基于MOSFET漏电流温度特性的室温红外探测器

基于MOSFET的漏电流温度特性，提出了一种可与CMOS工艺兼容的新型室温红外探测器。它采用在SOI衬底上实现的MOSFET作为探测红外灵敏元，在MOSFET的钝化层上制作可提高红外吸收率的光学谐振腔，并利用硅微机械加工技术将SOI的隐埋氧化层悬空，形成热绝缘微桥结构。MOSFET在担当探测红外辐射灵敏元的同时，又作为放大处理电路的一部分，简化了电路。分析表明，探测器的探测率可高达10^9-10^10cmHz^1/2W^-1.     

共用桥腿式高性能非制冷红外焦平面探测器研究

研制出一种新型微桥结构的氧化钒非制冷红外焦平面探测器。该微桥结构采用列相邻像素共用桥腿的方式,极大地增加了桥腿长度,减小热导,能有效提高像元响应率并降低噪声等效温差（NETD）。同时该微桥结构采用双层工艺,增加桥面及氧化钒面积,提升填充率,进一步提升探测器性能。探测器器件阵列采用384×288,像素为12 μm,读出电路采用逐行积分、逐列输出模式,封装方式采用高可靠性的金属真空封装。测试结果表明,探测器的NETD不大于15 mK,响应率大于44 mV/K。其性能指标可以满足民用、军用等领域的应用需求。     

单片式128×1氧化钒微测辐射热计非致冷焦平面的研制

采用氧化钒薄膜、低应力介质膜和CMOS读出电路技术,研制了单片式128×1非致冷焦平面.氧化钒薄膜的制备采用了一种新的方法,焦平面的信号读出采用了CTIA积分方式.应用一种双频PECVD技术制备了低应力氮化硅薄膜,有效改善了微桥的平整度.通过氮化硅和氧化钒薄膜自身的红外吸收,焦平面在8～14μm波段的平均响应率达到8.2×104V/W,平均D*达到2.3×108cmHz1/2/w.焦平面的均匀性需要进一步改善.     

基于VO_x薄膜8元线列非致冷微测辐射热红外探测器的制备

报道了应用反应离子束溅射以及后退火工艺在石英玻璃以及Si(10 0)衬底上淀积混合相 VOx 多晶薄膜,并且在石英衬底上制备了实验用 8元线列红外探测器。用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分别测试结果显示薄膜为表面光滑、致密且具有针状晶粒的混合相多晶结构,探测器的性能测试结果显示该探测器可以实现 8～ 12μm的非致冷室温红外探测     

非制冷红外探测器用高TCR氧化钒薄膜制备研究

主要介绍了红外探测器的分类、发展,及基于氧化钒薄膜的热探测器的优势;采用直流对靶磁控溅射法制备氧化钒薄膜,通过设计正交实验,获得了氧化钒薄膜的最佳制备参数,分析了各个制备参数对氧化钒薄膜成分以及TCR的影响,研究了硅衬底上氧化钒薄膜电阻温度系数与电阻之间的关系.     

基于VO_2薄膜非致冷红外探测器性能研究

用微电子工艺制备了 V O2 溅射薄膜红外探测器 ,在 2 96 K的环境温度中测试了该探测器对 8- 12 μm红外辐射的黑体响应率和噪声电压 ,结果显示该探测器在调制频率为 30 Hz时可以实现探测率 D*=1.89× 10 8cm H z1 /2W- 1 ,热时间常数 τ=0 .0 11s的非致冷红外探测     

带耦合光栅的量子阱红外探测器研制

报导了带二维衍射光栅的 12 8元线列GaAs/AlGaAs多量子阱长波红外焦平面探测器的研究成果。探测器光吸收峰值波长λP=8.9μm ,采用垂直入射光耦合的工作模式 ,在 80K工作温度下其平均黑体电压响应率为 2 .75× 10 4 V/W ,平均黑体探测率为 2 .5 2× 10 9cmHz1/ 2 /W ;电压响应率和探测率的非均匀性分别 5 .2 %和 8.3%。 12 8元线列探测器与 6 4元CMOS读出电路对接后与光学系统、扫描系统、数据采集系统和图像显示系统等组成红外成像演示系统 ,实验室获得了清晰的人体手部热像和余热图像     

高TCR氧化钒薄膜研究进展

氧化钒薄膜的高电阻温度系数(TCR)是制作高灵敏度非制冷红外探测器的一个极其重要的参量.探测器的响应率与TCR紧密相关.高TCR将提升红外探测器的探测性能.鉴于氧化钒薄膜TCR的重要性,综述了近几年国内外研究中制备高TCR氧化钒薄膜的新技术并分类归纳:包括离子束增强沉积(IBED)法,反应脉冲激光沉积技术等.由于氧化钒薄膜具有VO2、VO5等多种价态结构,不同的制备条件和方法所生成的氧化钒薄膜TCR大小也不同,因此,分析了相关技术方法的优缺点,并对高TCR进行了一定的理论解释.     

