全球粉末冶金数据库升级

2004年由欧洲粉末冶金协会及其北美和日本的兄弟机构共同创办了粉末冶金在线数据库GPMD。GPMD拥有自己的网址，可提供所有市面出售的粉末冶金材料的翔实的物理、力学及疲劳数据。数据以对用户友好格式显示，而且可以将其某些信息以标准FEA数据包下载。[第一段]     

一种新型滑板材料的研制及性能研究

采用粉末冶金／挤压的方法制作了一种新型的Cu-C滑动集电材料，对该材料的机械性能进行了检测，结果证明该材料具有较高的抗拉强度，适中的表面硬度，较低的电阻率，是一种较为优良的电力机车滑板材料。将其性能测试民铁标要求对比，优于铁标的要求。     

粉末合金活性阴极的电催化性能

用粉末冶金的方法制得具有较低氢超电位活性阴极，并研究了不同配比的活性阴极的电化学性能和电极的表面形貌，实验结果表明，用粉末冶金的方法制得的阴极具有较高的活性，可使析氢反应超电位降低200－250mV，是一种有广阔应用前景的阴极材料。     

等静压技术在粉冶金材料生产中的应用

介绍了等静压技术的发展概况、原理与类别，着重评述了该技术在粉末冶金材料生产中的应用及对材料组织材料性能的影响。     

确定厚壁圆筒初始屈服压力的一种实验方法

基于厚壁圆筒的弹性失效准则所确定的圆筒的初始屈服压力与材料的屈服极限的关系，设计了一种测定厚壁圆筒初始屈服压力的实验方法，并测得了一组实验数据。通过对该实验数据的分析得到了圆筒的初始屈服压力。该实验值与理论值误差较小，表明了该实验方法具有较好的可靠性。     

砂浆材料SHPB实验及惯性效应的数值模拟研究

进行了砂浆材料在不同应变率下的SHPB实验,拟合实验数据得到了动态强度放大因子DIF随应变率变化的关系曲线。基于实验测得应变率时程曲线,采用简化有限元模型,对实验进行了数值模拟。该文探讨了动态压缩实验中惯性效应产生的原因,并基于数值模拟对本实验中惯性效应对材料动态强度的影响进行了剥离,得到了砂浆材料动态强度放大因子随应变率变化的固有特性曲线,并将该固有特性曲线作为数值模拟中应变率效应的输入,计算结果与实验得到的应力-应变曲线吻合较好。进一步通过比较输入CEB推荐曲线和已有半经验公式的模拟结果,验证了所提出砂浆材料动态强度放大因子固有特性曲线的优越性。     

粉末冶金多孔铝的研究进展

粉末冶金多孔铝材料具有质轻、耐腐蚀、孔隙均匀可控、比表面积大、近净成形等优点，可用于含油轴承、过滤器、热管毛细芯、铝空气电池电极、金属电极集流体、吸能材料、催化剂载体等产品，在航空航天、电子、新能源等领域具有很大的应用潜力。由于铝活性较高，铝粉表面极易形成一层致密的氧化膜，阻碍烧结扩散的进行，严重影响粉末冶金多孔铝的性能。本文综述了烧结助剂和烧结工艺对粉末冶金多孔铝表面氧化膜破除机理的研究现状，重点介绍了压制烧结、松装烧结、放电等离子体烧结、浆料涂覆烧结法和非水基凝胶注模成形法等五种制备方法，探讨了粉末冶金多孔铝的研究方向，并对其发展趋势进行了展望，以期为粉末冶金多孔铝的发展提供借鉴。     

大块非晶合金制备新技术--非晶粉末固结成形法

大块非晶材料是一种高性能的结构材料，并具有优异的软磁性能，综述了大块非晶材料的发展过程及应用现状，对快速凝固粉末冶金技术（RS/RM）在大块非晶材料制备方面的重要作用进行了评述。     

