离子液体在聚合物材料加工中的应用

由于离子液体具有电导率高、热稳定性好、蒸气压低、不燃烧等优良性质,越来越多地应用于有机合成、分离、电化学和材料加工等领域.综述了离子液体在聚合物材料加工中的应用研究进展,主要包括聚合物电解质的合成应用研究、聚合物在离子液体中的溶解、以离子液体为溶剂的聚合反应以及离子液体作为聚合物的增塑剂.     

离子液体在介孔材料制备中的应用

离子液体作为一种新型绿色环保溶剂,本身独特的性质完全可以替代并超过普通的有机溶剂,因而用它来合成介孔材料引起了广大科技工作者的关注.综述了离子液体分别作为溶剂、共模版和模版表面活性剂用于制备介孔材料的最新进展,并对离子液体应用于介孔材料制备中的发展方向和研究热点进行了分析和展望.     

表面活性剂在制备介孔材料方面的研究进展

无机介孔材料作为一种新型的纳米结构材料,在催化、分离、纳米技术等领域中具有潜在的应用前景。作为模板剂的表面活性剂在介孔材料的合成中起着十分重要的作用。本文综述了传统与非传统表面活性剂在硅基介孔材料合成方面的研究进展。阐述了阳离子、阴离子、两性、非离子等传统表面活性剂以及有机小分子、离子液体和新型硅源等非传统表面活性剂作为模板剂制备介孔材料的现状。     

离子液体及其研究进展

离子液体是在室温下为液体、具有离子特性的新型溶剂,具有超低蒸气压,也称为绿色溶剂.通过选择合适的阳离子、阴离子和配体,可以调变离子液体的化学、物理性能.作为一种环境友好的反应介质,离子液体在纳米材料合成中的应用具有诱人前景.     

离子液体在生物燃料制备中的应用研究进展

近年来,离子液体作为新型功能材料,在生物燃料制备中的应用逐渐增多。离子液体具有蒸汽压小、熔点低和液态温度范围宽等特点;在生物燃料制备中,具有不腐蚀设备、不污染环境、能够重复使用的优点。介绍了离子液体中纤维素的预处理、溶解和水解等;同时阐述了离子液体作为催化剂、溶剂及催化剂载体在生物柴油合成方面的应用研究进展,最后展望了离子液体在可再生生物燃料制备中的发展方向。     

渗透压驱动的水溶性离子液体高效回收新方法

正离子液体是一种完全由阴阳离子组成的有机熔盐,在室温下多呈液态,具有不易挥发、不易燃、化学和热稳定性高、溶解性强、结构可调控、电化学窗口宽等优点.作为新兴绿色溶剂的代表,离子液体已被用作化工中间体烷基苯膦合成的缚酸剂、再生纤维素的溶剂、金属电镀液、无水乙醇制备的脱水剂等,具有十分重要的工业应用价值.然而,离子液体合成成本较高,经     

离子液体在高分子合成中的应用

离子液体作为一种"绿色溶剂",具有很多独特的物理化学性能,可以应用于自由基聚合、阳离子聚合、配位聚合、电化学聚合等反应体系。本文阐述了离子液体的特点及合成方法,介绍了离子液体在高分子合成中的应用。     

模板剂合成锰八面体分子筛及其催化燃烧二甲醚的性能研究

以离子液体[bmin]NO3调控的溶胶凝胶法合成了氧化锰八面体分子筛(OMS-2),并采用TG-DSC、XRD、低温N2吸附、TEM、FT-IR、UV-vis、O2-TPD以及H2-TPR等方法对固体材料的结构进行了表征,考察了制备材料的二甲醚催化燃烧反应的催化性能.结果表明,合成的OMS-2材料属于cryptomelane一维隧道结构,由于离子液体同时作为模板导向剂和还原剂,因而使得OMS-2的外形以一维纳米线为主.O2-TPD和H2-TPR实验表明,OMS-2材料具有丰富的氧物种,低温下易还原,因而在二甲醚催化燃烧中表现出了良好的催化性能.二甲醚催化燃烧的起燃温度T10%为180℃,而完全燃烧温度T90%为190℃,反应产物仅有CO2和H2O.     

