3-D modeling of remote dynamic situations employing mobile stereocameras

We propose a technique for 3-D modeling of objects in remote dynamic situations employing mobile stereocameras. Since the proposed technique allows independent movement of the cameras employed, 3-D modeling under various environments, such as remote places, can be realized. Our technique has an advantage over others in that camera calibration is not prerequisite to the 3-D modeling before taking images. A 3-D modeling system is described that captures images of remote objects, transfers the images by analog airwaves, and recovers the 3-D shape of the object from the images. It is expected that this technique will improve the efficiency of image information transfer. In the experiment performed, a human walking in a remote place was modeled successfully in 3-D in a laboratory by image transfer. This work was presented in part at the 11th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 23–25, 2006     

常用GIS软件三维功能分析

对三维GIS功能体系进行总结,介绍目前国内外最常用的四种GIS基础软件的三维功能.同时对每种软件不同版本的三维功能进行了比较.最后对当前GIS基础软件三维功能的发展、应用现状、异同点以及存在的问题进行了分析.     

3-D model building for computer vision

This paper presents a Computer-Aided Geometric Design (CAGD) based approach for building 3-D models. A new method is given which allows the points on the surface of the designed object to be sampled at the desired resolution. The resulting data structure includes 3-D coordinates of the points, surface normals and neighborhood information.     

基于WEB的城市三维建模与可视化方法探讨

基于WEB的城市三维建模与可视化包括三个部分：城市三维数据，模型的构造及显示程序，与用户的交互。本文探讨了现有的建模方法及基于不同网络模型下的数字城市三维可视化的途径。通过研究提出了采用传统建模和基于图像的三维建模相结合的方法来构造数字城市的立体模型，以及将VRML与JAVA相结合实现用户虚拟城市动态漫游的技术。     

OpenGL环境下利用MATLAB函数实现三维地形建模

高速铁路运行工况三维可视化研究是高速铁路建设的一个重要课题,而建立真实反映地形地貌的三维实体模型是此课题研究的基础。论文从实际工程背景出发,提出了地形建模的“顶点后处理法”,即通过MATLAB语言与C/C++语言的接口,利用MATLAB强大的数据处理功能,对地形表面数据点进行特定处理以后,再用OpenGL函数命令,建立三维地形模型。通过实例分析证明,此方法简单、方便、有效。     

New 3-D display that can display 3-D images at long distances and that can control their 3-D positions using changing size as a cue to depth perception

This paper presents a new three-dimensional (3-D) display that can display 3-D images at long distances of tens or hundreds of meters in the depth direction and that can control their 3-D positions to meet new requirements for outdoor use. The proposed display uses changing size as a cue to depth perception, i.e., the smoothly expanding motion of virtual images formed with optical systems according to the forward movements of the users to display 3-D images at more distant positions in the depth direction than positions where virtual images are formed with optical systems because conventional 3-D displays that use binocular disparity are only able to display 3-D images at short distances in the depth direction. The feasibility of the proposed display was evaluated by subjective tests using a moving minivan in which observers viewed a test pattern that overlapped the real view ahead of the automobile observed through the windshield. The results obtained from the subjective tests revealed that the test pattern was observed at long distances over tens and hundreds of meters in the depth direction and that the position in the depth direction of the test pattern could be controlled by changing the rate at which the motion of the test pattern smoothly expanded. These results demonstrated that the proposed display was feasible.     

A framework for rapid evaluation of heterogeneous 3-D NoC architectures

The scalability of communication infrastructure in modern Integrated Circuits (ICs) becomes a challenging issue, which might be a significant bottleneck if not carefully addressed. Towards this direction, the usage of Networks-on-Chip (NoC) is a preferred solution. In this work, we propose a software-supported framework for quantifying the efficiency of heterogeneous 3-D NoC architectures. In contrast to existing approaches for NoC design, the introduced heterogeneous architecture consists of a mixture of 2-D and 3-D routers, which reduces the delay and power consumption with a slight impact on packet hops. More specifically, the experimental results with a number of DSP applications show the effectiveness of the introduced methodology, as we achieve on average 25% higher maximum operation frequency and 39% lower power consumption compared to the uniform 3-D NoCs.     

