基于.net的食品质量安全追溯技术的研究与实现

食品质量安全是公共健康面临的主要威胁之一,国际社会对它的关注程度正逐步加强。通过分析食品质量安全追溯信息的组成,给出了食品质量安全追溯系统的框架结构、追溯码的设计方法和条形码标签的打印方法,并以农产品的质量安全追溯为例,设计了具有C/S与B/S混合结构的农产品质量安全追溯系统,并在.NET平台上开发实现了该系统。     

自动获取软件操作信息的通信组件设计

为捕获软件操作界面和其上输入的信息以便于日后追溯生产情况,本文将客户端抓取的相关信息自动实时同步传输和集成到服务器端相应的数据表中,同时,服务器端需及时把接收的信息按照需求进行比对和分析,且将其结果实时传输给客户端。在这一相互通信中,会出现数据包猝发、丢失、实时性差等问题,为此,本文设计研究基于时间驱动机制、超时重发机制的网络通信组件,并实际应用于基于电子码的企业生产监管系统中,有效实现了客户端和服务器端之间的信息实时传输。     

MCU系统程序设计中的实时性与任务均衡性问题

引言 在MCU系统程序设计中,常常遇到测试工程师反映我们的按键反应不灵敏,或是系统对外部的信号响应慢,实时性差。如果不是程序模块设计问题,那我们就要考虑系统程序设计上的实时性问题了。但是如果仅仅在系统程序设计上片面地考虑实时性问题,而忽略了任务均衡性问题,那么系统又可能出现有的模块程序响应快、有的模块程序反应慢的问题。为了解决这些问题,下面就我在车载娱乐系统程序设计工作中的经验与大家聊聊。     

基于ZYNQ加速的帧差法运动目标检测

针对运动目标检测算法在传统PC端上实时性较差的问题,设计了一种基于ZYNQ硬件加速的运动目标实时检测系统。将摄像头采集的彩色视频流转换为灰度视频流并进行图像处理来实现运动目标检测,并将检测后的结果与原彩色视频流叠加来显示实时检测结果;选用经典的帧差法,并在ZYNQ平台上设计和实现该算法,在VDMA存储中使用乒乓操作加速,中值滤波进行图像处理时使用流水线操作并行加速,大大地提高了算法处理速度。设计实现后对传统的CPU+OpenCV实现横向对比分析,结果表明ZYNQ平台在实时性上具有明显优势。     

重要产品追溯领域模型研究与应用

针对我国重要产品追溯系统的复用性及实用性,分析了当前追溯系统模型构建、追溯编码和追溯依据存在问题的根源,以提高追溯信息的完整性、追溯系统的适应性、系统与业务的吻合度为目标,研究了追溯过程模型、追溯码编码方法、追溯领域模型和追溯数据集成方法等组成的追溯领域模型,该模型已在多个重要产品追溯体系建设示范工程规划设计中应用,结果表明该模型在复用性和实用性上优势明显.     

嵌入式实时操作系统在测控系统中的应用研究

针对嵌入式在工业应用中的实时性问题,本文结合实时性操作系统uC/OS-II和当前应用最广泛的ARM微处理器,设计一个测控系统。在处理器上移植该实时操作系统,编写多任务程序对实时操作系统在系统中相关问题进行研究。结果表明,系统运行的实时性能够满足测控领域需求。     

基于RTX的复杂虚拟试验分层实时网络环境研究

复杂实时仿真系统中不同层次对实时性、可靠性要求各不相同;网络和操作系统是该类系统环境的重要组成部分;针对硬件在回路试验的实时需求,提出了基于RTX下的反射内存网的半实物接入网络,构建了基于RT-TCP/IP的虚拟试验局域网;其操作系统层面,设计为弱实时任务在Windows内核上运行,而强实时任务分布在RTX内核之上;文中对各层面的实时性进行了测试,分析了层面间的实时性约束;结合某飞行试验系统的虚拟试验,给出了具体的设计方案,满足了应用中不同实时性的要求。     

基于故障树的专家系统推理机设计

针对微小卫星强实时性和资源受限的特点,提出一种基于故障树的专家系统推理机。根据广度优先搜索设计正向推理算法,根据深度优先搜索设计逆向推理算法,2种算法在时间和空间上均满足线性复杂度。实验结果表明,该推理机可满足微小卫星对实时性的要求,同时也能节省星上资源。     

基于ARM的智能机器人小车控制系统设计

本文主要介绍了基于ARM内核的S3C44BOX在机器人小车控制系统中的应用.设计了控制系统的硬件电路和软件.将实时性较高的操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ移植到S3C44BOX上来实现机器人小车控制系统的任务调度.增强了系统的实时性和可靠性,实现了机器人小车的精确实时控制.     