AlGaN/PZT探测器的研制及其性能

本文报道了一种新型紫外红外应用的探测器的设计、制备及其性能。探测器由蓝宝石衬底上生长的p-GaN/i-GaN/n-Al0.3Ga0.7N/SiO2/LaNiO3/PZT/Pt多层结构组成。分别测量了紫外和红外的性能。紫外部分,光谱响应范围在302-363nm波段;在波长355nm,探测器零偏响应率为0.064A/W;I-V测量表明零偏暗电流为-1.57×10-12A;该探测器的探测率为1.81×1011cmHz1/2W-1。红外部分,在波长4μm处,探测器响应率为1.58×105cmHz1/2W-1。     

氧化钒薄膜光伏效应机理分析

氧化钒薄膜是非致冷红外焦平面探测器的重要组成部分,光电特性一直是国内外的研究热点.用反应磁控溅射方法在K9玻璃衬底上制备了氧化钒薄膜,并在特定条件下对其进行了退火处理.结果发现,在300℃下退火180 s的氧化钒薄膜在可见光照射情况下呈现出了光伏效应,这说明光生载流子在氧化钒薄膜表层形成后得到了有效分离.该光伏特性为氧...     

1-2 micron (Hg, Cd)Te photodetectors

The performance of mercury cadmium telluride detectors in the 1-2 micron spectral region has been predicted from basic material parameters. Photovoltaic devices should be characterized by specific responsivities of 1 A/W for a 1000 ohm load when transit time limited to less than 20 ns. Photoconductive detectors made from n-type material should have radiative lifetimes of 1 ms. The feasibility of high performance 1-2 micron (Hg, Cd)Te detectors has been demonstrated experimentally. Deep junction devices operating at room temperature without bias have been fabricated by impurity indiffusion. Detectivities at 1.75 microns approached 10¹⁰cm.Hz^1/2/W with open-circuit responsivities of approximately 500 V/W. In addition, 1.5 micron detectors have been fabricated from p-type, 25 Ω.cm material. With no bias at room temperature, these detectors showed D* λ>10¹⁰cm.Hz/12/W, open-circuit responsivities in excess of 10³V/W, and response times on the order of microseconds. These preliminary results indicate that detectors fabricated from the pseudobinary alloy of (Hg, Cd)Te are well suited for high speed, near infrared photodetection in which room temperature operation is required.     

分子束外延PbTe薄膜中的红外光电导探测器

中红外探测器在诸多领域具有重要的应用,目前,我国在PbTe、PbSe中红外探测器方面研制较少,通过分子束外延技术、以CdZnTe(lll)为衬底生长PbTe外延薄膜,XRD表征表明:PbTe外延薄膜是单晶薄膜,且与衬底具有相同(lll)取向,光吸收光谱测量得到外延薄膜的光学吸收边位于3.875 μm,光致发光谱显示发光波长位于3.66 μm,蓝移是红外激光泵浦导致PbTe温升所致.以PbTe为有源区材料、ZnS薄膜作为钝化和绝缘材料,用AuPtTi合金作为欧姆接触电极,研制了PbTe光电导中红外探测器原型器件,探测器在78 K温度下的光电导响应在红外波段的1.5～5.5μm,探测率约为2×10~9 cm·Hz~(1/2)·W~(-1).最后,对影响探测器工作的因素和改进方法进行了讨论.     

High Tc superconducting linear array ir detectors using YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin films

8-element linear array IR detectors based on high Tc superconducting films have been fabricated. The thin films were deposited by magnetron sputtering onZrO ₂ substrates and patterned by standard photolithographic technique forming microbridge structure. An average detectivity of 1.85 × 10⁹ cmHz ^1/2 W^?1 with a variance of less than 20% in the detector-to-detector detectivity of the array has been obtained at the operating temperature of 84K. A bolometric response mechanism has been discussed.     

高性能高温超导红外探测器

选用高温超导体ＹＢＣＯ薄膜，利用集成微加工工艺，制成高温超导红外探测器。测得器件的等效噪声功率ＮＥＰ达到１０－１２Ｗ／Ｈｚ１／２，探测率Ｄ为１０９ｃｍＨｚ１／２／Ｗ，其中最好的器件性能为Ｄ＝１．８×１０１０ｃｍＨｚ１／２／Ｗ，表明这类探测器已进入实用阶段，成为红外探测技术发展的新方向之一。     

Hg1-xCdxTe metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM)photodetectors

Metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) detectors with active layers of Hg _1-xCd_xTe (x=0.62-0.74) and electrode spacings of 2, 4, and 6 μm have been fabricated and characterized. Direct-current measurements have shown a low dark current and high responsivity from 0.15 to 1.5 A/W at 10-V bias. The lowest values of dark current (0.16 mA cm²) were obtained for detectors which incorporated an overlayer of CdTe. For detectors without the overlayer, increasing the Cd mole fraction resulted in a decrease in the dark current and a reduction in the 300-nm responsivity. Measurements of frequency response for these detectors show a maximum loss of 8 dB to 20 GHz. These results compare favorably with high-performance MSM detectors based on In_0.53Ga_0.47As with a lattice-matched barrier layer of In_0.52Al_0.48As     

