缓释型磷酸盐玻璃的研究进展

磷酸盐玻璃的主要成分对环境和人体无害,其基本结构决定了它的化学性质不稳定,但其缓释性能在生物医学、抗菌和玻璃肥料等领域具有很大的应用前景。在系统地介绍磷酸盐玻璃的概况及其在缓释领域的主要应用的基础上,详细阐述了它的缓释机理,以及缓释型磷酸盐玻璃在生物医学、玻璃肥料和抗菌材料等不同领域的研究及应用进展,并对其发展前景和发展方向进行了展望。     

载银磷酸盐玻璃的缓释及抗菌性能研究进展

载银磷酸盐玻璃是一种新型抗菌材料.通常磷酸盐玻璃的化学性质不稳定,在水中可溶且溶解速率可调.银离子具有优良的抗菌性能,载银磷酸盐玻璃由于其缓释性和抗菌性,在诸多领域具有潜在的应用前景.综述了近年来该材料的研究成果,概述了其合成方法,总结了其结构和性能,及其在水处理剂、洗衣机、肥料、塑料和医学实践等领域的应用进展,并对其...     

锂磷酸盐微晶玻璃固体电解质材料研究进展

锂磷酸盐微晶玻璃固体电解质具有合成简单,电化学稳定性高等优点,已经对其进行了大量的研究工作。结合近几年的研究,分别综述了三元、四元和五元3种不同系统的锂磷酸盐微晶玻璃固体电解质所具有的最大电导率。并描述了Nasicon结构的快离子导体和交流阻抗谱在计算电导率上的应用。锂磷酸盐微晶玻璃固体电解质在全固态锂离子电池中将会有更广泛的应用。     

磷酸二氢铵应用研究进展

中国磷矿资源丰富,为磷酸盐工业的发展带来了重大机遇。磷酸二氢铵作为重要的磷酸盐系列产品之一,常用作氮-磷复合肥广泛使用,但肥料利用率低,附加值不高,造成资源浪费,阻碍了磷化工的发展。重点综述了磷酸二氢铵在灭火剂、阻燃剂、玻璃材料、磷酸铁锂材料和基体改进剂等领域的应用,为拓展磷酸二氢铵的应用领域、提高磷酸二氢铵附加值提供了借鉴。最后,对磷酸二氢铵今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

磷酸盐多孔微晶玻璃的研制及其在无机抗菌剂方面的应用

以组成为ＮａＴｉＯ３（ＰＯ４）３－０．９Ｃａ３（ＰＯ４）２的基础玻璃制备了磷酸盐多孔微晶玻璃,并对其性能进行了研究。通过对其进行银离子交换并对交换后的载银磷酸盐多孔微晶玻璃进行处理,制备了具有抗菌耐久性的磷酸盐多孔微晶玻璃抗菌剂,并 抗菌剂的抗菌性能和抗菌机理。     

磷酸盐玻璃缓释材料应用进展

介绍了缓释型磷酸盐玻璃的结构特点,并对磷酸盐玻璃缓释材料的研究及其在杀菌,水处理,医疗等方面的应用进行综述。     

掺Y2O3磷酸盐隔热玻璃的制备及其性质的研究

以磷酸盐为主要原料,通过掺Y2O3制得了具有良好化学稳定性和可见光透过性的磷酸盐隔热玻璃.测定了玻璃的XRD、穆斯堡尔谱、IR光谱及可见-红外光谱,并对Y2O3改善磷酸盐玻璃的机制进行了合理的解释.     

铁磷酸盐玻璃固化材料研究进展

玻璃固化是目前各国对高放废液进行固化处理的首选方式,与硼硅酸盐玻璃相比,铁磷酸盐玻璃具有很好的化学耐蚀性和较低的熔融温度,是一类新型的核废物固化基质材料。本文综述了铁磷酸盐玻璃的特点及其在核废物固化方面的研究进展。     

基于核废物固化应用的铁磷酸盐材料研究进展

铁磷酸盐材料是一类新型的核废物固化材料,铁磷酸盐玻璃具有较高的化学稳定性和较低的熔融温度,独居石、磷灰石等是固化核素优选的晶体,铁磷酸盐玻璃陶瓷固化兼有玻璃基体对多种元素的包容性和陶瓷固化对特定放射性核素抗辐射能力的优势。综述了铁磷酸盐玻璃、陶瓷及玻璃陶瓷的特点及其在高放废物固化方面的研究现状及进展,比较了用于核废物固化的铁磷酸盐固化体的体系及特点。     

磷酸盐激光玻璃除铂问题的研究

以我国激光核聚变所用的磷酸盐激光玻璃为对象,对铂进入玻璃的机制,熔炼条件对玻璃中铂含量的影响,熔炼条件与铂微粒形成的关系,以及对玻璃中形成的铂微粒的消除进行了研究.强氧化气氛、足够高的熔炼保温温度可以熔制不含铂微粒的磷酸盐激光玻璃.     

