对向差压超塑胀形m值的计算公式和测量方法

本文给出在背压作用下超塑自由胀形m_H·m_V·m_P的计算公式和测量方法,为研究双拉一压应力状态以及在此应力状态下不同加载路径对m值的影响提供了必要的研究手段。从ZnAl_4Cu在不同背压下胀形实验结果可见,增大背压,可以显著提高胀形速度。     

提高超塑性挤压变形速度的研究

为提高金属材料超塑应变速率，在摩擦压力机上对ＺｎＡｌ５合金进行超塑性挤压变形，探讨理想的高挤压速度和相应的超塑性温度。     

1420铝锂合金超塑性行为

以1420铝锂合金作为实验材料,通过改变应变速率来探求最佳的超塑性变形条件,即延伸率大幅度提高和获得变形均匀的细小微观组织。研究发现当温度为480℃,应变速率为3×10-4s-1时可以获得最佳超塑性变形状态,此时延伸率δ=550％,流变应力σ=1.9MPa。同时通过金相分析以及TEM微观组织观察发现,在此条件下的组织等轴性好同时晶粒分布细小均匀,出现了细小的再结晶亚晶粒,有助于超塑性变形的进行。     

超塑性拉伸变形过程中颈缩扩散的力学解析

超塑性材料拉伸变形不同于一般韧性金属材料,变形过程中颈缩的产生扩散直接影响着变形的稳定性,研究颈缩的扩散速率对于掌握超塑性材料拉伸变形规律有着重要的意义。本文先回顾了在此方面的研究成果,然后研究了在不同变形路径下颈缩的扩散速率。     

间断变形工艺提高AZ31镁合金超塑性的研究

研究间断变形工艺对AZ31镁合金超塑性的影响。结果表明,当温度为400-440℃、应变速率小于5×10^-4s^-1时,间断变形工艺可以显著提高AZ31镁合金的超塑性。计算了空洞体积分数与空洞数量的关系。结果表明,空洞体积分数与空洞数量呈正比。对拉伸试样断口形貌的分析表明,间断变形减少了空洞数量,因而减小了空洞体积分数,提高了超塑性伸长率。     

超塑性差压胀形m值的测量理论与方法

本文采用载荷跃变法建立了差压自由胀形应变速率敏感性指数ｍ值的测量公式与测量方法。实验结果表明，测量方法简单，测量结果稳定可靠。     

应变速率强化与应变强化的过程及其对比分析

本文用密栅云纹实验法显示和观测了具有应变速率强化效应与应变强化效应材料的应变产生、发展及传播过程,并对两种强化效应传播应变的能力进行了分析比较。     

ECAP处理后ZK40的组织及超塑性

研究了镁合金ZK40经等通道挤压1道次和4道次后的超塑性和微观组织.在523 K进行的拉伸实验表明，随着挤压道次的增加，ZK40的延伸率也得到了提高.实验通过对ZK40作不同条件下的拉伸测试，得到了超塑性表现最好的温度和应变速率.经4道次等通道挤压后的ZK40在523K的温度和1×10^-4/s的应变速率下其断裂延伸率达到了660%.微观组织的分析表明，ZK40在等通道处理过程中，晶粒随着挤压道次的增加不断细化，而且晶粒的等轴性和均匀性得到显著改善.     

浅裂纹COD减小因子m值的分析与计算

提出了适用于工程中浅裂纹J积分和COD的关系式,根据实验和三维有限元计算的结果,对COD值减小因子m值和塑性应变能进行了分析,为浅裂纹断裂强度设计与断裂破坏分析提供一种思路。     

温度和应变速率对ZK60镁合金压缩变形行为的影响

在应变量为0.6（ε=0.6）、不同温度（523~723 K）和应变速率（0.001~10 s-1）条件下,利用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机,对铸态ZK60镁合金进行热压缩变形行为的研究,分析变形温度和应变速率对ZK60镁合金压缩变形行为的影响规律,即在相同应变速率条件下,随着变形温度的升高,合金的峰值应力降低。在相同温度条件下,随着应变速率的增大,合金的流变应力增大。计算其应变速率敏感指数m值为0.14和表观激活能Q值为226~254 kJ/mol。研究表明,在温度为573~673 K、应变速率为0.001~0.1 s-1时,合金发生动态再结晶。     

Theoretical and metrical standardization of strain rate sensitivity index

Strain rate sensitivity index m is one of the vital mechanical parameters for determining material superplasticity. In this paper, the existing formulae for measuring m value are reviewed, and it is found that the m values can be classified into three classes mi under constant length, mv under constant velocity, and mp under constant load. The constraint equation of the generalized m value is established according to the tensile constitutive equation and the basis theory for plastic mechanics. Based on three typical deformation paths, the m value is redefined. Furthermore, from the formula of generalized m value, the formulae for measuring mi, mv and mp are theoretically deduced. The precise methods with numerical simulation are presented. The results prove that the m value is a non-constant and its dependence on (ε) changes with the deformation path. Under different deformation paths, the m values calculated from the same formula are different. Using different formulae, the m values under the same deformation path are also different. Therefore, deformation path and corresponding formula should be given during the measurement of the m value. Moreover, it is explained theoretically and experimentally that why the mv value under constant velocity is sometimes negative but the mp value under constant load is sometimes lager than 1. The aim of the analysis and measurement of the m value is to facilitate the study on the relationship between macroscopical mechanical laws and microscopic physical mechanisms during superplastic deformation.     

