表面活性剂对HCl-FeCl3溶液中锌精矿在浆萃取浸出率的影响

The effects of surfactant on the solvent extraction in leaching sphalerite were investigated. It is found that sodium dodecyl sulfonate is the effective surfactant in improving the zinc recovery from sphalerite in the aqueous FeCla-HCl-tetrachloroethylene system. Through the measurements of surface tension and viscosity of the sphalerite slurry modified with different surfactants, it is concluded that sodium dodecyl sulfonate in the concentration range of 0.05 to 0.2g@L-1 can improve the viscosity of sphalerite slurry in the water, decrease the surface tension of leaching solution, prevent the aggregation of ore particles, and give very high zinc extraction .     

三氯化铁溶液浸取锌精矿的动力学模型

三氯化铁溶液浸取锌精矿提取锌是一个液固相非催化反应过程。在温度５５℃～９５℃，初始矿粒半径３００μｍ～５５μｍ，ＦｅＣｌ_３溶液浓度０．４～１．０ｍｏｌ／ｌ范围内进行了浸取实验。在拟定态条件下，建立了三氯化铁在产物层的扩散与收缩未反应芯表面反应的动力学模型，运用改进高斯－牛顿法求得模型参数。     

表面活性剂对锌基涂层性能的影响

利用片状锌粉、铝粉、铬酐及其它有机物配制的新型高耐蚀锌基涂料具有良好的结合力和耐蚀性。详细讨论了表面活性剂含量对锌基涂料的耐蚀性的影响。     

硫酸介质中各类表面活性剂在锌表面上的吸附及其缓蚀作用

用失重法研究了阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠（ＳＤＳ）,阳离子表面活性剂十二烷基胺（ＡＤＳ）和非离子表面活性剂聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚（ＯＰ）在硫酸介质中对锌的缓蚀作用,发现表面活性剂在锌表面上的吸附是产生缓蚀作用的重要原因,且吸附规律服从Ｆｌｏｒｙ－Ｈｕｇｇｉｎｓ方程,最后讨论了表面活怀剂的吸附取向。     

表面活性剂对高岭土和硅藻土在悬浮液中悬浮率的影响

本文介绍了试验确定的不同表面活性剂对高岭土和硅藻土在不同硬度水中的悬浮率的影响,实验表明DBS—Na能提高高岭土的悬浮率而对硅藻土影响不大,POE—NP对两种载体的悬浮率影响不大。     

阳离子型Gemini表面活性剂对交联聚合物溶液性质的影响

采用核微孔滤膜过滤实验、落球粘度计及动态光散射法,研究了阳离子型Gemini表面活性剂对交联聚合物溶液(LPS)的封堵性能、粘度及交联聚合物线团(LPC)大小的影响。结果表明,加入50 mg/L和100 mg/L的Gemi-ni表面活性剂后,LPS对核微孔滤膜的封堵性能增加,但是当Gemini表面活性剂质量浓度为200 mg/L时,LPS对孔径为1.2μm的核孔膜的封堵性能变化不大。LPS-Gemini表面活性剂复合体系的粘度低于不加表面活性剂的交联聚合物溶液。动态光散射法测得LPS-Gemini表面活性剂复合体系中LPC的平均流体力学半径为180 nm,比不加表面活性剂的LPS中的LPC的粒径小。     

表面活性剂对黄芩苷微波萃取的影响

研究了表面活性剂对微波萃取黄芩苷的影响,筛选出对微波萃取黄芩苷具有明显协同作用的表面活性剂——单烷基磷酸酯钾盐(MAPK)。通过试验,得到MAPK协同微波萃取黄芩苷的较佳工艺：以质量分数为0．15％的MAPK水溶液为萃取剂,微波300W萃取2次,每次按m(萃取剂)：m(黄芩粉)=10：1加入萃取剂,萃取4min。萃取液用质量分数为15％的HCl调pH=1～2,析出沉淀,过滤,滤饼用水洗和乙醇洗,干燥,即得黄芩苷粗产品,收率为6．8％,黄芩苷质量分数约为88．1％。结果表明：MAPK能降低微波功率,缩短微波辐射时间,并能提高黄芩苷的收率和纯度,对微波萃取黄芩苷具有明显的协同作用。     

表面活性剂对料浆法重钙水溶磷影响的实验研究

为了提高重钙产品水溶磷含量,模拟料浆法重钙生产工艺,在实验过程中添加表面活性剂,研究其对重钙产品水溶磷的影响。从21种单一及其复配型中筛选出了可以有效提高重钙水溶磷的6种表面活性剂。实验表明,通过添加表面活性剂,改善料浆反应状况,提高重钙水溶磷含量是可行的。     

采用N235从含Mo,Mn酸浸液中萃取回收Mo

基于软锰矿的强氧化性和辉钼矿的还原性及资源的综合利用,开发出软锰矿与辉钼矿共同焙烧新工艺,焙砂的处理及Mo, Mn分离是该新工艺的关键. 采用N235(20%)+仲辛醇(10%)+磺化煤油(70%)作为萃取剂,从含Mn, Mo焙砂酸浸液中萃取回收Mo,实验得出优化工艺条件为：萃取温度室温(25℃),相比O/W 1:2,错流萃取级数3级,水相中硫酸浓度CH2SO4≤100 g/L;反萃时先用70 g/L的硫酸溶液对萃取有机相进行洗涤,反萃剂采用17%的氨水,反萃温度为室温,相比O/W为1:2,萃取级数为3,此条件下Mo的萃取率及反萃率分别达到99.9%和99.4%.     