移动机器人Java Agent控制系统设计

针对移动机器人的任务和硬件组成,提出了基于Java 开发平台的Agent控制系统设计方法。以目前应用较广泛的JADE作为Agent开发平台,采用JNI方法实现了Agent与硬件系统的交互。在运动控制卡上设计了有实时性要求的轨迹生成、运动控制、位姿估计和安全控制等4个行为任务,将数据库和路径规划等管理性行为设计在车载PC104工业控制计算机上。人机交互界面可作为独立的Agent驻留在上位监控计算机上。这种方法结合了Java Agent开发平台的普遍性和工业控制的实时性,实验证明了该方法的可行性。     

A Novel Long Term Telecommunication Network Planning Framework

The design of large scale telecommunication networks is more than the technical allocation of capacity and path routing. By examining the design and allocation of resources in a broader sense, telecommunication network planning and management can better deliver value to the various stakeholders. This is significant especially when deploying networks in economically marginal areas such are rural, remote, or economically depressed regions. This paper presents a planning framework to systematically incorporate the influences, resources and decisions to effectively build or expand a network. Using a stake holders, input, process, output, customer approach, six key areas of society that derive value from better communication infrastructure in relatively unique manners were identified. These areas include healthcare, education, business, and others. The framework presented defines the inputs and outputs that accounts for the range of influences and outcomes in a network planning process. Inputs are broken down into four areas of concern (technical, market, financial, and application trends) that can influence how a network could be designed, along with four output areas (auxiliary activities, deployment strategies, technical design, and ownership and access). Through an extensive literature survey across many industries this framework was established to incorporate the many social economic and technical factors that influence telecommunication network planning and design.     

Identity and role—A qualitative case study of cooperative scenario building

In this study, we argue that users participating in the design process will form the participation as a function of their professional role, but also as a function of their identity more or less independent from their role. In order to get the full potential of cooperative design the user identity in general and in this case their attitudes towards technology in particular should be incorporated into the design process. This case study consists of participatory design sessions with two different organizations, in the context of a media production tool development project. Facilitator skills, and workshop interventions to balance attitudes and to take them into account in design are discussed. Furthermore, we argue that attitudes will affect a subsequent implementation of a technical system, and that knowledge about stakeholder identity can be useful for further design activities and for planning system implementation.     

Project Development in Complex Environments: Assessing Safety in Design and Decision‐Making

How can we be sure that safety risks are adequately dealt with in the design of complex, innovative projects? In The Netherlands, a number of recent innovative project initiatives have made this a relevant question. These initiatives include projects such as the construction of tunnels using new technologies, the construction of underground facilities that combine several functions, i.e. shopping, parking and transport, and the development of a transport corridor in which rail, road and waterway have been or will be combined. These projects combine several functions and have been, or will be, realised in densely built and populated areas. Although safety regulations for products and systems have been institutionalised through legislation and professional design practices, recent project proposals link systems and their environment in new and complex ways. The risks evolving from these links are unknown and the extent to which they are covered by existing safety approaches is uncertain. In this contribution, we examine how the attention paid to safety can be increased and maintained in the design process of infrastructural projects. First, we discuss the need to reorganise the safety focus in the design process. Then we describe the role of the design process in decision‐making for major projects with regard to utility building, town planning and the construction of infrastructures. Third, we elaborate how the focus on safety can be organised within this context, given developments in the field of interactive decision‐making and the design and management of interaction processes. We then outline a safety risk management method that can be used to achieve this and, finally, address the conditions that influence the use of this method.     

Product safety in Great Britain and the Consumer Protection Act 1987

The Consumer Protection Act 1987 imposes new demands on manufacturers regarding the safety of their products. They can be sued directly by any person injured by their defective goods and prosecuted if they fail to meet the new comprehensive general safety requirement and any other safety provision. Product designers and ergonomists need a sound understanding of and involvement in the legal aspects of product safety. It is now essential to take into account what may reasonably be done with goods, or foreseeable conditions of use, in order to satisfy the test of what is "reasonably safe" and meet the level of safety which "persons generally are entitled to expect" under the law. Any significant progress in product safety will now come through developments in technical standards which will be harmonised throughout the European Community. It is essential that ergonomics considerations be taken into account during the drafting of product specifications if users' interests are to be safeguarded more effectively. Ergonomists will be required to make an even greater contribution in the field of product safety, therefore, by assisting in the determination of the new statutory safety criteria. They are uniquely qualified to ensure that the product user is fully considered at the design and assessment stages which can now be looked upon as an essential pre-requisite of the law and not just sound engineering policy.     