Uncooled InAs-GaSb type-II infrared detectors grown on GaAssubstrates for the 8-12-μm atmospheric window

We report on the growth and characterization of type-II infrared detectors with an InAs-GaSb superlattice active layer for the 8-12-μm atmospheric window at 300 K. The material was grown by molecular beam epitaxy on semi-insulating GaAs substrates. Photoconductive detectors fabricated from the superlattices showed 80% cutoff at about 12 μm at room temperature. The responsivity of the device is about 2 mA/W with a 1-V bias (E=5 V/cm) and the maximum measured detectivity of the device is 1.3×10⁸ cm.Hz^1/2/W at 11 μm at room temperature. The detector shows very weak temperature sensitivity. Also, the extracted effective carrier lifetime, τ=26 ns, is an order of magnitude longer than the carrier lifetime in HgCdTe with similar bandgap and carrier concentration     

High performance SWIR HgCdTe detector arrays

Short wave infrared (SWIR) devices have been fabricated using Rockwell’s double layer planar heterostructure (DLPH) architecture with arsenic-ion implanted junctions. Molecular beam epitaxially grown HgCdTe/CdZnTe multilayer structures allowed the thin, tailored device geometries (typical active layer thickness was ∼3.5 μm and cap layer thickness was ∼0.4 μm) to be grown. A planar-mesa geometry that preserved the passivation advantages of the DLPH structure with enhanced optical collection improved the performance. Test detectors showed Band 7 detectors performing near the radiative limit (∼3-5X below theory). Band 5 detector performance was ∼4-50X lower than radiative limited performance, apparently due to Shockley-Hall-Read recombination. We have fabricated SWIR HgCdTe 256 × 12 × 2 arrays of 45 um × 45 μm detector on 45 μm × 60 μm centers and with cutoff wavelength which allows coverage of the Landsat Band 5 (1.5−1.75 μm) and Landsat Band 7 (2.08−2.35 μm) spectral regions. The hybridizable arrays have four subarrays, each having a different detector architecture. One of the Band 7 hybrids has demonstrated performance approaching the radiative theoretical limit for temperatures from 250 to 295K, consistent with test results. D* performance at 250K of the best subarray was high, with an operability of ∼99% at 10¹² cm Hz^1/2/W at a few mV bias. We have observed 1/f noise below 8E-17 AHz ^1/2 at 1 Hz. Also for Band 7 test structures, Ge thin film diffractive microlenses fabricated directly on the back side of the CdZnTe substrate showed the ability to increase the effective collection area of small (nominally <20 μm μm) planar-mesa diodes to the microlens size of 48 urn. Using microlenses allows array performance to exceed 1-D theory up to a factor of 5.     

锰钴镍氧薄膜热敏型多元红外探测器研制

通过光刻和湿化学腐蚀工艺,成功制作出规格为2×8的多元锰钴镍氧薄膜红外探测器件.测试表明,室温下锰钴镍氧薄膜材料负电阻温度系数达-3.8%K-1.10 Hz调制频率和±15 V电压偏置条件下,线列器件典型探测元黑体响应率为107 V/W,探测率为2×107cmHz1/2/W,8元器件响应不均匀度为5.9%.实验结果表明锰钴镍氧薄膜焦平面器件制备的可行性,有可能作为新型室温全波段探测器件得到应用.     

Micromachined Uncooled IR Bolometer Linear Array Using VO2 Thin Films

Mixed vanadium oxide thin films, as VO₂ for the main composition are materials for uncooled microbolometer due to their high temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) at room temperature. This paper describes the design and fabrication of 8-element linear array IR uncooled microbolometers using the films and micromachining technology. The characteristics of the array is investigated in the spectral region of 8–12 μm. The fabricated detectors exhibit responsivity of up to 10 KV/W, typical detectivity of 1.89×10⁸ cmHz^1/2/W, and thermal time constant of 11 ms, at 296 K and at a frequency of 30 Hz. Furthermore, The uncorrected response uniformity of the linear array bolometers is less than 20%.     

室温InAsSb长波红外探测器的研制

用熔体外延法(ME)生长出厚度达到100μm的InAsSb外延层,截止波长进入8～12μm波段。测量结果表明,InAsSb材料具有良好的单晶取向和结晶质量,位错密度达到104cm-2量级。室温下,霍尔测量得到的载流子浓度为1～3×1016cm-3,电子迁移率大于5×104cm2/Vs。用此材料制得了2～9μm波段的高灵敏度In-AsSb室温红外探测器。该探测器为浸没型光导元件,安装了镀有SiO或ZnS增透膜的单晶Si光学透镜。在黑体温度为500K、黑体调制频率为800 Hz和外加偏置电流为10 mA的测试条件下,测得293K下该探测器的最高黑体响应度达到168V/W,黑体探测率为2～6×108cm·Hz1/2·W-1,峰值探测率大于1×109cm·Hz1/2·W-1。