石灰土强度与最优施工含水率关系研究

为了研究石灰改良膨胀土得最优施工含水率与石灰土相关强度的关系,文中以某边坡膨胀土为研究对象,进行了直剪试验、CBR及无侧限抗压强度等相关强度的试验研究,研究了最优施工含水率、掺灰率与膨胀土强度的关系,试验结果表明石灰土的直剪、CBR值及无侧限抗压强度曲线与施工含水率的关系曲线类似于击实曲线,且最优施工含水率随着掺灰率的增大而线性增大,强度与掺灰率的关系曲线与击实曲线类似,存在最优掺灰率,这些结果的得出对现行石灰土路基施工控制参数的确定方法改进具有一定的指导作用。     

击实对固化淤泥物理力学性质的影响

淤泥固化技术中国进行工程应用时经常遇到需要碾压施工的问题,碾压后固化淤泥的力学性质是亟需试验明确的问题。研究了击实对不同水泥添加量和不同养护龄期下固化淤泥的密度、干密度、CBR和无侧限抗压强度的影响规律。结果表明,击实过程中存在有效击实次数,超过此次数后不能使土体进一步密实,击实土能达到的密度、干密度基本与固化土的相等;击实土的CBR强度可以从固化土的CBR得到,且约为固化土的1/10,固化土的CBR性质能够满足作为路堤填土的要求,而击实土则不能;固化土的抗压强度越大,击实土的抗压强度也越高,但是击实土相对于固化土的强度损失也就越大,击实土的无侧限抗压强度为固化土的1/3～1/2。因此,应根据实际淤泥固化工程的特点,合理选择水泥、石灰或复合型固化材料,这方面研究还有待更深入地开展。     

考虑压实度、掺灰量及养护龄期的石灰土强度经验预估公式

为探讨压实度、掺灰量及养护龄期和含水率对石灰土强度的影响,配制5%石灰的宿迁粘土,制样并在标准养护室养护7 d后进行无侧限抗压强度试验,分析了孔隙率、掺灰量及龄期、含水率对无侧限抗压强度的影响,并讨论了石灰土无侧限抗压强度的影响因素。试验结果表明,石灰土无侧限抗压强度随着压实度的增加而线性增加,随着掺灰量的增加近似线性地增加,随着固化时间的推移不同掺灰量的石灰土样呈不同幅度的增长,而含水率的变化并未对石灰土的无侧限抗压强度产生明显的影响。提出了一个能够综合反映压实度、石灰掺入量及养护龄期等因素对石灰土强度影响规律的综合表征参数,具有一定的工程意义。     

复合固化剂固化某淤泥质土的试验研究

为了改善青弋江分洪道工程淤泥质土地基的物理力学性能,选用普通硅酸盐水泥、粉煤灰、水玻璃以及木质素磺酸钠组成的水泥基复合固化剂,以青弋江芜湖段典型淤泥质土样作为试验土样,进行了室内固化试验研究,分析了固化剂掺量、淤泥质土初始含水率以及养护龄期的改变对固化土无侧限抗压强度和抗剪强度参数的影响关系。研究结果表明:对于提高青弋江淤泥质土强度,试验所用固化剂作用效果明显,90d龄期养护条件下,掺入复合固化剂处理的固化淤泥质土无侧限抗压强度最高为单掺水泥条件下固化土无侧限抗压强度的4.2倍,同时前者抗剪强度也明显大于后者;固化土无侧限抗压强度随固化剂掺量增加而提高,但增长速率逐渐减缓,同时还随着养护龄期的增加而提高,两者呈明显的对数关系。     

粉煤灰生石灰加固吹填淤泥质土的试验研究

在吹填淤泥质黏土中掺入不同比例的生石灰和粉煤灰,对不同掺入比的固化土进行无侧限抗压强度试验,分别测定不同龄期固化土强度。根据结果分析加固效果、确定合理的掺灰比,并与常用固化剂比较加固效果。结果表明,当生石灰的掺量一定时,粉煤灰的掺量在15%左右时无侧限抗压强度达到峰值,粉煤灰掺量一定时固化土无侧限抗压强度随着生石灰掺量增大而增大。替代水泥、生石灰等常用固化剂,采用掺入15%粉煤灰与10%生石灰混合固化剂加固吹填淤泥加固效果明显,粉煤灰与生石灰混合加固是一种既经济又环保的加固吹填淤泥方法。     