三维地质体类三棱柱网格建模方法研究

针对三维薄层地层结构的形状特点,提出了一种利用类三棱柱网格构造三维地质模型的方法。该方法利用三角网格参数化在地层面三角网的基础上重建类三棱柱网格模型,避免了现有类三棱柱建模方法中切割三棱柱的复杂计算。同时给出了一种在类三棱柱网格模型中通过插入井分层点的小层三角网格来生成多层类三棱柱网格的模型细化方法,最后通过建模实例对方法进行了验证。     

实时交互式三维脸部表情动画研究及其实现

根据人脸的生理结构特点,使用分块造型技术进行脸部建模,提出了一个基于"脸型特征"和"五官特征"的参数化肌肉模型,通过模型上控制顶点的属性值来控制脸部形成不同的表情,并利用MAYA MEL语言实现了一个实时交互操作界面.这使得对脸部表情的研究更加方便、灵活,建模及其动画化也更加逼真、实用.     

Algorithms for automatic conversion of a 3-view drawing of a plane-faced part to the 3-D representation

The past decade has seen an increase in the capability of the computer to do cognitive tasks such as understanding natural language or interpreting pictures. The programs doing such processing have much in common with theorem-proving programs, operating system optimizing algorithms and methods of problem solving in formal grammars.The present tutorial describes an approach to interpreting a ‘3-view’ drawing for the construction of its ‘3-D’ representation.     

车辆-轨道耦合系统中基于变参数的三维图形仿真研究

建立一个随参数改变而改变的三维可视模型。是机车车辆-轨道耦合系统动力学可视化的一个急待解决的重要问题，文中将可视化，三维建模技术引入机车车辆-轨道耦合动力学仿真中，系统地研究了机车车辆轨道耦合系统的基于变参数的三维图形仿真的方法，综合建立了车辆模型的动态装配三维图形系统，直、曲线轨道的三维离散结构等，为机车车辆-轨道耦合动力学仿真建立了一个有效的可视化综合仿真平台。     

A Spatial Access-Oriented Implementation of a 3-D GIS Topological Data Model for Urban Entities

3-D analysis in GIS is still one of the most challenging topics for research. With the goal being to model possible movement within the built environment, this paper, therefore, proposes a new approach to handling connectivity relationships among 3-D objects in urban environments in order to implement spatial access analyses in 3-D space. To achieve this goal, this paper introduces a 3-D network data model called the geometric network model (GNM), which has been developed by transforming the combinatorial data model (CDM), representing a connectivity relationship among 3-D objects using a dual graph. For the transformation, this paper presents (1) an O(n ²) algorithm for computing a straight medial axis transformation (MAT), (2) the processes for transforming phenomena from 3-D CDM to 3-D GNM, and (3) spatial access algorithms for the 3-D geometric network based upon the Dijkstra algorithm. Using the reconstructed geometric network generated from the transformations, spatial queries based upon the complex connectivity relationships between 3-D urban entities are implemented using Dijkstra algorithm. Finally, the paper presents the results of an experimental implementation of a 3-D network data model (GNM) using GIS data of an area in downtown Columbus, Ohio.     

Autonomous navigation and environment modeling for MAVs in 3-D enclosed industrial environments

In many applications, the industrial environments are typically 3-D indoor spaces enclosed by shell style structures, which are highly complex with known or unknown non-convex obstacles. GPS signal is unreliable or even unavailable inside, which poses significant technical challenges for the state estimation of micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) performing exploration and modeling tasks in such environments. In this paper, requirements and challenges for 3-D enclosed industrial environments exploration are analyzed firstly, and then state-of-art developments of MAV systems, environment modeling, visual navigation and guidance technologies are reviewed. A robust RGB-D odometry is introduced into the system to provide airborne 6-DOF state estimates of the MAV, which are fused with inertial measurements. Then the fused state information is used to assist the RGB-D based real time 3-D environment modeling. An improved closed-loop RRT based path planning approach (BI-RRT) is developed for information-efficient environment explorations. A flight experimental platform is constructed and the proposed system is validated in flight experiments.     

