多中心半开放式送取需求可拆分的车辆路径优化

针对多中心半开放式送取需求可拆分的车辆路径问题,构建了以车辆配送距离最短为目标的多中心半开放式送取需求可拆分的数学模型。设计大变异邻域遗传算法进行求解,采用二维染色体编码及顺序交叉策略,同时运用大变异策略和邻域搜索策略提高算法全局和局部的寻优能力,通过算例对比验证了所提模型与算法的有效性。算例实验表明,大变异邻域遗传算法在求解多中心物流配送车辆路径问题上求解质量较优、求解效率较高、求解结果较为稳定,同时验证了联合配送下多中心半开放式送取需求可拆分的配送模式优于独立配送下单中心送取需求可拆分的配送模式。研究成果不仅拓展了车辆路径问题,还可为相关快递物流企业配送优化提供决策参考。     

基于启发式带时间窗的车辆路径规划问题求解

车辆路径规划问题广泛地存在于现代物流行业中,该问题属于NP难的组合优化问题.随着客户需求的多样化、道路限行等因素的影响,该问题变得更加的复杂,采用传统的组合优化方法和运筹学方法往往难以求解.本文对一类常见的带时间窗的车辆路径规划问题进行了研究,根据时间窗参数来调整客户的优先级,以减少车辆的等待时间,由此改进了几个常见的启发式算法,并对56个常见的车辆路径规划问题进行了测试,实验结果表明,改进的节约算法在带容量约束的车辆路径问题中效果较好,改进的插入法则在带时间窗的车辆路径问题中具有优越性,另外,改进的启发式算法在4个测试用例上使用更多车辆时可使总路程优于已知最优值.     

需求可拆分车辆路径问题的聚类求解算法

针对传统的车辆路径问题通常假设客户的需求不能拆分,即客户的需求由一辆车满足,而实际上通过需求的拆分可使需要的车辆数更少,从而降低配送成本的问题,分析了需求可拆分的车辆路径问题的解的特征,证明了客户需求不宜拆分应满足的条件,设计了符合解的特征的聚类算法,并对其求解.通过实验仿真,将所提出的聚类算法与蚁群算法和禁忌搜索算法进行比较,所得结果表明了所提出的算法可以更有效地求得需求可拆分车辆路径问题的优化解,是解决需求可拆分车辆路径问题的有效方法.     

基于启发式蚁群算法的VRP问题研究

针对蚁群算法求解VRP问题时收敛速度慢,求解质量不高的缺点,把城市和仓库间的距离矩阵和路径节约矩阵信息融入到初始信息素矩阵中作为启发式信息引入到蚁群算法中用于求解有容量限制的车辆路径规划问题（CVRP）,在三个基准数据集上的实验研究表明,基于启发式信息的蚁群算法与基本蚁群算法相比能够以较快的速度收敛到较好的解。     

The single vehicle routing problem with deliveries and selective pickups

The single vehicle routing problem with deliveries and selective pickups (SVRPDSP) is defined on a graph in which pickup and delivery demands are associated with customer vertices. The difference between this problem and the single vehicle routing problem with pickups and deliveries (SVRPPD) lies in the fact that it is no longer necessary to satisfy all pickup demands. In the SVRPDSP a pickup revenue is associated with each vertex, and the pickup demand at that vertex will be collected only if it is profitable to do so. The net cost of a route is equal to the sum of routing costs, minus the total collected revenue. The aim is to design a vehicle route of minimum net cost, visiting each customer, performing all deliveries, and a subset of the pickups. A mixed integer linear programming formulation is proposed for the SVRPDSP. Classical construction and improvement heuristics, as well as a tabu search heuristic (TS), are developed and tested on a number of instances derived from VRPLIB. Computational results show that the solutions produced by the proposed heuristics are near-optimal. There is also some evidence that the best solutions identified by the heuristics are frequently non-Hamiltonian and may contain one or two customers visited twice.     

Testing local search move operators on the vehicle routing problem with split deliveries and time windows

The vehicle routing problem (VRP) is an important transportation problem. The literature addresses several extensions of this problem, including variants having delivery time windows associated with customers and variants allowing split deliveries to customers. The problem extension including both of these variations has received less attention in the literature. This research effort sheds further light on this problem. Specifically, this paper analyzes the effects of combinations of local search (LS) move operators commonly used on the VRP and its variants. We find when paired with a MAX-MIN Ant System constructive heuristic, Or-opt or 2-opt⁎ appear to be the ideal LS operators to employ on the VRP with split deliveries and time windows with Or-opt finding higher quality solutions and 2-opt⁎ requiring less run time.     

