紫外防护品的防紫外光谱特性检测

讨论了紫外防护品(眼镜、防晒护肤品、织物)的防紫外检测原理,建立了实用的检测装置,对样品旋转不同的角度进行测试,测试结果与日本岛津UV-3150紫外分光光度计的测量结果比较,具有良好的一致性.检测11种不同类型的镜片,结果表明大多数镜片均能限制UVB(280～320 nm)的透过,但UVA(320～400nm)的透过率较高,镜片的防紫外线能力不理想.采用紫外吸光度法检测6种防晒护肤品,根据吸光度A值的大小,评价产品的性能,3种化妆品实测防紫外效果与产品标定的SPF值不相吻合,并且UVA的透过率较高.检测14种织物,计算得到织物防紫外指数UPF值,发现染色深及较厚的织物防紫外效果较好,纯棉及亚麻防紫外线效果较差.三种紫外防护品对UVB的防护效果都优于对UVA的防护,但UVA对人体同样造成伤害,应引起人们的重视.     

Quantum functional devices: resonant-tunneling transistors,circuits with reduced complexity, and multiple valued logic

Recent advances in the area of quantum functional devices are discussed. After a discussion of the functional device concept, resonant-tunneling bipolar transistors (RTBTs) with a double barrier in the base region are described. Design considerations for RTBTs with ballistic injection and the first observation of minority-electron ballistic RT are presented. RTBTs using thermionic injection and exhibiting a high peak-to-valley ratio at room temperature in the transfer characteristics are also described. Multiple-state RTBTs and their DC and microwave performance are then discussed. Circuit applications of RTBTs also are discussed. It is shown that RTBTs allow the implementation of many analog and digital circuit functions with a greatly reduced number of transistors and show considerable promise for multiple-valued logic. Experimental results on frequency multipliers and parity bit generators are presented. Analog-to-digital converters are memory circuits are also discussed. Two novel superlattice-base transistors are reported. Negative transconductance is achieved by suppression of injection into minibands. Gated quantum-well RT transistors are also discussed     

Monte Carlo simulation for the prediction of the emission levelfrom multiple sources inside shielded enclosures

The emission level from multiple sources inside shielded enclosures is presented. Fields are expressed through the dyadic Green's function. Integrated circuits are modeled as electric and magnetic dipoles. Induced electric current magnitudes on the walls of the enclosures are analytically calculated. Probabilistic models based on measurement data for various source configurations are derived and Monte Carlo simulations are produced. The results are used for the prediction of possible emission margins. Applications in PCB design are discussed and suggestions are made     

光电编码器检测装置研究现状与展望

随着科学技术的发展,各个研究单位对编码器的精度要求越来越高,因此,在编码器研制生产过程中,需要对其误差进行检测,虽然现有检测装置能够完成编码器的误差检测,但都存在着不足之处.文章在参考大量文献的基础上,首先介绍了光电编码器的原理,其次介绍了国内外编码器检测装置的结构及原理,并分析其优缺点,最后对其发展方向进行了展望.     

RF MEMS电感的研究与进展

无线通信的迅速发展,对高性能电感有迫切的需要。本文介绍了目前电感的发展状况,包括表面螺旋电感、垂直平面螺旋电感、悬浮螺旋电感和螺线管电感。对各种电感的性能进行了比较,讨论了电感设计所需考虑的问题及相关因素,对各种电感的加工工艺作了介绍。总结了各种电感的品种因数。     

Spectral density function of multilevel continuous-phase FM

Compact formulas are derived for the spectral density function of an ensemble of continuous-phase constant-envelope multilevel FM waves. The results are general and are presented in terms of averages of elementary functions. Both continuous and discrete spectra are treated, and conditions in terms of the modulation parameters are given under which lines in the spectrum are present. The formulas are applicable in the study ofN-ary FM data transmission systems as well as in pulse frequency modulation.     

A syntax-directed translation for the synthesis ofdelay-insensitive circuits

A syntax-directed translation procedure for the synthesis of delay-insensitive circuits from graph-theoretic specifications is presented. No isochronic fork assumption is required for the correct operation of the synthesized circuits. The synthesized circuits are different from those obtained from Ebergen's synthesis method. In Ebergen's circuits, the voltage levels of a set of wires are used to encode which input events are most recently received. Special circuit elements (the N-element or the RCEL element) and two-phase to four-phase converters are needed to change the voltage levels of the encoding wires when input events are received. In the circuits obtained from the method in this paper, the wires encoding which input events are most recently received are the outputs of the toggles. When input events are received, they are sent directly or via demultiplexers to the toggles to change the voltage levels at their outputs. Two-phase to four-phase converters are not needed. The synthesis method is compared with Ebergen's synthesis method     

脊波变换的研究现状与应用前景

简述了脊波变换的产生和发展，着重介绍了脊波变换理论及其在图像信号的奇异性分析中的应用，分析了现代信号处理中几种变换的优缺点及各自适用的范围，总结了脊波变换目前研究的主要问题，给出了这一领域研究发展的方向。     

Stability of digital filters implemented with two's complementtruncation quantization

The stability of digital filters implemented with two's complement truncation quantization is investigated. Both the direct-form and normal-form realizations are considered and regions in the parameter plane are obtained where the filters are globally asymptotically stable. Regions within the stability triangle of a direct-form digital filter are also studied where limit cycles of period one and two are possible. The results are illustrated with several examples     

