电沉积非晶态Ni－W－P－SiC复合镀层性能研究

讨论了热处理温度对非晶态Ｎｉ－Ｗ－Ｐ－ＳｉＣ复合镀层硬度、耐磨性和结构的影响。结果表明，复合镀层在３００℃以下为晶态，在３００～４００℃之间为混晶，４００℃开始晶化，并析出细小的Ｎｉ＿３Ｐ相；在镀液中加入少量的添加剂，能提高复合镀层的硬度、耐磨性和晶化温度；复合镀层的硬度和耐磨性随热处理温度的升高而增加，当热处理温度达到４００℃时，硬度和耐磨性达到峰值；腐蚀试验表明复合镀层在各种腐蚀介质（硝酸除外）中的耐蚀性优于１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ不锈钢；扫描电子显微镜表明，添加剂的加入对复合镀层的表面形貌无影响，但电流密度和ｐＨ值的大小对复合镀层的表面形貌影响较大。     

电沉积非晶态Ni—W—P—SiC复合镀层性能研究

讨论了热处理温度对非晶态Ｎｉ－Ｗ－Ｐ－ＳｉＣ复合镀层硬度、耐磨性和结构的影响。结果表明，复合镀层在３００℃以下为非晶态，在３００～４００℃之间为混晶，４００℃开始晶化，并析出细小的Ｎｉ３Ｐ相，在镀液中加入少量的添加剂，能提高复合镀层的硬度，耐磨性和晶化温度，复合镀层的硬度和耐磨性随热处理温度的升高而增加，当热处理温度达到４００℃时，硬度和耐磨性达到峰值，腐蚀试验表明复合镀层在各种腐蚀介质（硝酸除外     

Ni-P-SiC化学复合镀层耐磨性与显微硬度的研究

介绍了一种Ni-P-SiC化学复合镀工艺。研究了热处理温度与时间、SiC粒径与共析量时复合镀层显微硬度和耐磨性的影响。经400℃以上热处理1h后，该复合镀层比常用铬镀层及其它Ni-P基化学复合镀层硬度大、耐磨性好。     

电沉积RE-Ni-W-B多元复合镀层性能研究

研究了镀液组成及工艺参数对电沉积RE Ni W B复合镀层硬度和沉积速度的影响,以及不同热处理温度下复合镀层硬度、磨损率及抗氧化性的变化规律。结果表明:在最佳工艺条件下,复合镀层的沉积速率为5 13μm/h,硬度为667HV。采用X射线能谱仪测试镀层成分表明,RE Ni W B复合镀层中各成分的质量分数分别为wW=0 49%,wB=1 17%,wCe=1 99%。热处理温度对复合镀层硬度、磨损率及抗氧化性有较大的影响,热处理温度提高,复合镀层的硬度先增加后降低,磨损率先降低后增加;当热处理温度为400℃时,硬度和磨损率分别达到最大值和最小值,即1087HV和0 64mg/(cm2·h);复合镀层的氧化增重随热处理温度的增加而增加,当热处理温度低于400℃时,镀层的氧化增重较小,热处理温度高于600℃,复合镀层的氧化增重大幅度增加。     

Ni-B-SiC-RE化学复合镀的研究

研究了 Ni-B-SiC-RE 复合镀层的工艺及性能。结果表明,稳定剂在化学复合镀过程中起决定性作用;添加适量稀土元素(RE)不仅能增加复合镀层中 SiC 的含量,提高复合镀层的硬度和耐磨性,而且还能细化晶粒;复合镀层的耐磨性随镀层中 SiC 含量的增加而提高,经400℃×1 h 和500℃×1 h 热处理后,复合镀层的硬度和耐磨性分别达到最佳值。     

电沉积RE-Ni-W-B-SiC复合镀层的性能

研究了ＲＥ－Ｎｉ－Ｗ－Ｂ－ＳｉＣ复合材料的耐磨性和耐蚀性．结果表明,在适当的镀液组成及工艺条件下,可获得组成为ＲＥ－Ｎｉ－Ｗ－４８％Ｂ－１５％ＳｉＣ的复合材料镀层．在镀液中加入少量稀土,能提高复合镀层的硬度和耐磨性;热处理温度对复合材料镀层的硬度和耐磨性有较大的影响,硬度和耐磨性随热处理温度的升高而增加．当热处理温度达到４００℃时,复合镀层的硬度达到最佳值,耐磨性在５００℃时为最好．磨损实验表明,在相同条件下,复合材料镀层的耐磨性是硬铬的４～５倍;腐蚀实验表明,复合材料镀层在各种腐蚀介质（硝酸除外）中的耐蚀性均优于１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ不锈钢．     

