Vibration Analysis of a Pipe Conveying Fluid Under Harmonic Excitation

In this paper, using Hamilton principle, the control equation of fluid-structure interaction vibration of a pipe conveying fluid under simple harmonic excitation was established and a novel method, Galerkin-Modality′s method was proposed to solve this equation. The influence of the damp, the flow velocity, the pressure and the length of the pipe supported by simple supports on the piping′s first two natural frequencies was discussed. The critical pressure and the critical length of the pipe were obtained. The influence of the flow velocity and pressure on the piping′s maximal relative displacements were analyzed.     

The urban unsteady and non pressure rain pipe flow routing by the dynamical wave method

The dynamical-wave method routing model of the unsteady and non-pressure rain pipe flow was be established by conservation of mass, momentum and energy in the city unsteady and non-pressure rain pipe flow, and it was resoled by applying the four concealing style differences and the pursue method. Results by experiment checking computations and comparative analysis state that this routing model can reflect flood peak propagate in pipeline attenuate and backwater etc. influence, has the higher calculation precision, possess vast sphere of application, and can adapts to performing the city rain pipe flow routing in t the distinct situation of the different incline degrees and enter runoff . This routing model supplies the scientific foundation to the Town rainfall piping design or checking, administration, and so on.     

Influence of Thermal Flow Field of Cooling Tower on Recirculation Ratio of a Direct Air-Cooled System for a Power Plant

In order to get thermal flow field of direct air-cooled system, the hot water was supplied to the direct air-cooled condenser. The PIV experiments were carried out to get thermal flow field of a direct air-cooled system under different conditions in low velocity wind tunnel, at the same time, the recirculation ratio at cooling tower was measured, so the relationship between flow field characteristic and recirculation ratio of cooling tower can be discussed, from the results we can see that: the flow field configuration fore-and-aft cooling tower has great effects on average recirculation ratio under cooling tower. The eddy formed fore-and-aft cooling tower is a key reason that recirculation produces. The eddy intensity relates to velocity magnitude and direction angle, the configuration of eddy lies on the geometry size of cooling tower. So changing the flow field configuration fore-and-aft cooling tower reasonably can decrease recirculation ratio under cooling tower, and heat dispel effect of ACC can also be improved.     

Evaluation of Morphology—Stable Critical Size of KNbO3 Crystals

Skeletal form of KnbO3 crystals growing in Li2B4O7 solvent was in-situ observed at 900℃ and it was found that shallow depression started to develop on the surface of KnbO3 crystals when the crystal size exceeded several micron,typically 7 micron.Based on the quantitative criterion derived by Chernov,the estimated critical size of KNbO3 crystals was 1 micron,which was consistent with the experimental measurement.The kinetic coefficients,Kcorner and Kcr,in the criterion were experimentally obtained in the diffusive-convective and diffusive-advective flow states respectively.     

Modeling and Simulation of the Tracked Pipe Duct Cleaning Robot Based on the Pro/Engingeer and RecurDyn

In order to solve the problem of the pipeline inspection and cleaning, combining the 3D modeling software Pro/Eningeer （Pro/E） and the dynamics analysis software RecurDyn, the main model, the track system model of the tracked pipe duct cleaning robot and the road model are built, and the entity assembly in RecurDyn is applied and the simulation model is obtained. The paper RecurDyn. The speed, the torque of driving wheel and the carries out the dynamic simulation with the software vibration-acceleration of gravity of the whole robot in the vertical direction are obtained and analyzed. Finally, the simulation and the calculation results are compared, the two results are basically the same, it has guiding significance for the further study and the potential applications of the tracked pipe duct cleaning robot     

Small-scale area survey and analyses of Xinjiang’s coal field fire in China

Carry out the practical investigations of coal field fire and study its effects to area climate change are a key aspect in research of evaluating the natural disasters. In this paper, we select Xinjiang’s coal field as the investigated area. Through a series of field surveys in Xinjiang, we make the small-scale area analysis of coal field based on the thermal radiation information, and present the reasonable evaluation of thermal anomaly conditions of Xinjiang’s coal field arising from coal self-ignition fires. The results show that the method of small-scale area analysis is available for examining the extinguished actuality of coal fires and detecting newly developed fire spots. Simultaneously, for active coal field fires, it will determine the rough fires range and provide quantitative and ground references for extinguish engineering.     

