC、Al_4C_3和AlB_2等新相。陶瓷颗粒的加入有利于提高铝基复合涂层的显微硬度,其中B_4C的加入使涂层中基体相显微硬度提高了1.5倍,这是由于B_4C陶瓷和Al反应生成Al_3BC、Al_4C_3和AlB_2硬质相。复合涂层的耐磨性均优于纯铝涂层,摩擦磨损的形式主要为粘着磨损。动电位极化腐蚀试验表明,含SiC和TiC陶瓷涂层具有较低的腐蚀电流,耐蚀性较好,含SiC陶瓷的复合涂层出现了明显的钝化现象。     

Ultraviolet to near-infrared energy transfer in NaYF_4:Nd~(3+),Yb~(3+) crystals

To convert ultraviolet(UV) light into near-infrared(NIR) light in phosphors is demanded for the development of solar cells.A series of NaYF_4:Nd~(3+),Yb~(3+) white powder samples were prepared via the hydrothermal method.The crystal structure and photoluminescence properties of the samples were carefully studied using X-ray diffractometry(XRD) and photoluminescence spectra.The excitation and emission spectra of NaYF_4:Nd~(3+),Yb~(3+) samples and the luminescence decay curves of Nd~(3+) and Yb~(3+) revealed an efficient energy transfer process from Nd~(3+) to Yb~(3+).This process resulted in the Yb~(3+) NIR fluorescent emission at 980 nm.Moreover,the lifetime of the Nd~(3+4)F_(3/2) level decreased with the increase of Yb~(3+) doping concentration.The build-up time of the decay curves of the Yb~(3+2)F_(5/2) level further verified the energy transfer process.Meanwhile,energy transfer efficiency based on different Yb~(3+) doping concentrations was achieved.