磺酸型聚芴的合成及性能

利用迈克尔加成反应合成了2,7-二溴-9,9-二-(3-丙基酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸)芴单体,并通过Suzuki偶合反应制备了含不同磺酸比例的磺酸型聚芴(PF6SO3H)。通过核磁共振氢谱、凝胶渗透色谱、溶解性试验、紫外吸收光谱、荧光发射光谱、循环伏安曲线及热重分析法对聚合物结构和性能进行了表征分析。结果表明,成功合成了相对分子质量在3万~5万之间的磺酸型聚芴。发现随着磺酸型聚芴中磺酸基团含量的不同,聚合物在甲醇溶液中的溶解度不同,含有50%磺酸基团的PF6SO3H在甲醇中的溶解度达到了18mg/mL。磺酸侧链的引入使聚芴在薄膜状态和溶液状态下的紫外吸收最大吸收峰和最大荧光发射峰较聚(9,9-二己基)芴(PF6)发生了9nm~40nm红移,且能带隙逐渐变窄,同时磺酸型聚芴的HOMO较PF6增大。热失重分析发现磺酸侧链的引入,使得磺酸型聚芴的热稳定性较PF6有一定的下降。     

乙基橙偶氮聚合物全光开关特性的研究

用偶氮染料乙基橙ethyl orange为客体材料掺杂到主体材料聚乙烯醇(PVA)并用旋涂法制成了偶氮聚合物薄膜样品,用不同功率和不同调制频率的控制光 (532nm,CW) 和探测光(632.8nm, CW)实验研究了乙基橙聚合物薄膜样品的全光开关特性.研究结果表明,在室温下以及在几个毫瓦的弱功率和毫秒级控制光条件下,乙基橙聚合物薄膜具有45%以上的开关调制深度,最大的调制深度在90%以上;研究发现增大样品的掺杂含量可增强全光开关效应,但开关的本底信号也相应增大;选择合适的掺杂含量可获得较好的开关性能.     

乙基氰乙基纤维素溶液的高压静电场纺丝

研究了乙基氰乙基纤维素／四氢呋喃溶液((E-CE)C／THF)的高压静电场纺丝,制备出直径分布范围为0.25μm～0．75μm的纤维素纤维。通过对纺丝前的乙基氰乙基纤维素和纺丝后所得到的纤维的表征,证明了在高压静电场作用下,乙基氰乙基纤维素分子结构未发生变化。高压静电场作用后乙基氰乙基纤维素结晶度随电场强度的增加先增加后减小。同时,用SEM进一步表征了乙基氰乙基纤维素纤维的结构。     

乙基纤维素液晶共混膜的结构与富氧性能

研究了乙基纤维素(EC)的二氯乙酸或冰乙酸溶液液晶结构及溶液浇铸EC/低分子液晶共混膜的结构与富氧性能。结果表明,EC的溶致液晶态呈现Maltese黑十字消光的球晶形态,而且球晶上带有同心圆环的规则指纹结构,有时也呈现无规指纹结构(胆甾液晶特征结构);电场的施加或低分子液晶含量的加大,可使氧气透过系数显著加大,而温度上升却使氧气透过系数和氧氮分离系数同时加大。     

异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯反应增容聚己二酸-对苯二甲酸丁二酯/聚乳酸生物降解阻隔膜的结构与性能

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)为聚己二酸-对苯二甲酸丁二酯/聚乳酸(PBAT/PLA)共混物的增容剂,通过熔融共混法制备了PBAT/PLA/IPDI共混粒子并吹制得到薄膜。采用红外光谱、扫描电镜、差示扫描量热分析、拉伸试验、热重分析和水蒸气透过率测试等研究了不同含量IPDI对共混薄膜形态结构、结晶性能、力学性能、热性能和阻隔性能的影响。结果表明,IPDI的异氰酸酯基团能与PBAT和PLA发生化学反应,分散相尺寸变小,两相界面变得模糊,有效改善了共混物的相容性。随着IPDI含量的增加,共混物中PBAT的结晶度升高,薄膜的拉伸强度逐渐增大,水蒸气阻隔性能呈现先增大后减小的趋势。当IPDI质量分数为0.5%时,PBAT/PLA/IPDI薄膜的横纵向拉伸强度相较于纯PBAT/PLA薄膜分别提升了74.2%和28.6%,断裂伸长率维持在790%和244%,水蒸气透过率降低了38.2%,表现出良好的力学和水蒸气阻隔等综合性能。     

光交联壳聚糖-(PVA-SbQ)共混膜的制备与性能表征

聚乙烯醇一苯乙烯基吡啶盐缩合物(PVA-SbQ)是一种新型光敏聚合物,在紫外光诱导下发生光二聚反应形成大分子网状结构.通过溶液共混法,在壳聚糖(CS)膜中引入具有光二聚特性的PVA-SbQ,成膜后在紫外灯辐照下进行光交联反应,制备了光交联壳聚糖-(PVA-SbQ)共混膜.用扫描电镜、X射线衍射、傅立叶红外等对膜的结构进行表征,并对膜的力学性能、吸湿率、透光率等性能进行研究.实验结果表明:光交联壳聚糖-(PVA-SbQ)共混膜的表面形态比较独特;CS与PVA-SbQ分子间存在一定的氢键相互作用;光交联后,共混膜形成网状结构,有效地改善了壳聚糖膜的力学性能、吸湿性和紫外屏蔽性能.     

