石英晶体的条纹缺陷及其对透过率的影响

采用正交偏光条纹检测仪观察了水热法生长的光学石英晶体中的条纹缺陷,分析了光学石英晶体中条纹缺陷产生的原因和对晶体样品的透过率的影响。结果表明:晶体中的条纹缺陷主要是由在生长过程中籽晶中缺陷的遗传和高压釜中局部生长条件变化引起的。有条纹和无条纹缺陷晶体在400～800nm波段存在最高吸收峰,800～2500nm波段存在最低吸收峰。有条纹缺陷和无条纹缺陷晶体样品的透过率存在0.64%的差异。     

大截面NaCl晶体的生长和性能

采用电阻加热Czochralski法和坩埚底部补偿技术,在优化温场和工艺参数后,生长出了f130 mm×100 mm的NaCl单晶。XRD分析表明,NaCl晶体为立方晶系,晶格常数为a=0.564 02 nm。晶体的透光性能测试表明:厚度4 mm的样品的透过率大于91.5%;晶体的Virckers硬度为21.52 kg/mm~2,硬度系数为1.672,证明NaCl晶体是一种软质材料;晶体的光学均匀性随着位错密度的增加而降低;热释光发光(TL)曲线表明,NaCl晶体的发光峰位于74.35℃和221.14℃,后者的发光强度是前者的5倍以上,表明NaCl晶体是一种可用于剂量测定和红外领域的优质材料。     

大截面NaCl晶体的生长和性能EI北大核心CSCD

采用电阻加热Czochralski法和坩埚底部补偿技术,在优化温场和工艺参数后,生长出了φ130 mm×100 mm的NaCl单晶.XRD分析表明,NaCl晶体为立方晶系,晶格常数为a=0.5640_(2) nm.晶体的透光性能测试表明:厚度4 mm的样品的透过率大于91.5%;晶体的Virckers硬度为21.52 kg/mm^(2),硬度系数为1.672,证明NaCl晶体是一种软质材料;晶体的光学均匀性随着位错密度的增加而降低;热释光发光(TL)曲线表明,NaCl晶体的发光峰位于74.35℃和221.14℃,后者的发光强度是前者的5倍以上,表明NaCl晶体是一种可用于剂量测定和红外领域的优质材料.     

掺质钆镓石榴石晶体的生长及色泽的研究

生长了分别掺Cr、Nd、Co和Ni的钆镓石榴石晶体,不同掺质的晶体具有不同的色泽。用化学分析方法估算了Cr、Co和Ni在此晶体中的有效分凝系数,其数值分别为2.7、0.19和0.017。在 0.3～0.7μm的光波范围内测了这些掺质晶体的光学透过性质。γ射线辐照实验表明,辐照后晶体的色泽有不同程度的变化。     

生长方法对DKDP晶体生长习性及光学性能的影响

以KH2PO4作为原材料,从含85%(摩尔分数)氘的氘化溶液中分别由传统降温法和"点籽晶"快速生长法生长了磷酸二氘钾[(K(DxH1-x)2PO4,DKDP]晶体。对加工后的样品进行了光散射和透过性能测试,研究了不同生长方法对DKDP晶体的生长习性和光学性能的影响。结果表明:对于纯度较高原料(杂质金属离子浓度≤10-6),"点籽晶"快速生长法能有效避免晶体生长过程中杂晶的出现,且生长速率为传统降温法的10倍,但所得晶体存在严重的光散射,透过性能明显下降,另外,快速生长所得晶体柱面区域较锥面区域光学性能明显下降。     

PbWO4:(Mo,Y)晶体的闪烁性能研究

用改进的坩埚下降法生长PbWO4(Mo,Y)和纯PbWO4闪烁晶体.对切自毛坯晶体籽晶端的23 mm×23 mm×20 mm六面抛光样品进行了吸收光谱、超短脉冲X射线激发荧光寿命、光产额和辐照损伤性能的测试.结果表明Mo,Y双掺杂能显著增强PbWO4晶体的辐照硬度,在35 Gy/h的剂量率下辐照24 h后,纯PbWO4晶体的光产额变化率为52.4%,而PbWO4(Mo,Y)晶体的光产额变化率仅为17.5%.Mo,Y双掺杂也改善了PbWO4晶体在350～420 nm范围内的光学透过性能,并且PbWO4(Mo,Y)晶体的平均发光衰减时间缩短为8.5 ns,较之纯PbWO4晶体(15.2 ns)更快.     

钨酸铅晶体的红外反射谱

采用提拉法生长了钨酸铅(PbWO4,PWO)晶体.室温下测量了PWO晶体的红外反射谱,观察到7个反射峰,分别位于84,125,260,298.381.785cm-1和854 cm-1,对各个反射峰进行了振动归属;利用Kramers-Kronig(K-K)关系对样品的红外反射谱进行数据处理,获得晶体的静态介电常数ε0=5.25,高频介电常数ε∞=4.30,横光学声子频率ωτ=769.92cm-1和纵光学声子频率ωL=881.19cm-1等物理参量.     

Ybx:KY1-x(WO4)2晶体的生长与结构及光谱性能

用顶部籽晶提拉法(top seeded solution growth,TSSG)生长出Ybx:KY1-x(WO4)2(x=5%,摩尔分数,下同)和KYb(WO4)2晶体,比较了两者的结构和光谱性能.工艺参数:转速为10-15 r/min,提拉速率为1-2mm/d,生长周期为10-15d,降温生长速率为O.05-0.1℃/h,降温速率为20℃/h.X射线衍射分析表明:两者均为低温相的β-KYW结构,计算了2种晶体的晶格常数.测试了红外及Raman光谱,Ybx:KY1-xW(x=5%)样品在925,891,840,777,749 cm-1具有较强的红外吸收峰,是由WO4原子基团伸缩振动引起的;KYbW样品在484,437 cm-1处具有较强的红外吸收峰,反映了WO4原子基团的弯曲振动.分析了晶体的振动模式,认为2种晶体有较强的Raman活性,钨氧双桥键WOOW和单桥键WOW基团的振动在200～1 000cm-1范围内,对峰值与相应的振动进行了指认.     

MoS_2二维晶体的可控制备的研究

本文基于CVD系统,提出了采用衬底正置法的单层二硫化钼二维晶体的合成方法,对制备单层二硫化钼二维晶体的生长条件进行探究,并对样品的生长机制进行归纳和总结。若干表征技术的反馈结果表明,采用此方法制备的硫化钼二维晶体具备较高的晶体质量,样品生长在载气空间分布方向上存在最佳位置。     

Glan-Taylor棱镜的加工与镀膜工艺研究

介绍了双折射晶体方解石的加工工艺过程,包括对双折射方解石晶体进行定向、切割、研磨、抛光、消光比的测定等.为了增加Glan-Taylor棱镜的透过率,对所制成的Glan-Taylor棱镜进行镀膜加工,利用电子束蒸发方法镀制了非晶态增透膜,并对棱镜的光透过性质和涂膜层牢固度进行了表征.结果显示镀有非晶态增透膜MgF2的样品在可见光谱范围内比未镀MgF2的样品有更高的透过率,并且膜层牢固.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。