一个基于结构化特征匹配的月面三维重建方法

基于图像建立三维月面地图对于月球车任务规划、导航控制具有重要意义。本文提出一种基于参数化轮廓结构特征匹配的月面三维重建方法，该方法从月面立体图像中提取特 征物的轮廓特征，通过参数化轮廓特征匹配恢复特征物的三维信息，从而建立三维月面地图。本文以Apollo 15登月计划的着陆区域为例，建立了一个三维月面地图。     

基于平面图像实现三维仿真场景的技术方法研究

利用Windows操作系统平台正的DirectX多媒体接口技术,本文提出了利用平面图像实现三维仿真场景的相关实用技术方法。     

Psychological effect of stereoscopic 3-D images with fragrances

Stereoscopic 3-D images are used with a lot of virtual reality systems because of their sense or reality. At the same time, in the training that heightens levels of self control of autonomic responses with images, it is thought that reality of software is important. Therefore, the authors investigated use of 3-D images as a technical tool to heighten the reality of software. In this study, a laboratory was transformed into a relaxation room using 3-D images with fragrances and an experiment was carried out lo examine the psychological effect of it. From the results of this study, the authors reported on the effects of fragrances on psychological responses when viewing 3-D images and the possibilities of producing these effects for relaxation.     

Development and evaluation of GIS-based ArcPRZM-3 system for spatial modeling of groundwater vulnerability to pesticide contamination

The objectives of this study were to develop and evaluate a GIS-based modeling system called ArcPRZM-3 for spatial modeling of pesticide leaching potential from soil surface towards groundwater. The ArcPRZM-3 was developed by coupling a commonly used FORTRAN-based Pesticide Root Zone Model version 3 (PRZM-3) with user-friendly input and output interfaces through links to GIS using customized programming. A Visual PRZM-3 interface simplifies the entry of model inputs and links to the databases of crops, soils, and pesticides. The ArcPRZM-3 produces user-friendly outputs from the PRZM-3 batch simulations in the form of tables, charts, and maps. The Visual PRZM-3 can be used to run a single simulation for site-specific studies or simultaneous multiple simulations for spatial distributed modeling. The ArcPRZM-3 was applied to simulate maximum dissolved bentazon concentration at 0.75 m soil depth for a period of 2 years. These simulation results were used to develop a health risk map for Woodruff County, Arkansas, based on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Lifetime Health Advisory Level (USEPA-LHA) of bentazon in drinking water. The ArcPRZM-3 was evaluated by comparing the bentazon detection data from monitoring wells from the same area with the predicted bentazon health risk map. The results showed that 100% of the wells where bentazon was detected were within the high risk category based on the ArcPRZM-3 predictions. However, uncertainty in the ArcPRZM-3 model and the timing of groundwater well monitoring could both complicate the interpretations of the ArcPRZM-3 simulation results.     

3-D Locomotion control for a biomimetic robot fish

This paper concerns with 3-D locomotion control methods for a biomimetic robot fish. The system architecture of the fish is firstly presented based on a physical model of carangiform fish. The robot fish has a flexible body, a rigid caudal fin and a pair of pectoral tins, driven by several servomotors. The motion control of the robot fish are then divided into speed control, orientation control, submerge control and transient motion control, corresponding algorithms are detailed respectively. Finally, experiments and analyses on a 4-link, radio-controlled robot fish prototype with 3-D locomotion show its good performance.     

Artificial 3-D contactless measurement in orthognathic surgery with binocular stereo vision

Stereo vision systems are utilized since it provides contactless measurements of objects in 3-D (three-dimensional). Orthognathic surgery is a very sensitive operation that requires very high accuracy in measurements. The reduction of measurement error is an essential problem in orthognathic surgery. Moreover, quality inspection of the process during the course of operation aids the surgeon to avoid or minimize the mitigating circumstances. In this paper, artificial intelligence methods (neural network and neuro-fuzzy system) are used in order to increase the accuracy of positioning of jaws during the real-time practice. The comparison of artificial measurements with the real measurements shows that a statistically acceptable accuracy is achieved in 3-D positioning of teeth.