Dendrite Spacing Selection during Directional Solidification of Pivalic Acid-Ethanol System

Unidirectional solidification of pivalic acid （PVA）-ethanol （Eth） mixture was performed to examine whether an allowable range of primary dendrite spacing definitely exists at a given growth velocity and how the range is history-dependent. PVA-0.59 wt pct Eth was unidirectionally solidified in the range of growth velocity 0.5-64 μm/s at the temperature gradient of 2.3 K/ram. Sequential change in growth velocity was imposed to determine the upper and lower limits for the allowable range of stable spacing. An allowable range of the steady state primary spacing was observed at a given growth velocity, and the extent of the range seems to be dependent on the degree to which step-increase or step-decrease in growth velocity is accomplished. As the degree of sequential change in growth velocity increases, the history-dependence of the selection for the primary dendrite spacing tends to disappear.     

Solute Redistribution with Shear Flow in Molten Pool of Ni-Cr Alloy

Columnar grain growth with shear flow in molten pool of Ni-Cr alloy was simulated with a coupled model of grain growth and solute transport.The results indicate that shear flow alters solute distribution at the vicinity of columnar grains.The solute concentration gradient on the upstream side is greater,while that on the downstream side is smaller,leading to asymmetrical growth of columnar grains.In the interior of a columnar grain,solute concentration increases from the bottom to the dendrite tip,but the rate of increase tends to be reduced.The simulated results are consistent with the experiments.     

Evolution of the microstructure and solute distribution of Sn-10wt% Bi alloys during electromagnetic field-assisted directional solidification

The effects of forced flows at different velocities on microstructure and solute distribution during the directional solidification of Sn-10 wt% Bi alloys under a simultaneous imposition of a transverse static magnetic field(TSMF) and an external direct current(DC) have been investigated experimentally and numerically. The experimental results show that the solid-liquid interface will gradually become sloping with the increase of the forced flow velocity when the thermoelectric magnetic convection(TEMC)dominates the forced flow at solidification front. However, the interface will gradually become planar as the flow velocity further increases when the electromagnetic convection(EMC) dominates the forced flow. Moreover, when the flow velocity gradually increases, the primary dendrite spacing decreases from384 to 105 μm accordingly. The simulation results show that the solute distribution at the two sides of the sample can be significantly changed by the forced flow at solidification front. The rejected solute will be unidirectionally transported to one side of the sample along the TEMC(a low-velocity forced flow),thereby causing the formation of a sloping interface. However, the rejected solute will be returned back along the EMC(a higher-velocity force flow), which results in a planar interface. Furthermore, the solute content at the two sides of the sample under the forced flows at different velocities was measured. The results are in good agreement with the simulation results, which shows that the solute content difference between the two sides of the sample reaches the maximum when a 0.5 T TSMF is applied, while the solute content difference decreases to zero with a simultaneous application of a 0.5 T TSMF and a 1.6 × 10~5 A/m~2 external DC.     

Lamellar Spacing Selection in Regular Eutectic Solidification at Low Velocity

Based on the Jackson and Hunt＇s analysis, the selection of lamellar spacing in regular eutectics was reexamined at low velocity. The isothermal assumption was released and the effective interface undercooling was determined by the weighted average of the eutectic phases. It is found that the lamellar spacing minimized the effective interface undercooling depends only on the intrinsic characteristics of a given system at a fixed velocity. In addition, the selection of lamellar spacing is related to the relationship between the average interracial undercoolings of the eutectic phases and the lamellar spacing. The selected lamellar spacing obviously deviated from that predicted by the Jackson and Hunt＇s analysis if the variation of the average interracial undercoolings of the solid phases with the lamellar spacing was markedly different at a constant growth rate.     