稻壳灰水泥固化淤泥土试验研究

为拓宽稻壳灰和淤泥土等固废资源处理途径,基于传统水泥固化处理方法,提出稻壳灰-水泥固化处理淤泥土技术。通过室内击实、无侧限抗压强度(UCS)和电镜扫描(SEM)试验,分析稻壳灰-水泥土强度特性及微观机理。结果表明:稻壳灰对淤泥固化土强度增强效果显著,并且15%稻壳灰+8%水泥掺量效果最佳,稻壳灰加入显著提高淤泥固化土韧性,其破坏应变在3%~5%左右,变形系数E₅₀与抗压强度近似呈线性递增关系,E₅₀可取(19~50)q_u。微观分析表明:水化硅酸钙生成是稻壳灰-水泥固化淤泥强度提高的主要来源,其填充孔隙、胶结作用使土体更加密实,提高强度。基于试验结果,提出了稻壳灰-水泥固化淤泥微观演变机制分析模型。     

城市河道淤泥固化土的力学特性研究

通过一系列室内击实、直接剪切和无侧限抗压试验,探究了水泥固化淤泥土的力学特性。试验结果表明:随着水泥掺量的增加,固化土样的最优含水率略有下降,最大干密度先下降后增大;相同水泥掺量及养护龄期条件下,压实度越高,直剪强度及无侧限抗压强度越大;相同竖向荷载条件下,直接剪切强度随水泥掺量及养护龄期的增加而增大,且粘聚力随着两者的增加而增大,而内摩擦角变化不明显;随着养护龄期的增加,固化土无侧限抗压强度先增大后降低,在60 d龄期时达到峰值。     

高含水率吹填淤泥固化土强度特性及预测模型

高淤泥初始含水率以及低固化剂掺量是吹填造陆工程和疏浚淤泥资源化利用工程的常见特点,形成的固化土含水率和强度与其关系密切.本文通过室内试验,探讨了吹填淤泥固化土含水率和强度与养护龄期、固化剂掺量、淤泥初始含水率之间的关系,并尝试选择合适的参数,建立固化土无侧限抗压强度预测模型.研究表明,各龄期的固化土含水率随固化剂掺量增...     

二灰黄土强度特性试验研究

二灰黄土是利用石灰、粉煤灰与土料混合作为回填土的一种新型材料，用以代替传统的灰土或素填土。首先，对二灰黄土强度形成机理做了一定的论述，其次，以3种不同的体积比混合石灰、粉煤灰和黄土进行击实试验，并进行了不同龄期无侧限抗压强度试验，得出二灰黄土的最优体积比为1：2：7,二灰黄土强度受含水率影响显著的结论。     

沥青路面冷再生基层混合料试验研究

结合湖北宜昌荷当公路路面大修工程,对以水泥作为添加剂的沥青路面冷再生基层击实指标和7 d浸水无侧限抗压强度进行了试验研究,研究结果表明:水泥稳定沥青混合料的最佳含水率和最大干密度随着水泥掺量的增加而增大,且变化的趋势随着材料的不同而不同,掺水泥稳定原面层和基层混合料的击实指标比掺水泥稳定单一基层混合料的击实指标小;随着水泥掺量的增加,水泥稳定沥青混合料的无侧限抗压强度值逐渐增大,且随着水泥掺量的增加,抗压强度平均值和代表值增大的幅度逐渐减小;掺入水泥稳定原面层和基层混合料的无侧限抗压强度比掺入水泥稳定单一基层的混合料的抗压强度值要小;水泥掺量大于5.5%时,混合料的无侧限抗压强度达到路用标准。     

Evaluation of natural and artificial fiber reinforcements on the mechanical properties of cement-stabilized dredged sediment