电沉积RE-Ni-W-P-B4C-PTFE

研究了ＲＥ－Ｎｉ－Ｗ－Ｐ－Ｂ４Ｃ－ＰＴＦＥ复合镀层的性能。结果表明：热处理温度对ＲＥ－Ｎｉ－Ｗ－Ｐ－Ｂ４Ｃ－ＰＴＦＥ复合镀层的硬度影响很大,当温度达到４００℃时,复合镀层的硬度达到极大值（１１４５Ｈｖ）;在同一热处理温度下,当保温时间达到３小时,镀层的硬度值最佳。当热处理温度达到３００℃时,ＲＥ－Ｎｉ－Ｗ－Ｐ－Ｂ４Ｃ－ＰＴＦＥ复合镀层的耐磨性最好。高温氧化试验表明：ＲＥ－ＮＩ－Ｗ－Ｐ－Ｂ４Ｃ－ＰＴ     

脉冲宽度对电刷镀制备Ni/CNT纳米晶复合镀层显微结构及性能的影响

在不同工艺参数下利用电刷镀技术制备镍-碳纳米管纳米镀层。将碳纳米管添加到刷镀镍的基础镀液中,并以球磨的方式加以分散。镀液中碳纳米管质量浓度为3 g/L。利用扫描电子显微镜和X-射线衍射对镀层晶粒尺寸、显微结构以及形貌进行分析,利用显微硬度仪和球磨磨损试验机对镀层硬度及磨损量进行测试。结果表明,在直流电流下所制备的Ni/CNT镀层的晶粒尺寸约为20 nm;在脉冲电流下,Ni/CNT镀层晶粒尺寸有所降低,并且当脉冲宽度变短时,镀层表面更为平整。随着热处理温度的升高,Ni/CNT镀层的晶粒尺寸有所增加,当加热温度达到500℃时,镀层晶粒尺寸超过50 nm。脉冲电流下所制备的镀层的显微硬度明显高于直流电流下,并且随着脉冲的变短镀层硬度增大。在300℃以下时,Ni/CNT镀层硬度有轻微变化,当温度升高到400℃以上时,镀层硬度明显降低。脉冲电流下所制备复合镀层的耐磨性较直流电流下更好,并且随着脉冲的变短,镀层耐磨性增强。     

铝合金表面Ni-P复合刷镀层的制备与性能

论述了铝合金表面刷镀Ni-P合金的工艺条件，研究了铝合金表面刷镀Ni-P合金的性能，热处理温度对铝合金表面Ni-P合金刷镀层硬度和耐磨性有较大的影响，经400℃热处理后，硬度和耐磨性达到最大值，在铝合金零部件上刷镀Ni-P合金具有刷镀层硬度高，耐磨性好，解决了铝及铝合金表面硬度低，易磨损等问题，具有广泛的应用前景。     

脉冲电沉积RE-Ni-W-B复合镀层的研究

研究了脉冲频率和占空比对电沉积RE-Ni-W-B复合镀层硬度及沉积速率的影响,以及热处理温度对复合镀层硬度、磨损率及抗高温氧化性的影响.结果表明,当脉冲频率(f)和占空比(r)控制在1000 Hz和3∶1时,复合镀层硬度最高,厚度最大,分别为636 HV和0.0281 mm.使用脉冲电流,并在镀液中添加稀土元素,能有效降低镀层中镍含量,提高钨含量,降低复合镀层表面的裂痕.脉冲电沉积复合镀层的硬度均高于直流电镀复合镀层,磨损率均低于直流镀层.当热处理温度低于400°C时,热处理温度升高,复合镀层硬度增加,在400°C时,硬度最高,磨损率最低;高于400°C后,两种复合镀层的硬度又开始下降,磨损率上升.直流及脉冲复合镀层在600°C以下氧化增重都较小,600°C以后氧化增重明显增加.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。