Distortion Analysis of Single V-groove Butt Welding on Heat Treatable Aluminum Alloys

In this study we conducted single V-groove butt welding (GTAW) on three types of heat treatable aluminum alloys 2024-T351, 6061-T6 and 7075-T6 and compared the angular distortion levels of the three aluminum alloys at different Vee preparation angles with or without restraint. Experimental results demonstrated that when the Vee preparation angle was 0° (I-shaped groove), the angular distortion level of the restrained weldment can exceed that of the unrestrained weldments. Moreover, when the Vee preparation angle was 45°, 60° or 90°, the restrained weldment had lower angular distortion than the unrestrained weldments. The single Vee preparation angle (amount of filler metal) in butt welding affected the angular distortion of the weldment. Without restraint, the angular distortion tended to increase with the single Vee preparation angle. Meanwhile, the angular distortion tended to decrease when the single Vee preparation angle was 60°. Additionally, a restrained weldment had high angular distortion when the single Vee preparation angle was 0°. Notably, the angular distortion tended to reduce with increasing single Vee preparation angle. The angular distortion of the weldment was minimized at an angle of 60°. However, the angular distortion increased when the Vee preparation angle exceeded 60°. The high-temperature yield strength of a material also affected its angular distortion. Angular distortion increased with high-temperature yield strength. Experimental results also showed that, from the strongest to the weakest, the high-temperature yield strength of the three types of aluminum alloys followed the order 6061-T6 and 2024-T351>7075-T6.     

Investigation on a Non-cyanide Plating Process of Ni-P Coating on Magnesium Alloy AZ91D

In this research we presented a non-cyanide plating process of Ni-P alloy coating on Mg alloy AZ91D. By applying a new process flow of electroless nickel plating in which zinc coating is used as transition of Ni-P coating on Mg alloy AZ91D, the process of copper transition coating plated in the cyanides bath can be replaced. A new bath composed of NiSO4 was established by orthogonal test. The results show that zinc transition coating can increase the adhesion and pH 4.0 and 95℃, respectively. The present process flow is composed of ultrasonic cleaning→alkaline cleaning→acid pickling→activation→double immersing zinc→electroplating zinc→electroless nickel plating→passivation treatment.The present non-cyanide process of electroless nickel plating is harmless to our surroundings and Ni-P coating on Mg alloy AZ91D produced by present process possesses good adhesion and corrosion resistance.     

Numerical Simulation on the Flow Field of a Four-channel Coal Burner

In this paper,the numerical simulation on the flow field of a four-channel coal burner was investigated with Fluent software.The three-dimension model was created with UG software.The structure was meshed by using Gambit software.The realizable κ-ε turbulence model and simple method were adopted.The variation of the inner flow field of the burner was studied and analyzed.The results simulated to the burner by the realizable κ-ε turbulence model show that the contours of the flow field accord with the actual...     

Wettability of CuNi-Ti Alloys on Si_3N_4 and Interfacial Reaction Products

Based on the alloy Cu55Ni45 (at pct), holding the proportion of Cu to Ni in constant and in the temperature range of 1233~1573 K, the wetting angles of CuNi-0~56 at pct Ti alloys on Si3N4 have been measured by the sessile drop method. With the increase of Ti content, the wetting angles decreased. The equilibrium wetting angle was 5° when Ti content ≥32 at pct.In the case of same Ti content, the activity of Ti in CuNiTi alloy was weaker than that in CuTi alloy The cross-section of the CuNiTi-Si3N4 interface and the elements distribution were examined by scanning electron microscope with X-ray wave-dispersion spectrometer, and the reaction products formed at the interface were determined by X-ray diffiaction analysis method.     

Researches on the key technology and equipment for rapid construction of long tunnels with large section

Excavation and lining are two main and important tasks in tunnel construction. Conventional sequential operations may not be appropriate due to time limit for a project and the high cost of construction. The authors developed the new mode of tunnel construction that excavation and lining can be operated simultaneously. The new mode of tunnel construction was applied in Dahuofang Water Conveyance Project in Liaoning Province successfully. This paper makes a comparison of Main Beam TBMs and Double Shield TBMs, the type selection of TBM used in Dahuofang Water Conveyance Project, and the features of Full-ring Inner-through Lining Shutter Jumbo which solves the problem of interference between excavation and lining.     