Solvent Extraction of DNA with a Hydrolysable Double-chain Surfactant

Abstract

A cationic lipophilic surfactant with two hydrolysable groups, di(1-octadecyloxycarbonylmethyl)dimethylammonium chloride, was synthesized and solvent extraction of deoxyribonucleotide (DNA) into organic solution (isooctane/1-octanol) with it as an extractant was examined. Not only a forward extraction of DNA into the organic phase but also back extraction into the aqueous phase (pH > 9) at room temperature proceeded efficiently. The forward extraction is promoted by electrostatic interactions of the surfactant and DNA and the back extraction is exclusively caused by hydrolysis of the surfactant to a non-surfactant.     

Deep Purification of Zinc Ammoniacal Leaching Solution by Cementation with Zinc Dust

Deep purification of zinc ammoniacal leaching solution by cementation using zinc dust was studied.The effects of relative amount of metallic impurities,dosage of zinc dust,purification time,temperature,pH value and total ammonia concentration in the solution on the purification of the solution were investigated.The results indicate that total ammonia concentration in the solution had no effect on the purification,but relative amount of metallic impurities,dosage of zinc dust,purification time,temperature and pH value of the solution were the main factors influencing the purification.Keeping appropriate molar ratio of copper to cadmium or nickel to cadmium was beneficial to the cementation of cadmium.Nevertheless,the presence of cobalt went against the cementation of cadmium and cobalt.All metallic impurities could be decreased to acceptable levels under the optimized conditions of 2 g/L of zinc dust dosage,1 h of purification time,35℃,pH value 9.03 of zinc ammoniacal leaching solution.The deeply purified zinc ammoniacal solution obtained by one-stage purification meets the requirements of zinc electrowinning.     

Deep Purification of Zinc Ammoniacal Leaching Solution

Deep purification of zinc ammoniacal leaching solution by cementation using zinc dust was studied. The effects of relative amount of metallic impurities, dosage of zinc dust, purification time, temperature, pH value and total ammonia concentration in the solution on the purification of the solution were investigated. The results indicate that total ammonia concentration in the solution had no effect on the purification, but relative amount of metallic impurities, dosage of zinc dust, purification time, temperature and pH value of the solution were the main factors influencing the purification. Keeping appropriate molar ratio of copper to cadmium or nickel to cadmium was beneficial to the cementation of cadmium. Nevertheless, the presence of cobalt went against the cementation of cadmium and cobalt. All metallic impurities could be decreased to acceptable levels under the optimized conditions of 2 g/L of zinc dust dosage, 1 h of purification time, 35℃, pH value 9.03 of zinc ammoniacal leaching solution. The deeply purified zinc ammoniacal solution obtained by one-stage purification meets the requirements of zinc electrowinning.     

超声溶剂萃取法处理含油污泥的研究

以新疆克拉玛依的含油污泥为研究对象．先后在超声条件下通过有机溶剂萃取和表面活性剂水洗的方法对其进行综合处理。结果表明：在处理温度为55℃、超声强度为320W、处理时间为5min、溶剂比为7．5L·g。的最佳条件下,有机溶剂石油醚萃取处理后含油污泥的剩余含油量降为6％;在处理温度为55℃、超声强度为320W、处理时间为llmin、溶剂比为15．0L·g^-1、pH值为5的最佳条件下．十二烷基苯磺酸钠-OP-10（1：1）处理后含油污泥的剩余含油量仅为0．6％。     

溶剂萃取回收废弃锂离子电池中钴金属的研究

丙酮溶解分离出正极材料,2 mol/L H2SO4+30%H2O2浸出,水解净化除杂后,P507三级萃取,H2SO4反萃取回收废弃锂离子电池中的钴元素,优化了各步骤的操作参数,最终得到适用于生产锂钴氧化物的硫酸钴,钴的回收率达到95%。     

P204萃取脱除铜精矿浸出液中铁

从含砷硫化铜精矿浸出液中萃取除铁是后续制备砷酸铜的一道工序,P204可从硫酸介质中选择性地萃取铁离子. 实验结果表明,当有机相组成中P204为30%(j),相比1:1, pH"1时,通过三级萃取,铁的萃取率达93%以上,铜和砷几乎不被萃取,萃余液中残铁含量降至9 mg/L以下.     

Separation of Copper and Zinc by Solvent Extraction During Reprocessing of Flotation Tailings

Results from the solvent extraction of copper and zinc from pregnant solutions after bioleaching of re-floated tailings from the Kipushi concentrator in DR of Congo are presented. LIX984N has been used as extractant for copper, while D2EHPA as such for zinc, following prior removal of the ferric iron via precipitation. The McCabe-Thiele diagrams constructed for Cu and Zn extraction have theoretically suggested the need for two stages for copper and one for zinc. Stripping these metals to the aqueous phase by sulphuric acid has yielded rich electrolytes with 48.5 g/L copper and 85.5 g/L zinc. Thus, copper and zinc could be further recovered from the stripped solutions by electrolysis.     

溶剂萃取法回收间氨基苯基-β-羟乙基砜

染料中间体废水所含有机物品种多、毒性大、可生化性差、环境污染严重。本文应用溶剂萃取法回收了废水中的染料中间体间氨基苯基-β-羟乙基砜。研究了萃取剂种类、溶液、pH值、稀释剂含量对萃取分配系数的影响,同时研究了萃取剂的选择性和抗疲劳性。实验结果表明,利用甲基异丁基酮做为萃取剂,盐酸做为反萃剂,相比为2:1,经两级错流萃取,可以回收91％的氨基油,且萃取剂的选择性和抗疲劳性较好。实验证明溶剂萃取法用于回收氨基油是十分可行的。