The combination of chemical stabilization and fiber reinforcement can simultaneously improve the strength and ductility of dredged sediment. The polypropylene fiber (PF) and straw fiber (SF) were respectively used as artificial and natural reinforcements of cement-stabilized dredged sediment (CDS). A series of unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests were conducted to investigate the effects of cement content, fiber content, fiber length and water content on the mechanical properties of PF-reinforced CDS (CPFDS) and SF-reinforced CDS (CSFDS). Furthermore, the cementation-reinforcement mechanism was explored and analyzed via macro failure characteristics and micro interfacial morphologies inside typical CPFDS and CSFDS samples. The results showed that increasing cement content or decreasing water content significantly improved the UCS and aggravated the brittleness of CPFDS and CSFDS. The suitable addition of PF can effectively improve the UCS of CDS, while incorporating SF exhibited the opposite role. The maximum 7d-, 28d-, 60d- and 90d-UCS of CPFDS were respectively 17.7%, 43.6%, 10.7% and 9.7% higher than that of CDS. The optimum length of PF inside CPFDS and SF inside CSFDS was 3 mm and 5–10 mm, respectively. Both incorporating PF or SF can effectively improve the ductility of CDS. Based on the proposed parameters of total-water/cement ratio and fiber cementation factor, the effective strength development models of CPFDS and CSFDS considering cement content, fiber content, water content and curing time were empirically established. The fiber “bridge” effect and interfacial friction between fiber and cemented soil particles were mainly responsible for the strength evolution and ductility improvement of CPFDS and CSFDS.     

疏浚淤泥固化改性的工程特性

为了探讨利用HAS土壤固化剂改性加固珠江河道疏浚淤泥的固化效果,进行了击实、无侧限抗压强度和抗渗等物理力学性能试验,通过对试验结果的分析,讨论了改性淤泥的压实性和抗压强度的变化规律。结果表明,HAS固化剂改性后,淤泥的压实和渗透性有很大的改善,同时淤泥的强度能得到较大的提高,建立了改性淤泥的强度与龄期、掺入比的关系式,可供实际工程参考。     

Effect of fiber-reinforcement on the strength of cemented soils

This study aims to verify the differences in the strength of an artificially cemented sandy soil with and without fiber reinforcement. The controlling parameters evaluated were the amount of cement, porosity, moisture content, and voids/cement ratio. A series of unconfined compression tests and suction measures were carried out. The results show that fiber insertion in the cemented soil, for the whole range of cement studied, causes an increase in unconfined compression strength. The UCS increased linearly with the amount of cement and reduced with the increase in porosity (η) for both the fiber-reinforced and unreinforced specimens. A power function fits well as the relation between unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and porosity (η). Finally, it was shown that the voids/cement ratio is a good parameter in the evaluation of the unconfined compressive strength of the fiber-reinforced and unreinforced cemented soil studied.     

Parameters Controlling Strength of Industrial Waste-Lime Amended Soil

Unconfined compression tests and suction measurements were carried out in the present work on sandy specimens with distinct Class F fly ash amounts, lime contents, porosities and curing periods to assess key parameters controlling strength of fly ash-lime amended soil. A special effort has been allocated in order to develop a dosage methodology for fly ash-lime improved soils based in a rational criterion, as it exists in the concrete technology where the water/cement ratio plays a fundamental role in the assessment of the target strength. The results show that the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) increased linearly with the amount of lime for soil-fly ash-lime mixtures at all curing time periods studied. A power function fits better the relation UCS-porosity for soil-fly ash-lime mixtures. The bigger the amount of fly ash and the curing time, the larger the UCS for any given porosity and lime content. Finally, the porosity/volumetric lime content ratio, in which volumetric lime content is adjusted by a coefficient (in this case a unique value-0.12-was found for all soil-fly ash-lime mixtures and all curing periods studied) to end in single correlations for each curing period, show to be a good parameter in the evaluation of the unconfined compressive strength of the soil studied (UCS varies non-linearly with the porosity/volumetric lime content ratio in the case of fly ash-lime addition).     