红外光源在有害气体检测中的应用研究

研究了红外光源在有害气体检测中的地位和作用。介绍了三类 不同红外光源的结构原理,比较了它们相互之间的优缺点,并对其应用情况进行了综述。然后详细分析 了气体检测技术对红外光源性能的要求以及在光源选型时的注意事项。最后,根据有害气 体检测的发展需求,阐明了红外光源的发展趋势。     

效率、功率因数及其关系的讨论

效率和功率因数是电气与电子工程中的两个重要参数.它们既是两个不同的概念,又有密切的联系.但在目前的电路分析及模拟电子技术的部分教材中,关于效率、功率因数及其关系问题仍然存在一些错误概念,或者对这些重要的问题言之甚少.本文针对上述问题作了详细地讨论.并通过一个例子分析了效率及功率因数之间的关系,纠正了对这些问题的模糊认识,使这些概念更加明确.笔者认为文中的分析和讨论对电类各专业的学生掌握这些基本问题是有益的.     

Robust estimators of the 2-parameter gamma distribution

The available estimators for parameters of the gamma distribution are moment estimators, maximum-likelihood estimators, and approximations to the maximum-likelihood estimators. These estimators are not suitable for small samples; however, they are still being used at the present time. The proposed robust estimators for scale and shape parameters are more suitable for small samples. They have RMS (root-mean-square) errors that are considerably smaller than those of the other estimators. In addition, they are easier to calculate, and are therefore appropriate in many applications     

舰载式高精度水下定位系统

阐述了水下二次定位系统的原理和特点,研究了水下应答器定位系统中所涉及的高精度测距技术。详细介绍了水下应答器收发信号形式,提出了利用线性调频信号和码分多址扩频通信的数据包提高定位精度的理论,结合DSP处理平台,全面论述了系统设计思想,解决了低信噪比条件下多目标信号检测的关键问题。     

Baseline specifications for a magnetically suspended high-speed vehicle

Baseline specifications for a magnetically suspended vehicle capable of 300 mi/h (483 km/h) operation are given. The magnetic forces (lift, drag, and lateral) on a superconducting coil moving over an aluminum guideway are shown. The basic features of the associated cryogenics are presented along with a discussion of the cryogenic refrigeration requirements. Vehicle dynamics and the resultant ride quality over roadbeds of various roughnesses are analyzed. Thrust requirements for the propulsion system are specified, and both the linear induction motor and the linear synchronous motor are considered. Several guideway configurations are suggested and the significant properties of each are noted.     

蓝宝石与相似宝石的拉曼光谱研究

蓝宝石是世界五大名贵宝石之一,优质蓝宝石较为稀少,因此市场上蓝宝石的仿制品也很多.本文通过对蓝宝石、堇青石、蓝色托帕石、海蓝宝石和蓝晶石的拉曼光谱进行测试与研究,得到蓝宝石具有由Al-O振动引起的特征拉曼位移413cm-1,640cm-1和668cm-1;堇青石具有由Si-O振动引起的特征拉曼位移550cm-1,662cm-1,964cm-1和1176cm-1;海蓝宝石具有由Si-O振动引起的特征拉曼位移678cm-1,1064cm-1,1232cm-1;蓝色托帕石具有由Si-O振动引起的特征拉曼位移844cm-1和924cm-1;蓝晶石具有由Si-O引起的特征拉曼位移933cm-1和1133cm-1.根据拉曼位移的位置和强度,可无损、快速、有效地区分蓝宝石、堇青石、海蓝宝石、蓝色托帕石和蓝晶石.     

Active only integrator and differentiator with tunable time constants

In this paper new active only current-mode integrator and differentiator with electronically tunable time constants are described. They are composed of one operational amplifier (OA) and two operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs), and are suitable for monolithic implementation either with CMOS or bipolar technologies. No realizability conditions are imposed for the proposed circuits and all of the active sensitivities are low. The performances of the circuits are demonstrated on the PSPICE platform.     

Influence of the carrier concentration on the mode of high-field domains

From discussions on the behavior of the high-field domain, five different modes are shown to appear successively when changing the carrier concentration in material with a positive field derivative of the carrier-diffusion coefficient. Two of them are cyclically traveling modes whose traveling directions are opposite to each other. The others are trapped-domain modes, and they are classified by the positions in which they are trapped.     

Advanced research in millimeter-wave vacuum electronics

Selected basic research efforts currently sponsored by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) and the National Science Foundation (NSF) are reviewed. Major achievements are highlighted and remaining obstacles are discussed. Future advances are suggested. Opinions expressed are solely those of the author.     

微结构光纤及其双折射特性的研究

主要对微结构光纤以及其双折射特性研究情况进行总结,首先介绍了微结构光纤的研究历程和基本概念,然后重点总结了微结构光纤的解析和数值分析方法,接着介绍了高双折射微结构光纤设计和最新研究进展,最后对微结构光纤的应用和研究前景进行了展望。     

月形波导和加片圆波导的解析分析

采用模匹配方法分析了月形波导和加片圆波导的截止频率。波导中的场采用半数阶Bessel函数展开并令其满足边界条件,从而获得截止频率的特征方程国。根据本文所给公式可求解任意尺寸的月形波导、倒月形波导和加片圆波导的截止频率,并获得稳定的、具有高精度的解。