直通单座控制阀流场的数值模拟与结构改进

应用SOLIDWORKS和CFD软件,对直通单座控制阀建立了3D流道模型,并对控制阀在相同压差不同开度的内部三维粘性流场进行了数值模拟,分析了流量系数与阀门开度的关系,并与文献进行了比较,验证了文中所建的模型和方法的可靠性。并且根据不同开度下控制阀内部流场的压力和速度云图、速度等值线图和矢量图等可视化图形,对流场进行了分析。对控制阀内能量损失严重的部位进行流道优化改进和模拟,并与改进前的流道进行了比较,为控制阀优化设计提供了依据。     

一种螺旋流道辊的数值模拟及结构优化

对已有的螺旋流道辊模型进行合理简化,运用流场仿真软件Fluent对流道辊的温度场进行了仿真分析,得到了流道辊的温度场,从而得到了流道辊内流体速率、流体温度场、辊筒表面温度场等。通过分析模拟仿真结果,得到了辊筒外表面温度不均匀的原因,并在此基础上,以提高辊筒外表面的温度分布均匀性为目标,对流道结构进行多次改进,找出一种最佳方案,明显改善了辊筒端部的温度分布均匀性,使辊面的有效利用长度延长了约50 mm。     

角式调节阀流量特性的数值模拟及分析

以角式调节阀为研究对象,应用CFD软件对其内部流场进行了三维数值模拟,得到了流量特性曲线、流道内的速度场及压力场分布。通过不同流向时的流动特性对比分析,说明流闭型可相对提高流量系数。     

DN300型套筒式调节阀流量特性试验与数值模拟研究

介绍了套筒调节阀的流量调节原理,以DN 300型套筒调节阀为试验对象,基于阀门流量流阻试验装置进行了额定流量系数和流量特性试验,并采用CFD流场分析软件进行了流场数值模拟计算,拟合得到了阀门在不同开度下的流量特性曲线。研究结果表明：该型调节阀的为线性流量特性,实测额定流量系数K_v=906,数值模拟计算结果为842.51;实测与数值模拟计算结果的最大相对误差为7%,试验测试验证了数值模拟计算的准确性。     

基于框架设计的液流电池流场优化模拟研究

液流电池通常采用对角平推流流场,会形成电解液滞留区,造成电池局部浓差极化大,影响综合性能。鉴于此,提出了一种基于框架设计的流场优化方法,通过设计电极框架,可以得到“蛇形流道”和“平行流道”两类流场。以全钒液流电池为例,通过数学建模,研究了不同流场结构和参数对于多孔电极内电解液流动特性、电化学反应和温度变化特性的影响规律。计算结果与实验结果一致性良好,结果表明：电解液在“平行流场”内的流动均匀性比在“蛇形流场”内好,且不存在滞留区,同时在“平行流场”内浓差极化也较“蛇形流场”低;此外,对于同样的电极面积,在电极内部的“平行流道”越多,电解液的流速分布越均匀,反应特性越好。     

基于框架设计的液流电池流场优化模拟研究

液流电池通常采用对角平推流流场,会形成电解液滞留区,造成电池局部浓差极化大,影响综合性能。鉴于此,提出了一种基于框架设计的流场优化方法,通过设计电极框架,可以得到"蛇形流道"和"平行流道"两类流场。以全钒液流电池为例,通过数学建模,研究了不同流场结构和参数对于多孔电极内电解液流动特性、电化学反应和温度变化特性的影响规律。计算结果与实验结果一致性良好,结果表明:电解液在"平行流场"内的流动均匀性比在"蛇形流场"内好,且不存在滞留区,同时在"平行流场"内浓差极化也较"蛇形流场"低;此外,对于同样的电极面积,在电极内部的"平行流道"越多,电解液的流速分布越均匀,反应特性越好。     

调节阀流场CFD数值模拟与流道优化

应用三维建模软件对某一广泛应用的套筒型调节阀内部流场建立模型,通过前处理器生成计算网格,应用CFD软件进行离散求解,得到调节阀内部流场的可视化图形,数值模拟不同开度下流量,得到调节阀的流量特性曲线,并与试验测定的数据进行比较分析。结果表明,模拟值与试验值吻合较好,并对流道进行了结构优化,获得了能耗更低的流道结构。     

带有导流翼的板翅式换热器封头结构优化研究

针对板翅式换热器封头内部流场分布不合理和流道流量不均匀分配的现象,提出了一种新型导流翼封头结构的改造方案。采用CFD方法对该封头结构改进前后的流场进行数值计算与分析,证明了导流翼的应用使换热器封头流道的流量分配的均匀性得到很大改善,使得封头内部流场分布更加合理。模拟研究还发现通过改变导流翼片的安装参数可有效地改善换热器封头内部物流分配特性,当导流翼角为70°、翼片顶端安装距离为6 mm时为最佳导流翼片结构安装参数组合,文中原始模型的模拟结果与相关文献中封头的实验结果数据吻合很好,从而验证了该数值模拟研究中物理模型与数值模型的合理性与准确性,此封头结构的研究结论对板翅式换热器的优化设计具有重要意义。     

压力补偿滴头内流场的数值模拟

压力补偿滴头流道狭窄,常规手段难以满足流场测试要求.基于计算流体动力学理论的数值仿真研究流道内流体流动是一个行之有效的方法,利用N-S(Navier-Stokes)方程描述滴头内流场,建立流体流动模型,通过对模型求解得到流场压力、速度分布,使流场中的复杂流动"可视化",减少实物实验的次数,实现滴灌滴头低成本、高效率开发.     

收敛流道内聚合物熔体流动的有限元模拟

利用Polyflow软件包,对收敛流道内聚合物熔体的三维流动进行了模拟,得出了压力、速度、剪切速率和延伸应变速率的分布.在此基础上,对熔体在收敛流道内的流动规律及特点进行了分析.这为流场参数的控制和机头结构的优化设计和改进提供了理论依据.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。