PBS/PHB聚酯材料的生物降解性

将不同比例的聚丁二酸丁二醇酯/聚羟基丁酸酯(PBS/PHB)共混物分别放入陕西当地的土壤培养液和熟化过的堆肥培养液中进行微生物兹化反应,以研究它们的降解性,并通过Tg、X射线衍射(WAXD)、扫描电镜(SEM)对共混物的热稳定性、结晶度、表面形态进行了研究。结果表明,共混物在堆肥培养液中降解60d后的质量损失率达到62%,比纯PBS快,且随着PHB含量的增加,降解速度随之加快;共混物在土壤培养液中的降解趋势相同;对降解前后膜的表面形态观察发现,在土壤培养液中膜降解后有较明显的微生物侵蚀痕迹,在堆肥培养液中则出现了较大的孔洞。     

TEACHP-S/PVA共混物上浆性能的研究

以3-氯-2-羟丙基三乙基氯化铵为阳离子醚化剂合成氯化三乙基铵羟丙基淀粉(TEACHP-S),研究聚乙烯醇(PVA)的共混比例对共混物浆液黏度、粘合强度及共混膜力学性能的影响,评价这种共混物的上浆性能。实验结果表明:随着PVA共混比的增加,浆液黏度降低,共混膜断裂伸长和断裂功显著增加,断裂强度减小,韧性增大,对涤纶纤维的粘合强度明显提高。     

超临界反溶剂过程制备乙基纤维素超细微粒

超临界反溶剂过程是近年来提出的一种制备纳微米粉体材料的新方法.文中利用超临界反溶剂过程制备乙基纤维素超细微粒.实验以乙醇为有机溶剂,超临界CO2为反溶剂,研究了操作压力、温度、溶液浓度、反溶剂流量等操作参数对制备的超细微粒的形态、粒径及其分布的影响.研究表明,采用乙醇作为有机溶剂可得到较理想的结果,能制备出平均直径在20 nm～40 nm范围内的乙基纤维素超细微粒.通过傅立叶红外光谱分析了乙基纤维素超细微粒结构,从特征基判断其结构未发生变化.     

PVC/α-MSAN/ABS共混物的力学性能与形态结构

采用熔融共混的方法将聚氯乙烯(PVC)树脂、α-甲基苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(α-MSAN)和丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯接枝共聚物(ABS)共混,通过改变共混物的组成,制备了一系列不同橡胶含量和基体组成的PVC/α-MSAN/ABS共混物,研究了共混物的力学性能及形变机理。结果发现,随着基体树脂中PVC含量的增加,共混物的冲击韧性显著提高,而拉伸强度逐渐降低,同时促使共混物发生脆韧转变所需的橡胶含量逐渐减少。形态结构研究表明,由于基体树脂链缠结密度的增加,共混物的形变机理逐渐由银纹向剪切屈服转变,进而导致体系韧性的增加。     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to     

Win-Win Cooperation

正The Chinese Premier Li Keqiang's recent trip to the UK has reinforced the China-UK comprehensive strategic partnership;just as the British Prime Minister David Cameron put it,"the relationship is gaining in strength,depth and understanding"after a bucket of business deals being inked worth more than 30 billion US dollars.From the first agreement signing in 2004 to the new agreement of mutual standards recognition and adoption in     

Systematic Approach for Emerging Industry

正A national directory of standards complexes for strategic emerging sectors was recently developed and released jointly by 12governmental departments,namely,SAC,NDRC,MOST,MIIT,MEP,MOA,AQSIQ,State Forest Administration,State Administration of Science and Technology for National Defense,State Oceanic Administration and National Railway Administration.     

Strictest Pollutants Emission Standards

正Four new national standards on air pollutant emission control offi cially issued by the Ministry of Environment Protection(MEP)together with AQSIQ and SAC has been brought into force from July 1,2014.The Emission standard for air pollutants of coal-burning,oil-burning and gasfi red boilers,which is the strictest emission standard historically,will tackle the stubborn pollution problem of boilers and waste incineration in most of China’s regions.     

Instructions to Authors

New Carbon Materials is a bimonthly journal published with the permission of the Ministry of Science and Technology and of the State News and Publication Agency.The journal is sponsored by the Institute of Coal Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and is published by Science Press.Aims and Scope     

Progress on Standards Copyright Protection

正Recently,National Copyright Administration of China(NCAC)has rewarded 215 organizations and 179 individuals for their outstanding efforts on investigating standards copyright infringement and piracy in 2013.Hua Jianhua,the Deputy-Director of National Standards Copyright Protection Workgroup Office won a third prize of the national individual award.In 2012,SAC set up the national standards copyright protection working group,and developed policies to crack down standards infringement and piracy behaviors and to strengthen standards copyright protection.