大晶粒NiAl超塑性变形及其机理的研究

为解决本质脆性NiAl金属间化合物超塑性加工问题,研究了在高温条件下大晶粒度等原子比NiAl的超塑性变形行为及其机理.结果表明在1 000和1 100℃下,应变速率为1.67×10-4s-1～1.67×10-2s-1,该材料表现出超塑性行为.拉伸延伸率普遍超过200%,应变速率敏感性指数大于0.30.对拉伸试样的金相及TEM分析表明,在高温变形过程中,位错的运动包括滑移和攀移两种方式,超塑性是由动态回复及再结晶过程来实现的.     

强电场中LY12CZ合金摩擦焊缝金属变形行为研究

通过测定摩擦焊接过程参数和焊接接头的焊合区及扭转塑变区的测量,推导了电场作用下LY12CZ合金摩擦焊接过程中,初始动态再结晶的热变形条件方程式和准稳定摩擦阶段焊合区金属的塑性流动方程.结果表明随着摩擦界面温度升高、相对旋转速率降低和外加电场强度的增加,产生初始动态再结晶的临界流变应力降低;随着外加电场强度的增大,LY12CZ合金摩擦焊缝金属的应变速率敏感性指数m增大,但在本实验条件下,当电场强度E>522 V/mm时的m值有所降低;LY12CZ合金摩擦焊缝金属发生塑性变形的变形表观激活能随外加电场强度的增大而降低.     

AISI1215钢动态再结晶临界应力应变的确定方法

基于热模拟压缩实验,研究AISI1215钢动态力学行为,选取700℃,0.1 s-1和750℃,0.1 s-12种形变条件下的实验应力应变数据曲线作为研究对象。采用3种方法,即差分实验应力应变曲线法,Jonas三次多项式拟合法,Cingara-Mc Queen方程拟合本构模型法,获得硬化速率与应力曲线(θ~σ),进一步得到动态再结晶临界应变(分别用εc1,εc2,εc3表示),分析采用这3种算法计算得到的动态再结晶临界应变差异。结果表明εc1≈εc3εc2,εc1敏感于原始实验数据,εc2受参数影响大,εc3算法稳定。金相检测结果显示,实际动态再结晶临界应变值与εc1和εc3接近,表明第一种和第三种方法计算所得的再结晶临界条件更为准确。     

微合金化钢的动态再结晶及其显微组织的研究

应用Ｇｌｅｅｂｌｅ－１５００热模拟试验机测定了微合金化钢在不同终轧温度下的真应力－－真应变曲线，研究了终轧温度及微合金元素含量对动态再结晶的影响，研究结果表明，Ｖ，Ｎｂ可显著抑制微合金化钢轧制过程中形变奥氏体的动态再结晶，因此，在较高的终轧温度下，仍能得到细小而均匀的显微组织。     

微合金元素对重轨钢动态再结晶及其显微组织的影响

应用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验对重轨钢进行单道次压缩实验,测定不同终轧温度下的真应力-真应变曲线,并用扫描电镜观察变形后空冷的显微组织,研究不同终轧温度和微合金元素V,Nb和Re对重轨钢动态再结晶及显微组织的影响.结果表明,V,Nb和Re能显著地抑制形变奥氏体的动态再结晶.在终轧温度较高时仍能得到细小均匀的显微组织.     

Modeling of microstructural evolution during dynamic recrystallization in coarse Nb microalloyed austenite

The aim of the current study was to investigate the microstructural evolution during dynamic recrystallization in coarse Nb microalloyed austenite in thin slab direct rolling （TSDR） processing. A model was developed to predict the change of the austenite grain size during the dynamic recrystallization, by using the law of mixtures. The equations initially developed for partial static recrystallization were used for partial dynamic recrystallization, by adjusting the value of the constant. The results show that the change of the austenite grain size can be reasonably described by using the equations developed according to the law of mixtures.     

Property and microstructure analysis of ZK60 alloy superplastic sheet

It was investigated that the superplastic mechanical properties of fine-grained ZK60 magnesium alloy sheets at the temperature range of 200-420 ℃ and strain rate range of 5.56 × 10-4 -5.56 ×10-2 s-1 by tensile tests.And the microstructure evolution during the superplastic deformation of ZK60 magnesium alloy was examined by metallurgical microscope and transmission electronic microscope (TEM).The results showed that fine-grained ZK60 magnesium alloy starts to exhibit superplasticity from 250 ℃ and the maximum elongation is about 1106% at 400 ℃ and 5.56 × 10-4 s-1.The strain rate sensitivity is significantly enhanced with the increase of temperature and with the decrease of strain rate.The predominate superplastic mechanism of ZK60 magnesium alloy is grain boundary slide (GBS) at the temperature range of 300-400 ℃.The grains of ZK60 alloy remain equaxial after superplastic deformation,and dynamic continuous recrystallization (DCRX) is an important softening mechanism and grain stability mechanism during the superplastic deformation of the alloy.The curved grain boundaries and crumpled bands at grain boundaries after deformation prove GBS generates during superplastic deformation of ZK60 magnesium alloy.     

等通道转角挤压AZ81镁合金超塑性变形行为

等通道转角挤压是细化晶粒、提高镁合金性能的一种有效途径，研究等通道转角挤压AZ81镁合金的超塑性行为对其工程应用具有重要的意义.为此，采用路径A对AZ81镁合金进行了2道次等通道转角挤压，并通过超塑拉伸试验研究了等通道转角挤压AZ81合金在200～300 ℃温度范围内的超塑性变形行为.结果表明，在250 ℃下，当应变速率为1×10^-3 s^-1时，等通道转角挤压AZ81合金的伸长率达到了731%，表现出了相当好的低温超塑性.此外，塑性流变激活能的计算结果和超塑拉伸试样的表面形貌观察揭示，等通道转角挤压AZ81合金的超塑性变形机制为晶界扩散控制的晶界滑移机制.