磷复肥中有效磷的提取剂及测定条件

论述磷肥按溶解性分类情况。根据不同磷肥的溶解性(水溶性、弱酸溶性和枸溶性)选择合适的溶剂、称量范围和溶解条件,测定其有效磷(水溶性磷和枸溶性磷总和)含量,才能得到准确的结果。     

Agronomic and environmental aspects of phosphate fertilizers varying in source and solubility: an update review

This review discusses and summarizes the latest reports regarding the agronomic utilization and potential environmental effects of different types of phosphate (P) fertilizers that vary in solubility. The agronomic effectiveness of P fertilizer can be influenced by the following factors: (1) water and citrate solubility; (2) chemical composition of solid water-soluble P (WSP) fertilizers; (3) fluid and solid forms of WSP fertilizers; and (4) chemical reactions of P fertilizers in soils. Non-conventional P fertilizers are compared with WSP fertilizers in terms of P use efficiency in crop production. Non-conventional P fertilizers include directly applied phosphate rock (PR), partially acidulated PR (PAPR), and compacted mixtures of PR and WSP. The potential impacts of the use of P fertilizers from both conventional (fully acidulated) and non-conventional sources are discussed in terms of (1) contamination of soils and plants with toxic heavy metals, such as cadmium (Cd), and (2) the contribution of P runoff to eutrophication. Best practices of integrated nutrient management should be implemented when applying P fertilizers to different cropping systems. The ideal management system will use appropriate sources, application rates, timing, and placement in consideration of soil properties. The goal of P fertilizer use should be to optimize crop production without causing environmental problems.     

Solubility assessment for fertilizer containing phosphate rock

Various methods have been used worldwide for measuring the solubility of phosphate rock (PR) and fertilizers containing PR. In this review, chemical, mineralogical, and physical factors affecting various measurements of PR solubility are discussed. The most important factors are (1) PR solubility expression, (2) mineralogical composition of PR, (3) free carbonate (calcite dolomite) effect, (4) effect of apatite crystallinity and cementing of apatite with silica, and (5) effect of monocalcium phosphate and gypsum in the mixture of PR and TSP or SSP.     

Effects of organic manure on solubility and mobility of different phosphate fertilizers in two paddy soils

The solubility and mobility of three phosphate fertilizers [superphosphate (SP), Ca-Mg phosphate (Ca-Mg-P) and diammonium phosphate (DAP)] with or without combination of farmyard manure (FYM) and/or farmyard manure juice (FYMJ) in two paddy soils (Ultisol and Entisol) from the Zhejiang Province of China were determined. Incubation experiments were conducted under controlled greenhouse conditions in the Institute of Agricultural Chemistry, Bonn University, Germany. The results showed that water soluble P and Olsen P in both the application band and the adjacent zones (10 and 20 mm from the application band) was highest with DAP, and lowest with Ca-Mg-P. Both FYM and FYMJ increased water soluble P (100–300%) and Olsen P (80–300%) for the application band in both soils. Moreover, the combination of FYM significantly increased water soluble P and Olsen P for the adjacent zones (20 mm for the Ultisol and 10 mm for the Entisol), but such effects were not significant in combination with FYMJ. Consequently, the main effect of FYM is due to organic substances from decomposition rather than organic compounds in the FYMJ. Also, the combination of FYMJ with SP and DAP significantly increased the pH value in the application band. The pH in the adjacent zone (10 mm) was slightly increased by the combination of FYM with each of three P fertilizers. The solubility and mobility of phosphate in soils differed greatly among phosphate fertilizers. The combinations of organic manure with mineral phosphate fertilizers increased solubility and mobility of phosphate in both paddy soils, especially in the Ultisol.This paper is dedicated to Professor Xi Sun.     