The capacitated vehicle routing problem with stochastic demands and time windows

The capacitated vehicle routing problem with stochastic demands and time windows is an extension of the capacitated vehicle routing problem with stochastic demands, in which demands are stochastic and a time window is imposed on each vertex. A vertex failure occurring when the realized demand exceeds the vehicle capacity may trigger a chain reaction of failures on the remaining vertices in the same route, as a result of time windows. This paper models this problem as a stochastic program with recourse, and proposes an adaptive large neighborhood search heuristic for its solution. Modified Solomon benchmark instances are used in the experiments. Computational results clearly show the superiority of the proposed heuristic over an alternative solution approach.     

基于划分的蚁群算法求解货物权重车辆路径问题

考虑单产品分销网络中的车辆路径问题(VRP:vehicle routing problem).与以往诸多研究不同的是,建立了一种带货物载重量的VRP模型(weighted VRP),即车辆在两个顾客之间行驶时的载重量也作为影响运输费用的一个因素考虑.因此,需求量较大的顾客拥有较高的车辆运输优先权.在分析了问题性质的基础上,提出一种基于划分策略的蚁群算法PMMAS求解货物权重车辆路径问题,并与其他常用的启发式算法进行比较分析,表明了算法的有效性.     

Heuristics for tactical time slot management: a periodic vehicle routing problem view

In this study, we consider a tactical problem where a time slot schedule for delivery service over a given planning horizon must be selected in each zone of a geographical area. A heuristic search evaluates each schedule selection by constructing a corresponding tactical routing plan of minimum cost based on demand and service time estimates. At the end, the schedule selection leading to the best tactical routing plan is selected. The latter can then be used as a blueprint when addressing the operational problem (i.e., when real customer orders are received and operational routes are constructed). We propose two heuristics to address the tactical problem. The first heuristic is a three‐phase approach: a periodic vehicle routing problem (PVRP) is first solved, followed by a repair phase and a final improvement phase where a vehicle routing problem (VRP) with time windows is solved for each period of the planning horizon. The second heuristic tackles the problem as a whole by directly solving a PVRP with time windows. Computational results compare the two heuristics under various settings, based on instances derived from benchmark instances for the VRP with time windows.     

车辆路径问题的改进混合粒子群算法研究

针对各种启发式算法在求车辆路径问题(VRP)中的缺陷,提出了改进的混合粒子群算法(MHPSO)的求解方法.分析了基于速度-位置更新策略传统粒子群算法在解决离散的和组合优化问题的不足.考虑到算法在求解过程中种群多样性的损失过快,引进了种群的多样性测度参数-平均粒距,以保持种群的多样性.同时利用混沌运功的随机性、遍历性和规律性等特性,采用混沌初始化粒子编码.详细讨论了该算法在车辆路径问题中的求解策略.针对同一个实例,将改进的混合粒子群算法与遗传算法从多个角度进行比较.仿真结果表明,论文所提出的算法性能较好,可以快速、有效求得车辆路径问题的优化解或近似优化解.     

Vehicle routing problems with split deliveries

This paper is a survey on the vehicle routing problems with split deliveries, a class of routing problems where each customer may be served by more than one vehicle. Starting from the most classical routing problems, we introduce the split delivery vehicle routing problem (SDVRP). We review a formulation, the main properties and exact and heuristic solution approaches for the SDVRP. Then, we present a general overview of several variants of the SDVRP and of the literature available.     

B2C环境下带预约时间的车辆路径问题及多目标优化蚁群算法

根据B2C(商家对客户)电子商务环境下物流配送的特点建奇=了带预约时间的车辆路径问题(VRP)数学模型,设计了求解多目标优化的蚁群算法,各个目标具有相同的重要性.在蚁群的状态转移概率中引入预约时间窗宽度及车辆等待时间因素,记录优化过程中产生的Pareto最优解,用Pareto最优解集来指导蚁群的信息素更新策略.采用改造...     

车辆路径问题（VRP）算法研究

车辆路径问题（VRP）是图论中的NP问题,目前求解这类问题的算法可分为：精确算法、经典启发式算法和现代启发式算法三类;对这三类算法中最具代表性的几种算法进行了分析指出了其适用范围和场合、存在的问题以及改进的方案;最后,对其研究前景进行了展望。     

A CONSTRAINT PROGRAMMING HEURISTIC FOR A HETEROGENEOUS VEHICLE ROUTING PROBLEM WITH SPLIT DELIVERIES

This article considers fresh goods distribution of a retail chain store in Turkey. The problem is formulated as a vehicle routing problem with a heterogeneous fleet for which no exact algorithm has ever been designed to solve it. A fast and effective algorithm based on constraint programming is proposed for the solution. The procedure is tested on some of the benchmark problems in literature. The real-life case is first solved assuming that delivery of a customer cannot be split between vehicles. Then it is resolved considering split deliveries. Solutions of both strategies are compared with the current performance of the firm to determine a distribution strategy. Results indicate considerable improvement in the performance of the firm.     

