MHD flow control for plasma technology applications

MHD effects arising in plasma sources, such as short-pulsed magnetoplasmadynamic generators and inductively heated plasma generators, are analyzed with both algebraic models and measured data. Functional principles of the sources based on their MHD behavior are explained. Moreover, Stewart numbers in the order of magnitude of at least 10⁻¹ are calculated for the systems and qualified as an identifier for the magnetic influence on plasmas. Here, the considered plasma systems that are a priori known as MHD systems were used to determine typical values of the Stewart number. Based on this experience the concept of a plasma probe to magnetically influence or control weakly ionized free stream plasma flows is presented.     

Thin film metallic glasses in optoelectronic,magnetic, and electronic applications: A recent update

Thin film metallic glass (TFMG) is a new class of metallic thin film with unique characteristics, including smooth surface, absence of grain boundaries, second-order glass transition, annealing-induced amorphization, soft magnetic properties, and high thermal stability. Hence, with these properties, TFMGs are found very useful and promising in many areas, ranging from structural, biomedical to electrical components. This review provides an update on future challenges and opportunities associated with the further development of TFMG.     

Selenium nanomaterials: An overview of recent developments in synthesis,properties and potential applications

Advances in science and nanotechnology have facilitated the development of new methods for the preparation of pure selenium as selenium nanomaterials. They offer remarkable potential for technological applications in the fields of medicine, diagnostics, therapeutics, toxicology, electronics, catalysis and so on. Moreover, selenium nanomaterials also find applications in photographic exposure metres, rectifiers, signal emitting devices and transmitting devices, because of their unique structural, optical and electronic properties. This study describes a detailed advanced report on the synthesis, assembly, characterization and various applications of selenium nanomaterials. In addition, relevant synthesis methods, properties, challenges and opportunities associated with selenium nanomaterials are also presented.     

Perovskite single crystals: Dimensional control,optoelectronic properties,and applications

Lead halide perovskite single crystals have emerged as promising candidates for high-performance optoelectronic devices because of their superior optoelectronic properties. To date, much literature has reported the fabrication of various perovskite single-crystal structures. However, it still lacks effective rationalization and a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the structural characteristics and functional properties of the perovskite single crystals, which is of great significance for fabricating perovskite single crystals-based high-performance optoelectronic devices. In this review, we give a comprehensive overview of the synthesis of perovskite single crystals with diverse dimensions, including 0D perovskite quantum dots (QDs), 1D micro/nanowires, 2D micro/nanoplates and single-crystal thin films (SCTFs), and 3D micro/nanoscale single-crystal structures. The relationship between the dimensional structure and properties of the perovskite single crystals is discussed in detail. Dimensional requirements for different optoelectronic applications are systematically summarized. Finally, perspectives on remaining challenges and future opportunities are highlighted.     

Some recent advances in materials technology

Recent advances in five key areas of materials technology are discussed. Structural and non-structural composites, electrically-conducting polymers, materials obtained by rapid quenching, new developments in hydraulic cements and photothermal solar energy conversion are reviewed.     

The status, recent progress and promise of superconductingmaterials for practical applications

The author summarizes the progress in materials science and engineering that created today's superconducting technology. He reviews the state of the technology with conventional materials by looking at two particular applications: large-scale applications involving conductors, for example, magnets; and electronics and instrument applications. The state-of-the art is contrasted with the present understanding of the high-T_c oxide materials     

Discoloration mechanism,structures and recent applications of thermochromic materials via different methods: A review

Thermochromic material is a kind of smart material whose color will vary as the result of the phase transition caused by the temperature change. The characteristics of thermochromic materials are the memory functions to the temperature, having great potential applications in aerospace, military, anti-counterfeiting technology, construction and other fields. In recent years, many kinds of thermochromic materials have been prepared by different methods and their discoloration mechanisms are various according to published literatures. In this paper, the classification, discoloration mechanism, preparation methods, application fields and development trend of thermochromic materials are reviewed.     

Permanence criteria in non-autonomous predator-prey Kolmogorov systems and its applications

The paper studies the general non-autonomous predator-prey Kolmogorov systems. The general criteria of integrable form on the permanence and ultimate boundedness are established. As applications of these results, the sufficient conditions of integrable form on the permanence are obtained for non-autonomous Lotka-Volterra systems, Holling I-type functional response systems, Holling (m, n)-type functional response systems, Beddington-DeAngelis functional response systems, Leslie-Gower functional response systems and chemostat-type systems.     

Polyelectrolyte multilayers for bio‐applications: recent advancements

The synergistic relationship between structure and the bulk properties of polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) films has generated tremendous interest in their application for loading and release of bioactive species. Layer‐by‐layer assembly is the simplest, cost effective process for fabrication of such PEMs films, leading to one of the most widely accepted platforms for incorporating biological molecules with nanometre precision. The bulk reservoir properties of PEM films render them a potential candidate for applications such as biosensing, drug delivery and tissue engineering. Various biomolecules such as proteins, DNA, RNA or other desired molecules can be incorporated into the PEM stack via electrostatic interactions and various other secondary interactions such as hydrophobic interactions. The location and availability of the biological molecules within the PEM stack mediates its applicability in various fields of biomedical engineering such as programmed drug delivery. The development of advanced technologies for biomedical applications using PEM films has seen rapid progress recently. This review briefly summarises the recent successes of PEM being utilised for diverse bio‐applications.Inspec keywords: polymer electrolytes, multilayers, polymer films, molecular biophysics, biomedical materials, biochemistryOther keywords: bioapplications, polyelectrolyte multilayer films, bioactive species, layer‐by‐layer assembly, biological molecules, biosensing, drug delivery, tissue engineering, biomolecules, proteins, DNA, RNA, electrostatic interactions, secondary interactions, hydrophobic interactions, biomedical engineering, programmed drug delivery, biomedical applications, PEM films     