A discussion of the methods for comparing the relative effectiveness of phosphate fertilizers varying in solubility

Because various phosphate (P) fertilizers differ widely in their solubility, it is commonly observed that crop response to P fertilizers varies under the same soil and crop conditions. Furthermore, a major problem encountered in the methods for determining the relative effectiveness (RE) of water-insoluble P fertilizer (e.g., phosphate rock) with respect to water-soluble P fertilizers, e.g., single superphosphate (SSP) and triple superphosphate (TSP), is that their growth response curves are usually nonlinear and often do not share a common maximum yield. In this paper, we review and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the three most commonly used methods for calculating the RE of phosphate rock with respect to TSP (or SSP). The three methods are vertical comparison, horizontal (substitution rate) comparison, and linear-response comparison.     

Partially acidulated phosphate rocks: Phosphorus release characteristics

Five phosphate rocks varying in formic acid P solubility from 18.9 to 52.7%, expressed as percentage of total P, were acidulated with phosphoric or sulphuric acids to 0, 20%, 33% and 50% of full acidulation and granulated. In an incubation experiment fertilizer granules of diameter 1–2 mm were mixed with two acid soils and after 1 week incubation soil samples were extracted with a 0.5 M NaOH solution. In a dissipation experiment single fertilizer granules of 4 mm diameter were implanted into soil, incubated for 1 and 4 weeks and inorganic P fractionation in the residual granules and the surrounding soil was performed. Dissipated P was greater than the water soluble P content of the partly acidulated phosphate rock fertilizers indicating the dissolution of the non-acidulated phosphate rocks. The amount of P dissipated was related to the initial water soluble P content and to the formic acid solubility of phosphate rocks used for manufacturing the fertilizers. The P dissipated increased with an increase in soil acidity.     

Synthesis and Foaming of Phosphate Glass Matrices for Complex Microfertilizers

Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering - The possibility of foaming of phosphate glass matrices for the synthesis of complex micronutrient fertilizers with prolonged action is considered....     

高浓度缓释肥料研制

制备尿素为心核 ,尿醛树脂为粘结剂 ,磷肥、钾肥为外包裹材料的缓释肥料 ;测试并对比国内外同等浓度肥料的溶解释放。     

Influence of manufacturing variables on characteristics and the agronomic value of partially acidulated phosphate fertilizers

Partially acidulated phosphate fertilizers are manufactured either by direct partial acidulation of phosphate rocks (PRs) with sulphuric and/or phosphoric acid (directly acidulated PAPR) or indirectly by mixing reactive phosphate rocks (RPRs) with single superphosphate (SSP-RPR mixture). This form of low cost fertilizer manufacture is suitable for improving the agronomic value of unreactive PRs or production of high analysis fertilizers that can have agronomic values similar to fully acidulated phosphate fertilizers.The solubility characteristics of the directly acidulated PAPRs are affected by the type, composition and concentration of the acid used for acidulation, degree of acidulation, nature and fineness of PR and the method of manufacture. In general, partial acidulation with phosphoric acids which contain minimum amounts of metallic impurities acidulates more PR and results in more soluble P in the product. In the case of SSP-RPR mixtures made by adding RPR to immature SSP, the nature of PR used for SSP manufacture and the time of addition of RPR to ex-den SSP mixture affects the quality of the product. In order to minimize the selective reaction of the RPR with residual acid present in the ex-den SSP reaction mixture, RPR should not be added until PR acidulation (used for SSP) is essentially complete.The agronomic value of partially acidulated phosphate fertilizers is affected by the amount of water soluble P and the solubility of residual PR. None of the single extraction tests such as 2% citric acid, 2% formic acid and neutral ammonium citrate appear to be appropriate as indicators of plant available P in these fertilizers. Double extraction procedures which remove both the soluble P and the residual P have been investigated, but need to be correlated with agronomic data before they can be adopted as quality tests.     

Technological characterization of Anitapolis (Brazil) phosphate rock as feedstock for fused magnesium phosphate production

Fused magnesium phosphate seems to be a technical solution for some problems faced by the Brazilian industry of phosphate fertilizers, namely: high P₂O₅ losses in the fines of the beneficiation processes; high level of phosphorus fixation for water soluble fertilizers; Brazilian high dependency on sulfur for conventional phosphate fertilizers. The technological characterization of phosphate concentrate of Anitapolis, regarding the production of fused magnesium phosphate was thus carried out.The variables studied were MgO/SiO₂ ratio, fusion temperature and cooling rate. The products obtained in the tests were analyzed for P₂O₅ citric acid solubility and fluorine content. As expected, fast cooling showed the best results. MgO/SiO₂ molar ratio showed weak influence on the solubilization of P₂O₅ when fast cooling was used. Fluorine removal was low for all samples. This indicates that the product is not suitable for animal feed. The Anitapolis rock concentrate showed to be an excellent feedstock for production of fused magnesium phosphate.