车辆路径问题(VRP)算法研究

车辆路径问题(VRP)是图论中的NP问题,目前求解这类问题的算法可分为:精确算法、经典启发式算法和现代启发式算法三类;对这三类算法中最具代表性的几种算法进行了分析指出了其适用范围和场合、存在的问题以及改进的方案;最后,对其研究前景进行了展望。     

求解车辆路径问题的人工蜂群算法

采用人工蜂群算法对车辆路径问题进行求解,给出食物源的自然数编码方法,并采用邻域倒位方法生成候选食物源。应用算法求解了多个车辆路径问题的实例,并将结果与其它一些启发式算法进行了比较和分析。计算结果表明,人工蜂群算法可以有效求解车辆路径问题,同时也为算法求解其它一些组合优化问题提供了有益思路。     

基于残差图卷积网络与深度强化学习的 需求可拆分车辆路径优化算法

需求可拆分车辆路径问题(SDVRP)出现在广泛的物流配送场景中, 具有重要的研究价值. 高效的SDVRP优化算法能够提高车辆装载率, 降低物流配送成本. 为提高SDVRP的求解效率, 本文提出基于残差图卷积神经网络(RGCN)和多头注意力的深度强化学习算法(REINFORCE), 逐步构建可行解序列. 首先, 从强化学习的角度出发, 文章对SDVRP建立马尔科夫决策模型, 定义序列预测过程的环境状态、智能体动作空间、状态转移函数等. 其次, 建立编–解码模型求解节点选择策略, 其中使用残差图卷积神经网络的编码器重构配送中心和客户节点的特征, 将配送网络中节点间的连接关系与节点特征相互关联, 获得差异性显著的特征嵌入向量; 利用注意力网络解码器在重构后的嵌入向量基础上融合动态变化的车辆剩余装载量和客户需求等信息执行解码任务, 实现每次迭代为单个案例提供多个可行解. 最后, 提出基于平均基准值的REINFORCE算法更新模型参数, 通过求解不同问题规模测试集、标准SDVRP数据集, 以及京东物流实际配送任务, 验证了所提算法的有效性.     

基于K均值聚类和LK算法的应急物资调度

突发性事件中应急物资调度方案最优化问题是典型的车辆路径规划（VRP）问题。对于大规模的VRP问题求解,经典的启发式算法易陷入局部最优,难以得到高质量的调度方案。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于K均值聚类和LK算法的调度方法。该方法采用K均值聚类方法将需求节点分成n个子集合,对聚类结果进行修正后分配给n辆运输车辆,采用LK算法对每辆运输车辆的运输路径进行优化。仿真实验结果表明,方法获得了较好的调度方案,而且单个运输车辆服务的需求节点个数越多,方法的优势越明显。     

带时间窗的同时集散货物路线问题研究

研究了业务繁忙环境下带时间窗的同时集散货物路线问题．以车辆数、运输距离和完成运输任务的总 时间最小为目标建立了多目标模型,提出用基于路线集合划分的分解迭代算法求解该问题．该算法首先用两种策略 将问题的解分解为几个子集合,用记录更新法分别求解每个子集合,将子集合求得的最好路线反馈回来形成新的当 前解,再分解迭代,逐渐改善解的质量．最后数据实验表明该算法能有效解决带时间窗的单向车辆路线问题和集散 一体化的双向车辆路线问题．     

Exact algorithms for the double vehicle routing problem with multiple stacks

The Double Traveling Salesman Problem with Multiple Stacks (DTSPMS) is a one-to-one pickup-and-delivery single-vehicle routing problem with backhaul deliveries. The vehicle carries a container divided into stacks of fixed height, each following a Last-In-First-Out policy, and the aim is to perform pickups and deliveries by minimizing the total routing cost and ensuring a feasible loading/unloading of the vehicle.A realistic generalization of the DTSPMS arises when a single vehicle is not enough to collect all products, and therefore multiple, and possibly heterogeneous vehicles are needed to perform the transportation operations. This paper introduces and formulates this generalization, that we refer as the Double Vehicle Routing Problem with Multiple Stacks. It proposes three models, the first one based on a three-index formulation and solved by a branch-and-cut algorithm, and the other two based on two set partitioning formulations using different families of columns and solved by a branch-and-price and a branch-and-price-and-cut algorithm, respectively.The performance of these algorithms has been studied on a wide family of benchmark test instances, observing that, although the branch-and-cut algorithm shows a better performance on instances with a small number of vehicles, the performance of the branch-and-price and the branch-and-price-and-cut algorithms improves as the number of vehicles grows. Additionally, the first set partitioning formulation yields tighter lower bounds, but the second formulation, because of its simplicity, provides better convergence properties, solving instances with up to fifty vertices to proven optimality.