Continuous Separation of Inclusions from Aluminum Melt Flowing in a Circular Pipe using a High Frequency Magnetic Field

The continuous separation of inclusions from aluminum melt flowing in a circular pipe using a high frequency magneticfield was investigated both theoretically and experimentally The separation efficiency was calculated based on thetrajectory method and compared with experimental results. It is found that the separation efficiency is a functilnondimensional parameters t_i·d_p~2B_e~2/μ_fμ_eα~2 and α/δ.The effective way to improve the separation efficiency is to increasethe effective magnetic flux density and decrease the pipe radius. and the value of α/δ should be kept about 2 in orderto obtain the optimum separation efficiency.     

Tailoring metallic surface properties induced by laser surface processing for industrial applications

As a simple, reproducible, and pollution-free technique with the potential of integration and automation, laser processing has attracted increasing attention. Laser processing, which includes laser polishing, laser cleaning,and fabrication of laser-induced micro-/nano-structures, has been demonstrated to yield smooth, clean, functional surfaces and effective joining. Laser polishing is an advanced, highly efficient, and ecofriendly polishing technology. This study demonstrated the laser polishing of a selective laser-melted Inconel 718(IN718) superalloy and a titanium alloy sample. The surface roughnesses Raand Rzof the IN718 superalloy were respectively reduced from 8 and 33 μm to 0.2 and 0.8 μm, and the Raof the titanium alloy was reduced from 9.8 μm to 0.2 μm.Moreover, the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the IN718 were apparently improved. As another surface-related processing method, laser cleaning was used to clean terminal blocks. Almost all the contaminants were removed, as verified by the absence of their chemical compositions and the decreased surface roughness. In addition, a superhydrophobic surface with a contact angle of over 160° and sliding angle of b8° on stainless steel was obtained by laser texturing treatment. These results demonstrate the high potential of laser processing in the scientific, technological, and industrial fields.     

Hazard Evaluation of Raw Pyrotechnics Mixtures Regarding Cause Investigation of Explosive Incident

In order to conduct the cause investigation of an explosive incident by raw pyrotechnics mixtures, various hazard evaluation tests were performed. Explosions occurred during manufacturing fire-works, which consisted of potassium perchlorate (KClO₄), aluminum (Al) powder and antimony trisulfide (Sb₂S₃). Identification of the explosive materials was conducted by sampling of soil at the explosion places including craters and analyzing them. Though we found it was very stable thermally, at least up to 500 ℃ based on the results of DSC and TG-DTA, it appeared high sensibility in friction and falling impacts. By the gap test (sympathetic detonation test), we found it was easy to develop sympathetic detonation. Therefore, more careful treatment is needed when we manufacture, treat or consume these materials.     

Analysis on distribution law of the abutment pressure of the integrated coal beside the road in packing for gob side entry retaining in fully mechanized caving face

The three-dimensional damage constitutive relationship of coal is established and distribution law of the abutment pressure of the integrated coal beside the road-in packing for gob-side entry retaining in fully-mechanized caving face under the effect of given deformation of the main roof is analyzed by the damage mechanics theory. And the relationship between distribution of the abutment pressure and thickness of coal seam is explored. The presented result is of great theoretical significance and practical value to the study on stability control of the surrounding rock of road-in packing for gob-side entry retaining in fully-mechanized caving face.     

Electron Microscopy Studies on Ultrafine Zirconia Powders from Solvent Extraction with Tributyl Phosphate in Kerosene

Solvent extraction of Zr(IV) with TBP in kerosene was used to precipitate precursory zirconia which was then processed to produce ultrafine zirconia powders. The powder prepared was examined and characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Effects of the conditions of preparation on powder properties were especially investigated.It was found the preclpitate was gel-like material with heterogeneous porosity. The gel transformed to polycrystalline particles when calcined to ultrafine powder at 600℃. The composition of the loaded organic phase and the conditions of washing the precipitate are two main factors affecting the properties of powder obtained