Nanosponges – a completely new nano-horizon: pharmaceutical applications and recent advances

In recent years, nanosponges (NS) have gained tremendous impetus in drug delivery through nanotechnology. Nanosponges are capable of providing solutions for several formulation related problems. Through this review, scientists working in the field of nanotechnology can have an insight into the techniques of preparation, characterization and applications of NS. Owing to their small size and porous nature they can bind poorly-soluble drugs within their matrix and improve their bioavailability. They can be crafted for targeting drugs to specific sites, prevent drug and protein degradation and prolong drug release in a controlled manner. This review attempts to elaborate different schemes of synthesis of NS and their characterization. Factors affecting drug loading and release have been enumerated. Due to their advantages, NS have not only been explored for their pharmaceutical applications but also have large popularity in allied sciences, especially in water purification.     

软刻蚀技术及其应用

软刻蚀是通过表面带图案的弹性模板来实现图案的转移的图形复制技术，作为非光刻微米和纳米量级微加工方法，加工的分辨率可以达到5nm～100μm，它克服了传统光刻技术的缺陷，为形成和制作平面和曲面上的微米和纳米图案提供了简便、有效的低成本途径。本文将主要介绍微接触印刷、近场光刻蚀、纳米压印等软刻蚀方法的原理、方法以及面临的问题，并简介了它们在微米和纳米加工、微电子学、材料科学、光学、微电子机械系统、表面化学等方面应用。     

Superconductive delay-line technology and applications

Microwave analog signal-processing filters have been realized in the form of coupled niobium striplines on silicon dielectric substrates. Device responses with ± 2-dB amplitude accuracy and 9°-rms phase error have been achieved in amplitude-weighted filters with 37.5 ns of dispersion and 2.3-GHz bandwidths. Relative side-lobe levels of -26 dB and less are currently obtained. The achievable dispersion for stripline circuits on a single pair of 5-cm-diameter, 125-μm-thick wafers is limited to about 40 ns by the electro-magnetic coupling between neighboring lines. To achieve greater dispersion two approaches are under development: (1) Stripline circuits are being fabricated on multiple wafer pairs which are physically stacked and electrically concatenated to produce dispersive delay lines with 4-GHz bandwidth and 75-ns dispersion time. Phenolic resin is used as an adhesive to ensure the mechanical integrity of the stacked structure. (2) A technique to fabricate dense stripline circuits on very thin (15-μm) single-crystal silicon superstrates supported by thicker substrates has been demonstrated and preliminary results will be described. A chirp-transform system capable of real-time spectral analysis has been constructed using a pair of the superconductive delay-line filters. A resolution of 43 MHz over an unprecedented 2400-MHz bandwidth with amplitude uniformity of ±1 dB and side-lobe levels of -18 dB was demonstrated.     

控制、规划和调度问题中的博弈论应用

剖析了博弈理论蕴涵的方法论之思想和基本原理,回顾并分析了博弈理论在控制、规划和调度问题中的应用现状,指出了博弈应用研究的要点和今后的研究方向.     

Review of recent achievements in self-healing conductive materials and their applications

Self-healing materials have attracted increasing attention because of their wide range of applications. It can be expected to offer obvious advantages in conductive materials with self-healing properties, which are regarded as promising candidates for the fabrication of self-healing electronics, energy storage devices, sensors, anticorrosive coating and conductive adhesives. In this review, we focused on recent efforts to develop self-healing conductive composites including their preparation methods, properties and applications. The self-healing conductive materials were presented based on different conductive mediums, such as metal, carbon, conductive polymer, ionic liquids. In addition, their novel applications of the self-healing conductive materials in conductive coatings, energy storage devices and sensors are highlighted. Finally, the future challenges of conductive materials with self-healing properties are proposed.     

Structural applications of adhesives in civil engineering

Abstract

The use of adhesives in civil engineering is reviewed by considering typical applications and experience gained, together with some results of research. The properties and requirements of structural adhesives as used to bond construction materials are discussed briefly. It is concluded that, with an appropriate design of joint, careful selection of a suitable adhesive, and adequate surface preparation, bonded connections may be used in structural applications – at least in the short term. However, caution should be exercised for longer–term applications, particularly if the joint is to be subjected to extreme environmental conditions under sustained load.

MST/271     

Review of recent developments in advanced ejector technology

Previous reviews on ejectors for expansion work recovery have provided detailed discussions of operating characteristics and control of ejector cycles, zero-dimensional ejector modeling, ejector geometry effects, and alternate ejector cycles. However, important advances in the field of ejector technology have occurred since previous reviews were written. Several focuses of recent ejector research are the development of multi-dimensional CFD ejector models, investigation of alternate ejector cycles and uses of the work recovered by the ejector, implementation of effective control strategies for ejector cycles, and application of ejectors in real systems. The objective of this paper is to present a review of developments in the use of ejectors for expansion work recovery in vapor-compression systems focusing on the past several years. Although the first commercial applications are being introduced to the market, it is suggested that future works continue in these areas in order to make ejectors more suitable for additional applications.