离子液体在催化中的应用研究进展

近年来,离子液体以其独特的优势成为催化体系研究的热点。离子液体具有良好的溶解性、较低的挥发性、可设计性和可重复使用性等特点,作为反应催化剂和溶剂,其相比于传统溶剂展现出更好的选择性和反应速率。综述了离子液体作为反应催化剂、反应溶剂、共催化剂或活性催化剂、负载型离子液体等在催化体系中的应用研究进展,并展望了离子液体在催化中的发展前景。     

含稳定骨架铁的Fe-MCM-41介孔分子筛的合成与表征

以离子液体1-十六烷基-3-甲基溴代咪唑([C₁₆mim]⁺Br^-)为模板剂合成了含铁介孔分子筛Fe-MCM-41,并对其结构和形态进行了表征. 研究结果表明, 用该方法合成的Fe-MCM-41不仅具有比较大的比表面积, 规则的介孔孔道结构等特征, 而且形成了双孔道结构. UV-Vis和EPR 顺磁共振的表征结果表明, 采用离子液体[C₁₆mim]⁺Br^-为模板剂所合成的Fe-MCM-41介孔分子筛, 铁物种能稳定地存在于介孔分子筛骨架中.     

Preparation of Inorganic Materials Using Ionic Liquids

Conventional synthesis of inorganic materials relies heavily on water and organic solvents. Alternatively, the synthesis of inorganic materials using, or in the presence of, ionic liquids represents a burgeoning direction in materials chemistry. Use of ionic liquids in solvent extraction and organic catalysis has been extensively studied, but their use in inorganic synthesis has just begun. Ionic liquids are a family of non‐conventional molten salts that can act as templates and precursors to inorganic materials, as well as solvents. They offer many advantages, such as negligible vapor pressures, wide liquidus ranges, good thermal stability, tunable solubility for both organic and inorganic molecules, and much synthetic flexibility. In this Review, the use of ionic liquids in the preparation of several categories of inorganic and hybrid materials (i.e., metal structures, non‐metal elements, silicas, organosilicas, metal oxides, metal chalcogenides, metal salts, open‐framework structures, ionic liquid‐functionalized materials, and supported ionic liquids) is summarized. The status quo of the research field is assessed, and some future perspectives are furnished.     

Electrochemical and bioelectrochemistry properties of room-temperature ionic liquids and carbon composite materials

Room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are liquids at room temperature and represent a new class of nonaqueous but polar solvents with high ionic conductivity. The conductivity property of carbon nanotubes/RTILs and carbon microbeads/RTILs composite materials has been studied using ac impedance technology. Enzyme coated by RTILs-modified gold and glassy carbon electrodes allow efficient electron transfer between the electrode and the protein and also catalyze the reduction of O2 and H2O2.     

Capillary electrophoretic application of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids

Ionic substances with melting points at or close to room temperature are referred to as ionic liquids. Interest in ionic liquids for their potential in different chemical processes is increasing, because they are environmentally benign and are good solvents for a wide range of both organic and inorganic materials. In this study, a capillary electrophoretic method for resolving phenolic compounds found in grape seed extracts is reported. The method, in which 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids are used as the running electrolytes, is simple and reproducible. The separation mechanism seems to involve association between the imidazolium cations and the polyphenols. The role of the alkyl substituents on the imidazolium cations was investigated and will be discussed.     

利用离子液体制备无机气凝胶的研究进展

气凝胶具有三维纳米多孔网络结构,独特的结构使它具有低密度、高比表面积和高孔隙率等性质以及低热导率、低介电常数和低声传播速率等性能,在隔热、介电、隔声、催化、吸附等领域具有广阔的应用前景.然而,溶剂-凝胶法作为目前制备气凝胶最成熟、应用最广的技术,需要使用大量的有机溶剂,严苛而危险的超临界干燥工艺进一步推高了成本,限制了气凝胶的大规模工业化生产和应用,因此,降低成本和在常压干燥条件下制备高比表面积的块状气凝胶是气凝胶产业急需解决的问题.离子液体被称为21世纪的绿色溶剂,具有低蒸气压、低表面张力、高催化性和高溶解性等特殊性质.离子液体与气凝胶材料的发展几乎同步,但直到2000年两种材料才产生交集.离子液体作为模板剂具有微观结构导向作用,使纳米孔结构均一化,其不挥发性和低表面张力保证了老化和常压干燥过程中纳米孔结构不会因毛细管力而坍塌破坏,另外其催化作用可以缩短凝胶时间.因此,离子液体为常压干燥合成气凝胶提供了新的工艺路线.目前,有关借助离子液体制备 SiO2气凝胶、TiO2气凝胶、SiO2-TiO2复合气凝胶、炭气凝胶等无机气凝胶的探索均已展开,其中制备 SiO2气凝胶的研究最多,涉及工艺、微观结构、掺杂和应用等方面.通过常压干燥可获得比表面积高达677 m2/g 的块状气凝胶,通过选用不同的离子液体还可以控制纳米孔的微观形貌,所得 SiO2气凝胶产物在电化学、生物、吸附等领域有较高的应用潜力.利用离子液体替代有机溶剂可以使得到的TiO2气凝胶不经煅烧即含有锐钛矿相,通过金属原子 Ag、Fe、Ge等掺杂改性,可进一步提高锐钛矿相的结晶度,提升其光催化性能.利用离子液体制得的 SiO2-TiO2复合气凝胶具有一定强度和良好的光催化活性.此外,除在传统的溶胶-凝胶法中用作模板剂或催化剂外,离子液体还可作为新型的炭源用于制备炭气凝胶,即通过熔盐法高温炭化裂解离子液体"自上而下"直接制备.这种方法可以制备杂原子在原子水平上均匀分布的功能化炭气凝胶,无需制备有机气凝胶前驱物,极大缩短制备周期,并且炭气凝胶产物的比表面积相对更高,得到了科研界的广泛关注.     