碳纤维增强铜基复合材料的性能研究

采用粉末冶金法制备了短碳纤维增强铜基复合材料。经对不同碳纤维含量试样的硬度及导电性能的测定，并在干摩擦的条件下研究了碳纤维增强铜基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能，同时对磨损表面的微观结构进行观察来分析其磨损机理。实验结果表明，随着碳纤维含量的增加，该材料的硬度和耐磨性均有所增加，但其导电性有所下降。     

关于材料屈服强度的实验研究

基于厚壁圆筒的弹性失效准则所确定的圆筒的初始屈服压力与材料的屈服极限的关系,设计了一种测定材料屈服极限的实验方法,并测得了一组实验数据.通过对该实验数据的分析得到了圆筒的初始屈服压力,最终求得了材料的屈服极限.由于该实验值与理论值误差较小,表明了该实验方法具有较好的可靠性.该方法对研究材料的力学性能及压力容器的失效规律具有一定的工程实际意义和理论价值.     

Evaluation of Static and Dynamic Cushioning Properties of Polyethylene Foam for Determining Its Cushion Curves

A comparison of static and dynamic cushioning properties of polyethylene foam is discussed in this paper. A dynamic factor function is defined and obtained from the analysis on the experimental data from compression and cushion tests. The deformation energy per unit volume is taken into consideration to make an estimate of the maximum strain and dynamic stress data in an impact, and the peak acceleration can be predicted from the compression data corrected for the dynamic effects by the dynamic factor function. Then, the cushion curves at almost every test condition, such as different drop heights or thickness of cushioning material, can be approximated by a specially developed computer code using Matlab. This research can assist in determining the accuracy of cushion curves for all variants of a particular cushioning material from the dynamic factor function and compression test data. This new procedure will greatly simplify the experimental process for determining cushion curves. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Field-Induced Gap in the Spin-1/2 Heisenberg Chain Compound Cu-Pyrimidine Dinitrate: ESR Studies in Magnetic Fields up to 63 T

Results of electron spin resonance studies of copper pyrimidine dinitrate (Cu-PM, [PM-Cu(NO₃)₂(H₂O)₂] _n , PM = pyrimidine), a spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic chain material with alternating g-tensor and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions, in pulsed magnetic fields up to 63 T are reported. The field-induced gap shows a non-monotonic behavior with a minimum in the vicinity of the saturation field H _sat =48.5 T. This is associated with a transition from the sine-Gordon region to a spin-polarized state with magnon excitations. By comparing the entire set of experimental data with results of density matrix renormalization group calculations for Cu-PM, the validity of the used theoretical approach is proven.     

EPE和EVA发泡缓冲材料吸能特性表征

研究了EPE和EVA两种发泡缓冲材料在动态冲击下的吸能特性。将落锤冲击试验得到的载荷位移数据进行处理,绘制得到了动态应力-应变曲线和动态能量吸收曲线,并重点讨论了材料厚度、密度和多次冲击等因素影响下的曲线特征。结果表明,密度和多次冲击对吸能特性影响显著。研究结论为产品包装材料合理选择和优化设计提供科学依据。     

多层瓦楞纸板动态缓冲性能首次冲击模型的建立

以重型商品包装中广为采用的多层组合瓦楞纸板为对象,根据组合瓦楞纸板在温、湿度控制条件下缓冲性能的动态测试数据,建立了其动态缓冲性能首次冲击模型.,揭示了这种材料在外部冲击激励下的动力学响应规律.依据瓦楞纸板材料缓冲性能的粘弹塑性模型,由实测数据识别了模型参数.这种模型仅依据一组或两组材料密度、瓦楞数、跌落高度、变形种类和静应力条件的实测数据即可识别模型参数,较全面反映组合瓦楞纸板在首次冲击时的动力学性态.     

