基于层次分析法的混凝土建模在质控中的应用

针对混凝土质量提出运用层次分析法，分析影响混凝土质量的各种因素，建立实用有效的层次结构模型，并列表采用求根法进行计算，经过一系列的综合分析和一致性检验，最终确定混凝土进行质量控制的重点，为混凝土进行质量控制提供了理论依据和指导。     

基于主成分分析和综合指数法的饮用水水源地水质评价

将主成分分析和综合指数评价法相结合,对绵阳市饮用水水源地的水质现状进行了评价.结果表明,2006-2010年饮用水水源地水质呈下降趋势,特别是2010年水质污染程度严重,主成分载荷值最大者为BOD5,重金属汞的单因子指数为2,无法满足Ⅱ级水源地(Ⅲ类地表水)标准要求,并根据水质污染现状,提出了相应的保护水源地水质的措施.     

浅谈后张法预应力施工技术及质量控制

通过对重庆—长沙高速公路井岗河特大桥T梁预应力施工研究,探讨了后张法预应力施工相关技术及质量控制,指出在后张法预应力施工过程中,确定预应力筋的强拉控制应力是施工的关键,预应力筋张拉时采用张拉应力和伸长量双控能有效控制T梁的张拉质量。     

Assessing the public health risk of microbial intrusion events in distribution systems: conceptual model, available data, and challenges

Low and negative pressure events in drinking water distribution systems have the potential to result in intrusion of pathogenic microorganisms if an external source of contamination is present (e.g., nearby leaking sewer main) and there is a pathway for contaminant entry (e.g., leaks in drinking water main). While the public health risk associated with such events is not well understood, quantitative microbial risk assessment can be used to estimate such risk. A conceptual model is provided and the state of knowledge, current assumptions, and challenges associated with the conceptual model parameters are presented. This review provides a characterization of the causes, magnitudes, durations and frequencies of low/negative pressure events; pathways for pathogen entry; pathogen occurrence in external sources of contamination; volumes of water that may enter through the different pathways; fate and transport of pathogens from the pathways of entry to customer taps; pathogen exposure to populations consuming the drinking water; and risk associated with pathogen exposure.     

Regional industrial production's spatial distribution and water pollution control: A plant-level aggregation method for the case of a small region in China

With fast economic growth, industrial water pollution has been a serious problem ubiquitously in China. More threatening is that lots of economic developing regions still strategically depend on fast industrialization, neglecting the relationship between production's spatial distribution and regional water environmental carrying capacity. As a small region, Deyang City is the objective case. We propose a plant-level aggregation method to estimate the spatial distribution of industrial water pollution pressure in the future five years. Based on discrete event simulation, newly added industrial projects' sizes and location choices (refer to industrial location theory) are regionally aggregated. COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) emission into every river reach in the region is calculated respectively. In order to recover the water environmental function, the strategy aims at controlling emission within the carrying capacity of each river reach. And the strategy is assessed on its regional effects and spatial equity, from the perspective of government and industry. The results quantitatively show the diversified uncertain bounds of river reaches' COD adoptions which will aggravate the water pollution. And the pollution control strategy's effect indicates a large different level of spatial equity for industry and government respectively.     

全站仪自由设站隧道围岩变形非接触监测理论和方法的研究

钢尺收敛计隧道围岩变形量测由人工拉尺读数,效率低,与施工相互干扰,测量结果容易受人为因素影响。为满足现代隧道快速、大跨、安全施工需求,提出全站仪围岩变形非接触量测单站、双站自由设站三维坐标法和单站、双站独立坐标测线法的概念和方法,推导围岩变形监测全站仪自由设站坐标转换数学模型。阐述自动全站仪隧道围岩变形非接触监测系统的组成、开发及其特点。以北京东直门地铁隧道施工围岩变形监测为例,说明系统的数据处理、精度评定、图形分析和预报功能,该系统以其高精度、自动化、简便实用的优点在隧道围岩变形监测中起到重要作用。     

The social benefits of restoring water quality in the context of the Water Framework Directive: A comparison of willingness to pay and willingness to accept

The Water Framework Directive (WFD) is by far the most important piece of water legislation in Europe for the coming decades. Its main aim is to achieve “good ecological status” for all water resources by 2015. The economic valuation of the non-market benefits derived from improving water quality is an important input in assisting the design and implementation of efficient and effective water management policies. In this study, the contingent valuation method has been applied with a double purpose. On the one hand, we have estimated the value of a hypothetical improvement in water quality of a river asking individuals about their willingness to pay, and on the other hand, the issue of exemptions contemplated in the WFD has been addressed surveying people on their willingness to accept compensation if projected improvements were not carried out. Finally, a comparison of costs and benefits in a cost-benefit framework shows that the net present value of the water quality policy is positive both if we consider willingness to pay estimates as willingness to accept estimates, therefore this policy appears desirable from a social perspective.     

基于居民认知的城市水域景观保护和开发利用研究——以开封市为例

保护城市水域景观,并加强其开发利用已经成为现代城市建设的一个重要组成部分。尝试从居民意愿的角度出发,以开封水域景观保护和开发利用为研究对象,通过实地走访和问卷调查,分析了开封居民对开封水域景观特色、保护和开发的认知和态度。基于此,提出开封水域景观保护和开发利用的意见和建议,以期为城市水域的可持续利用提供一定的理论依据和决策方法。     

基于城市更新视角的旧城中心区水系整治——以广州荔枝湾涌、东濠涌为例

以广州市荔枝湾涌、东濠涌整治工程为例,从城市更新的角度探讨大事件促成的旧城中心区水系整治所面临的种种问题及措施.先简要分析当前中国城市更新和旧城中心区水系整治的关系和主要特点,继而介绍广州市2项重点工程的主要内容.在此基础上从更新目标与效果差异、利益格局多元博弈、管理机制内在失谐、更新发展难以持续4个方面分析其中的冲突,并思考整治方法的不足.最后提出旧城中心区水系整治是历史文化生态综合廊道的建设,另外也需注意社会经济和管理制度2个方面的重要作用.