Recycling of dredged river silt reinforced by an eco-friendly technology as microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP)

A large amount of river silt is continuously dredged and usually dumped in landfills or oceans, resulting in land occupation and environmental pollution. Traditionally, cement-based materials are used to cement dredged river silt as building materials, which not only increases carbon dioxide emissions but also uses very little dredged silt. In order to realize the resource utilization of dredged river silt, microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology, which has the advantages of lower energy consumption, less environmental pollution and lower carbon emissions, is adopted to solidify the dredged river silt as roadbed materials in this paper. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test, calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) content test and microstructure test are carried out to analyze the mechanical properties of the solidified dredged river silt. The test results show that the MICP mixing method can be employed to solidify loose dredged river silt into high-strength construction materials. The concentration of the cementation solution has a significant effect on the solidification effect, and the most reasonable concentration of the cementation solution is 1.5 mol/L. With the increase of treatment times, the pores in the soil are filled with CaCO₃, and the UCS of the specimens after 10 times of treatment can reach 6.75 MPa with a relatively uniform CaCO₃ content of 27.8 %. The main crystal form of CaCO₃ is calcite, which can fill the pores and make the river silt particles cement as a whole, which is the main reason for the improvement of mechanical properties of dredged river silt.     

Point-load strength: An index for classification of rock material

Point-load strength (Is) as a measure for the determination of rock strength and for estimating uniaxial (unconfined) compressive strength (UCS) are described and both put together and used for rock strength classification of brittle and hard rocks. The estimated point-load strength values of specimens of varying sizes and also the values corrected to a standard thickness of 50 mm, and the resultant point-load strength values (Is-50) have been used to estimate the uniaxial (unconfined) compressive strength which correlates well with actual recorded uniaxial (unconfined) compression test results. Using graphical and mathematical relationships between the observed and estimated UCS and Is values, a conversion factor of 16 is obtained for estimating uniaxial (unconfined) compressive strength values from point load strength results. A nomogram for computing point-load strength index and a system for the classification of rock material are presented.     

石灰粉煤灰稳定黄土的无侧限抗压强度研究

以石灰粉煤灰稳定黄土为对象,通过标准击实试验、无侧限抗压强度试验,研究养护龄期和石灰粉煤灰掺量对稳定黄土最佳含水率、最大干密度及无侧限抗压强度的影响。结果表明,随石灰粉煤灰掺量的增加,稳定黄土最佳含水率增大,最大干密度减小;石灰粉煤灰掺量一定时,随粉煤灰掺量的增加,最大干密度增大,最佳含水率减小;无侧限抗压强度随养护龄期的增长、石灰粉煤灰掺量的增加而增大。通过对试验数据的拟合回归,建立了稳定黄土无侧限抗压强度与孔隙率、粉煤灰与石灰的比值（F/L）及石灰粉煤灰总体积掺量的关系。     

Modeling of unconfined compressive strength of soil-RAP blend stabilized with Portland cement using multivariate adaptive regression spline

The recycled layer in full-depth reclamation (FDR) method is a mixture of coarse aggregates and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) which is stabilized by a stabilizer agent. For design and quality control of the final product in FDR method, the unconfined compressive strength of stabilized material should be known. This paper aims to develop a mathematical model for predicting the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of soil-RAP blend stabilized with Portland cement based on multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS). To this end, two different aggregate materials were mixed with different percentages of RAP and then stabilized by different percentages of Portland cement. For training and testing of MARS model, total of 64 experimental UCS data were employed. Predictors or independent variables in the developed model are percentage of RAP, percentage of cement, optimum moisture content, percent passing of #200 sieve, and curing time. The results demonstrate that MARS has a great ability for prediction of the UCS in case of soil-RAP blend stabilized with Portland cement (R² is more than 0.97). Sensitivity analysis of the proposed model showed that the cement, optimum moisture content, and percent passing of #200 sieve are the most influential parameters on the UCS of FDR layer.     

Unconfined compressive strength of fly ash reinforced with jute geotextiles

A series of unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests have been conducted on unreinforced fly ash as well as fly ash reinforced with jute geotextiles. The effects of different governing parameters viz., degree of saturation, size of samples, number of jute geotextile layers and age of sample on UCS have been studied. From the test results it is found that the values of UCS are maximum at degree of saturation of 70–75%. The effect of sample size on the values of UCS for unreinforced fly ash is insignificant, whereas with increase in diameter of sample, values of UCS increase in case of reinforced fly ash. With increase in number of jute geotextile layers for reinforced fly ash samples, values of UCS increase and maximum enhancement is found to be around 525% with 4 layers of reinforcement. A non-linear power model has been developed to estimate unconfined compressive strength (UCS_R) of fly ash reinforced with jute geotextiles in terms of unconfined compressive strength (UCS_UR) of unreinforced fly ash and number of layers of reinforcement (N).