硫酸铜活化粉煤灰空心微珠的化学镀镍磷

粉煤灰空心微珠化学镀镍磷合金用作电磁吸波材料,成本低、吸波性能好。以硫酸铜代替氯化钯、硝酸银作活化剂,对空心微珠化学镀覆镍磷合金。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对空心微珠化学镀Ni-P合金前后的表面形貌、结构、成分进行表征分析。结果表明,粉煤灰空心微珠经硫酸铜活化后可以镀覆完整的Ni-P合金层,其主要成分是莫来石、单质Ni和Ni2P。     

空心微珠表面化镀Ni-P合金镀层研究

以硝酸银代替氯化钯为活化剂在空心微珠表面化学镀Ni-P合金镀层,用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、能谱仪(EDX)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)对其进行了分析表征,结果表明以硝酸银代替氯化钯为活化剂,在空心微珠表面能得到Ni-P合金镀层.并分析了以硝酸银代替氯化钯为活化剂制备Ni-P镀层的形成机理.     

玻璃纤维表面化学镀Ni-P合金涂层的研究

采用化学镀工艺在玻璃纤维表面包覆一层Ni-P合金涂层,用扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱仪、X射线衍射仪、热震实验对涂层的形貌、组成、结构和性能进行了表征.结果表明,玻璃纤维表面化学镀Ni-P合金涂层由直径为0.1～1μm的颗粒所组成,涂层厚度约为1～1.5μm.涂层与玻璃纤维之间的结合力好,电阻率达到1.25×10-3Ω·cm.化学镀玻璃纤维具有较好的导电性,可作为制备导电高分子材料的填料.     

空心玻璃微珠表面包覆Ni-P／Co-Fe-P复合镀层的研究

通过化学镀在空心玻璃微珠（HGM）表面沉积了镍磷合金颗粒镀层，利用偶联取代传统的粗化处理，结合适当的镀覆工艺实现了镀层与微珠的紧密结合并达到了均匀完整包覆；在此基础上，进行了镍磷镀层表面湿化学还原法包覆钴铁合金的研究。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱仪、X射线衍射仪及振动样品磁强计对包覆层的形貌、组成、晶体结构和改性后微珠的静磁性能进行了分析测试。结果表明，复合镀层由非晶态合金组成，其中镍磷镀层为单层颗粒膜，而后续沉积的钴铁合金镀层呈条带状生长于镍磷镀层表面；沉积钴铁合金后微珠的磁性有了明显改善。     

合金包覆空心微珠粉体吸波材料的制备

采用粉体化学镀技术,以AgNO3取代常见的贵金属盐PdC12作为活化剂、H2PO2-取代Sn2+作为还原剂,经一步前处理过程,在空心微珠表面包覆NiCoP合金.利用扫描电镜、能谱分析仪分别讨论包覆层的形貌和成分,表明NiCoP合金均匀包覆在空心微珠表面;X射线衍射和磁强计分析表明,未经热处理的包覆合金涂层为非晶态结构,无明显的铁磁性;经热处理后的包覆合金涂层转变为晶态结构,表现出较强的铁磁性,有利于吸收电磁波.最后,提出了这种改进工艺的一种可能的机理.     

空心玻璃微珠表面无钯活化化学镀镍工艺研究

空心玻璃微珠表面进行金属化处理后, 可以作为复合导电填料用于制备电磁屏蔽材料或吸波材料.采用无钯活化工艺在空心玻璃微珠表面实施了化学镀镍磷合金, 对影响镀速和镀液稳定性的因素进行了讨论,并利用环境扫描电子显微镜、X射线能量色散谱仪和X射线衍射对施镀前后空心玻璃微珠的表观形貌、成分和晶形变化进行了表征.结果表明,利用无钯活化法可以得到均匀的非晶态的镍磷合金镀层, 镀层光亮、包覆完整.还对空心玻璃微珠表面化学镀镍活化机理进行了分析.     

空心玻璃微珠无钯活化化学镀银的研究

采用一种特殊的空心玻璃微珠表面前处理方法,在化学镀银前进行碱洗、双氧水洗和γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH-550)偶联3步处理,使其表面同时达到较好的粗化、羟基化与氨基化效果,再对处理后的玻璃微珠实施化学镀银得到镀银空心玻璃微珠。借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱(EDS)和X射线衍射(XRD)测试手段对所得复合粉体的活化及偶联改性效果、镀层表面形貌和结构进行了表征。结果表明:与传统胶体钯活化法化学镀银相比,空心玻璃微珠经活化、偶联表面改性后化学镀银的镀层更为均匀、致密、导电性好。     

ICF用磁性聚苯乙烯靶丸的制备和性能研究

为了制备可以在磁场中悬浮的ICF(惯性约束聚变)靶丸,采用化学镀法对空心PS靶丸包覆Ni-P合金磁性镀层.化学镀Ni-P合金工艺条件为:NiSO4·6H2O为30g/L,NaH2PO2为30g/L,焦磷酸钠为60g/L,pH值为10.5,温度为40℃.采用SEM、DSC、VSM分析镀层结构、形貌以及磁性,结果表明:Ni-P镀层在PS微球表面沉积均匀,表面光滑;微球的饱和磁化强度为1.074×10-2 emu,所具有的磁性可使其在磁场中悬浮.     

防辐射聚酯布的化学镀制备与表征

采用化学镀方法在聚酯布表面沉积1层Ni-P合金,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、热重分析仪(TG)对镀层形貌、结构和性能进行表征。结果表明:聚酯布表面化学镀Ni-P合金由大小为0.1～1μm的微粒组成;镀层为非晶结构、热稳定性好、与聚酯布之间的结合力好;表面化学镀Ni-P合金后的聚酯布对频率20GHz的电磁波屏蔽效能可达到60dB,具有较好的电磁屏蔽效果。     

碳纳米管复合材料表面化学镀Ni-P合金

用化学镀的方法在多壁碳纳米管表面沉积Ni-P合金,制备了碳纳米管复合材料,并对制备的复合材料进行透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)表征.通过XRD分析表明,沉积在碳纳米管表面的Ni-P合金是非晶态的.TEM观察复合碳纳米管发现,在其表面沉积有分散均匀的纳米级金属颗粒,Ni-P合金呈球形,粒径大小约为20～30 nm.磁性测试结果为:其矫顽力是412.0 Oe,剩磁比为0.23.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from