主义与形式

本文旨在通过现代主义设计向国际主义风格演变的过程来阐释任何具体的设计活动都具备它的时代背景。每次设计风格的转变并不是单一外在形式的变化,在更深层次上意味着社会、文化乃至阶级价值的转变。在现代的社会进程中,经济的富裕和民主的进步使得人们对器物有了更高的情感依托,这种依托带来了情感化设计这种新的社会文化理念以及设计风格。我们将进一步来阐述这种风格背景下的形式转变。     

论信息时代的工业设计手绘表现

手绘表现是工业设计专业一门实践性较强的技能。因计算机绘图技术的快速发展,对设计手绘表现缺乏正确的认识。本文从信息时代手绘表现的认识误区和重要性谈起,对手绘表现的技术性与艺术性统一问题进行探讨,对手绘过程中视觉修养和设计思维培养的观点进行论述,以便更好地指导手绘表现和设计实践。     

35kV总降变电站微机综合自动化

以计算机技术为基础,以数据通讯为手段,以信息共享为目标,论述了变电站微机综合自动化系统的设计过程,从而有效提高了变电站安全稳定运行水平和经济效益,降低了运行维护成本,向用户提供了高质量电能。     

Building a database for product design knowledge retrieval—A case study in robotic design database

In product design process, when dealing with technical problems or initiating a new design, R&D personnel would often turn to technical database to seek inspiration. The building of a database with such documents has not been systematically dealt with. In this paper, several issues on how to build up a product design database are investigated: input source, sampling scheme and quality control. A case study of building a database for robotic design is used to demonstrate the concept. It is an archive of more than 1500 relevant technical papers. A total of 16 graduates are employed as operators in the labeling process and subsequently the hypothesis tests are utilized to process the labeling results. To ensure this database quality, the labeling consistency of each operator and the understanding of each category are tested. With the use of statistical methods, this work proposes a feasible and practical way to create such a database for product design.     

政府办公大楼计算机网络安全性设计

人类已经进入21世纪,以网络传输技术、多媒体技术为代表的信息技术飞速发展促使社会的各个领域都发生了前所未有的深刻变革。但是由于网络的天然特性决定了可能存在许多网络安全性隐患,这些安全性隐患所造成的后果将有可能造成巨大的经济损失,或者严重的社会问题,所以网络安全性设计也越来越被人们所重视。本文结合多年来的工作经验,从网络安全隔离、防火墙设计、入侵防御系统设计、VLAN安全性设计、病毒防治、集中网络安全管理六个方面提出了政府办公大楼计算机网络安全性设计的一些想法。     

Criteria for the complementary allocation of functions in automated work systems and their use in simultaneous engineering projects

A crucial step in any system design concerns the allocation of functions between human and machine. In simultaneous engineering, function allocation is potentially an issue both in product design — if the product is a technical system itself — and in process design. It is argued that well-founded function allocation decisions in relation to the production process are of particular importance in simultaneous engineering as less and less time is allowed for compensation for inadequate or missing decisions which will impede production effectiveness. The focus of recent methods for the allocation of functions is to operationalize the concept of complementarity, meaning to provide guidelines for complementing humans by technical systems instead of replacing them gradually as technical systems become more and more sophisticated. As systems design becomes more complex, involving more and faster changes and placing higher demands on engineers as well as system operators, the idea of complementary gains importance because it stresses the need to allocate functions in a way that supports human control over the production process and the development and maintenance of the necessary skills. Looking at existing methods and instruments for the complementary allocation of functions, one is at first sight confronted with a multitude of criteria for complementarity, but to date neither a fixed set of criteria, comparable to software usability criteria, nor widely accepted methods for their measurement exist. As part of a research project concerned with the development of guidelines whose objective is to assist engineers in designing work systems according to the complementarity principle, four central criteria for complementary function allocation were identified: dynamic coupling, process transparency, human decision authority, and flexibility. These criteria and their application in a design process are illustrated by means of a case study and discussed in terms of other approaches to complementary design as well as their use for simultaneous engineering projects.

Relevance to industry

Adequate allocation of functions between human and machine is crucial for the effectiveness of any production system. With more complex and faster design processes in simultaneous engineering projects, the need for methods supporting prospective analysis and design of human-machine systems has increased even more. The article presents such a method based on the principle of complementarity between human operator and technical system and illustrates its use by means of a case study.