一种描述材料动态缓冲特性的新参数

本文对木材动态缓冲特性进行了实验研究,对GB8167－87包装用缓冲材料的动态压缩试验方法进行了有益的补充,得到了木材动态缓冲特性,提出了一个表征材料动态缓冲特性的新参数。     

Validation of the photomechanical spalling test in the case of non-linear dynamic response: Application to a granite rock

In this paper, the use of the virtual fields method for the identification of a strongly asymmetric compression–tension response of rock-like materials under dynamic tensile loading is investigated. The photomechanical spalling set-up is used, which induces an indirect tensile load in a non-balanced sample, and the inertial component of the test is directly related to the measured dynamic stress with no previous assumption on the material behaviour. This experimental method provides a direct route to identifying the material asymmetric constitutive response in compression and tension under a uniaxial stress state as well as the material non-linear response after tensile strength is reached. To validate this approach, the entire measurement chain for the case of a post-peak response is investigated through simulated experiments that incorporate a damage model and synthetic grid images. Finally, the method is applied to the case of granite rock, namely, a Bohus granite, as to directly measure the material asymmetric compression–tension and the softening response after peak tensile stress.     

缓冲材料静态压缩试验数据处理辅助软件的开发

针对使用电子式包装件压力试验机测得的缓冲材料静态压缩试验数据存在的缺陷,结合缓冲包装设计的需要,运用Visual Basic编程语言开发了专门用于缓冲材料静态压缩试验数据处理软件,输入试验机测得的数据,即可方便的得到缓冲材料的应力应变曲线、缓冲系数应力、缓冲系数应变曲线,精度较高,有效的提高了数据处理和绘图的效率.     

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Composite Folded Sandwich Core Structures Under Compression

The characterisation of the mechanical behaviour of folded core structures for advanced sandwich composites under flatwise compression load using a virtual testing approach is presented. In this context dynamic compression test simulations with the explicit solvers PAM-CRASH and LS-DYNA are compared to experimental data of two different folded core structures made of aramid paper and carbon fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP). The focus of the investigations is the constitutive modelling of the cell wall material, the consideration of imperfections and the representation of cell wall buckling, folding or crushing phenomena. The consistency of the numerical results shows that this can be a promising and efficient approach for the determination of the effective mechanical properties and a cell geometry optimisation of folded core structures.     

EPO材料缓冲性能的探究

目的通过试验对比EPE,EPS,EPO等3种材料缓冲性能的优劣。方法对一定规格的3种材料试样进行静态压缩试验、动态压缩试验,并结合Ansys有限元仿真技术,进行数据处理分析。结果在静态缓冲特性试验中,当材料所受应力大于3.5 kPa且小于180 kPa时,EPO与EPE及EPS的静态缓冲性能系数大小关系为EPEEPOEPS;当应力小于3.5 kPa或者大于180 kPa时,EPO的静态缓冲系数最小,即此时EPO的静态缓冲性能优于EPE和EPS。从动态缓冲特性试验中可知,静应力小于10 kPa时,3种材料的缓冲性能大小为EPSEPOEPE;当静应力大于14kPa时,缓冲性能大小排序为EPSEPOEPE;静应力大小介于10 kPa和14 kPa之间时,3种材料具有相似的缓冲效果。EPO材料动态缓冲特性处于EPE以及EPS之间,当静应力较大时,EPO呈现出与EPE更相近的性能,缓冲性能较EPS有所提升。结论经测试比较,EPO材料具有较好的缓冲性能,某些环境下可以作为新缓冲包装材料使用,未来有较好的发展前景。     

Impact-induced fatigue of foamed polymers

The fatigue life of foamed polymers in compression impact was measured using a cam-driven compound pendulum system. Impact-induced fatigue data are presented for two open-celled foamed polymers having different densities, which are often used for shock mitigation. Material measurements at constant incident energy included the static compression modulus and peak dynamic stress, which progressively degraded as the number of impacts approached one million. Other indicators of fatigue life were cell breakdown, in which microscopic edge cracks were observed in both dry and water-saturated test specimens. The dry material had the longer fatigue life. In both cases, cell breakdown occurred after a million or more impacts at peak compressive stresses in the 200–300 kN/m² range.