25th Anniversary Article: “Cooking Carbon with Salt”: Carbon Materials and Carbonaceous Frameworks from Ionic Liquids and Poly(ionic liquid)s

This review surveys recent work on the use of ionic liquids (ILs) and polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) as precursors to synthesize functional carbon materials. As solvents or educts with negligible vapour pressure, these systems enable simple processing, composition, and structural control of the resulting carbons under rather simple and green synthesis conditions. Recent applications of the resulting nanocarbons across a multitude of fields, such as fuel cells, energy storage in batteries and supercapacitors, catalysis, separation, and sorption materials are highlighted.     

New Frontiers in Materials Science Opened by Ionic Liquids

Ionic liquids (ILs) including ambient‐temperature molten salts, which exist in the liquid state even at room temperature, have a long research history. However, their applications were once limited because ILs were considered as highly moisture‐sensitive solvents that should be handled in a glove box. After the first synthesis of moisture‐stable ILs in 1992, their unique physicochemical properties became known in all scientific fields. ILs are composed solely of ions and exhibit several specific liquid‐like properties, e.g., some ILs enable dissolution of insoluble bio‐related materials and the use as tailor‐made lubricants in industrial applications under extreme physicochemical conditions. Hybridization of ILs and other materials provides quasi‐solid materials, which can be used to fabricate highly functional devices. ILs are also used as reaction media for electrochemical and chemical synthesis of nanomaterials. In addition, the negligible vapor pressure of ILs allows the fabrication of electrochemical devices that are operated under ambient conditions, and many liquid‐vacuum technologies, such as X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of liquids, electron microscopy of liquids, and sputtering and physical vapor deposition onto liquids. In this article, we review recent studies on ILs that are employed as functional advanced materials, advanced mediums for materials production, and components for preparing highly functional materials.     

Wood-plastic composites based on HDPE and ionic liquid additives

The improvement of wood-plastic composites properties by additives and compatibilizers is a critical issue to produce value-added materials. High-density polyethylene-wood composites have been obtained through compression molding at 140 °C, using two types of additives, namely methyltrioctylammonium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinate room temperature ionic liquids. The ionic liquids improve the interfacial adhesion between the wood and the polymer phases, contributing to an increased stability of the material to water action and to an improved impact resistance and tensile strength in comparison with the reference. Also, the FTIR spectroscopy tests have proven a higher resistance of the ionic liquid-containing composites to accelerated photooxidation. Preliminary screening tests have also proven the antifungal character of the ionic liquids used in this study against brown rot (Postia placenta). This study opens new insights in the domain of polymeric composite materials, through documenting the possibility of blending new types of chemically distinct materials, difficult to be achieved by traditional functionalization/derivatization routes.     

磁性离子液体的制备与应用研究进展

磁性离子液体是一种新型的功能化离子液体材料,具有优良的热稳定性、优异的电化学性能、良好的溶解性能以及可回收性等特性,使其在萃取分离、反应催化和复合材料等领域具有较好的应用前景。对目前合成的磁性离子液体做了概述并根据构效关系对主要的磁性离子液体进行了分类。综述了磁性离子液体的主要制备方法,主要有一步合成法、二步合成法和辅助合成法。介绍了磁性离子液体在萃取分离、反应催化及碳纳米管复合材料领域应用研究进展。最后根据磁性离子液体在合成和应用中的不足做了展望。     

Preparation of AgX (X = Cl, I) nanoparticles using ionic liquids

Nanoparticles of silver halides have been prepared by mixing silver halide powder with a single liquid phase consisting of an ionic liquid, isooctane, n-decanol and water. Much higher nanoparticle concentrations may be formed with ionic liquids using this new simple method than are found with conventionally applied surfactants. This method also emphasizes the applicability of ionic liquids as versatile components in microemulsions and as solvents for the synthesis of nanomaterials. The effect on the nanoparticles of changing the composition of the liquid mixtures and the nature of the ionic liquid is analysed. High nanoparticle concentrations were only found with chloride based ionic liquids, indicating the importance of the ionic liquid anion in the mechanism of the reaction.