深部大规模松软围岩巷道破坏分区理论分析

综合考虑巷道破坏特征及典型软岩应力应变曲线特征,对深部巷道松软围岩进行破坏分区,提出了适合破坏分区的四线段本构模型,建立了深部大规模松软围岩巷道应力分析的力学模型,推导了不同破坏分区应力解,得出了界定各破坏分区范围的表达式,结合具体工程验证了巷道破坏分区划分的正确性和合理性.研究表明:深部松软巷道围岩自巷道向外分别为塑性流动区、应变软化区、塑性硬化区和弹性区4个分区,各分区临界应力满足Mohr-Coulomb准则;围岩塑性区的范围随支护阻力、应变硬化系数、应变软化系数以及内摩擦角的增大而减小,随扩容系数的增大而增大;各分区范围的理论解能够有效指导支护设计,实现对深部大规模松软围岩巷道的长期稳定.     

软化岩体中巷道围岩塑性区分析

本文以岩体的全应力－应变曲线为基础，建立了反映岩体出现塑性破坏后强度降低特点的力学模型，得到了巷道围岩塑性区半径和应力的明确解答。通过与现有其它力学模型的比较证明，本文提出的巷道围岩塑性区半径计算公式更为合理可靠，有更广泛的适用性。     

采用总荷载不变法的非静水压隧道摄动拓展解

为描述实际地应力场下隧道塑性区演化规律和支护设计原则,基于Mohr-Coulomb准则和弹-脆-塑性模型,采用总荷载不变法并引入弹性区应力摄动解,建立了非静水压力下圆形隧道水平轴和竖向轴处的塑性区半径方程,继而利用几何相似原理拓展至其他方位角处,并与文献总荷载不变法(以应力基尔希公式为基础)、Kastner法、复变函数法和实测数据进行对比,结合非关联流动法则推导塑性区位移解析解,探讨侧压力系数与脆性软化对隧道塑性区边界线、塑性区位移分布和围岩特征曲线的影响特性。结果表明：相比文献总荷载不变法和Kastner法,2阶摄动解作为非静水压圆形隧道的弹性区应力表达式更合理,且得到复变函数法的正确性验证;侧压力系数对隧道塑性区边界线的形状和范围均有明显影响,需针对具体方位角选择支护类型和尺寸以调控收敛约束交点处的支护压力与围岩稳定变形;隧道塑性区半径和洞壁位移随围岩峰后强度的降低而显著增加,宜使用弹-脆-塑性模型构建围岩特征曲线。     

软岩巷道锚注支护结构蠕变分析

对锚注前软岩巷道围岩应力状态进行弹塑性分析,计算出锚注前围岩残余强度区半径;在此残余强度区内进行注浆,并将注浆区再细化为弹性区和塑性区,引入岩石蠕变的鲍尔丁-汤姆逊模型,建立了软岩巷道锚注支护结构的蠕变分析模型,采用塑性区岩体体积不变的假设,对锚注支护结构进行了黏弹性分析和黏塑性分析,推导出软岩巷道锚注支护结构应力及位移的蠕变公式.理论分析与相似模拟结果表明:软岩巷道锚注支护结构弹性区应力与时间无关,塑性区应力随时间而变化;弹性区、塑性区位移随时间的推移而不断增大,最后趋于一定值,且塑性区位移与半径成反比关系.     

应变非线性软化的预应力衬砌隧洞弹塑性应力解

基于岩体单轴应变非线性软化本构模型,采用全量理论将其推广,获得考虑中间主应力影响的复杂应力状态下的岩体等效应力和等效应变关系,由此对灌浆式预应力衬砌隧洞进行弹塑性分析.指出预应力作用下围岩可能处于弹性或弹塑性两种状态,给出了两种情况下围岩压力、塑性区半径及衬砌应力的解析计算式,得到了围岩产生塑性变形的临界灌浆压力,并结合某工程进行了具体分析.     

Hoek-Brown强度准则的非圆形隧道塑性区半径预测

应用Hoek-Brown强度准则判断围岩塑性区具有很多优势,但应用起来繁琐,因此提出将Hoek-Brown强度准则的应变软化模型应用于隧道塑性区分析中,推导得到非圆形隧道的塑性区半径表达式.以重庆兴隆隧道为依托,采取四种不同的等代圆方法计算塑性区半径,并与现场声波探测结果得到的松动圈半径进行对比,发现采用Hoek-Brown应变软化模型分析围岩塑性区时计算得到结果与现场实测结果最为接近,验证了运用考虑应变软化的Hoek-Brown强度准则计算围岩塑性区半径的方法是可行的.     

浅埋软岩段隧道进洞施工变形特征与失稳分析

为研究隧道开挖过程中浅埋软岩段塌方变形特征,对隧道地质情况进行有效辨识,结合隧道施工过程围岩监测数据,并依据地质雷达探测结果建立三维数值模型并进行数值分析。研究结果表明:在隧道开挖阶段,拱底与拱顶位置均出现明显塑性区,伴随掌子面逐渐靠近围岩破碎区域,塑性区范围逐渐扩大并向拱顶右上方及围岩内部转移,破碎区域应力水平较低且位移显著增大,围岩完整性大大降低;不良地质构造是隧道发生塌方大变形的主要原因,降雨和地表水的入渗劣化围岩力学性质加速了隧道灾害的发生。对于隧道五级围岩浅埋段施工,应加强监控量测分析并及时做出预警,对关键部位开展超前地质预报工作。研究结果可以指导隧道塌方灾害的防治,对于实现隧道信息化施工具有借鉴意义。     

双模量-强度跌落耦合特征下深部围岩应力场演化

深部地下空间开发在深地能源贮存与开采、生态圈与地下生态城市等领域都有着巨大的潜在价值.针对深部均匀应力场作用下圆形硐室开挖,采用拉压双模量理论和弹性-脆性-理想塑性本构模型,推演了不同远场应力和内压力下围岩的应力解析解及塑性区边界方程,详细分析了围岩弹塑性应力场和塑性区随弹性常数比及残余强度系数的变化规律.结果表明:内...     

隧洞支护效应的探讨

基于弹性理论,对隧洞开挖后和进行喷锚支护后的应力和塑性变形进行分析。运用FLAC 3D模拟了隧道开挖与支护过程中的力学行为,得到隧道在无支护和喷锚支护作用下围岩的塑性及应力变形情况。结果表明,在喷锚支护中,对锚杆施加预应力,其值为当隧道塑性区消失时所需支护力的大小。这种支护提高了围岩的自承能力,使围岩塑性区的扩展在隧道开挖不久就得到有效抑制,能有制止隧道围岩的进一步破坏。     

圆形巷道围岩偏应力场及塑性区分布规律研究

以弹塑性力学中的圆孔应力解和塑性力学的偏应力理论为基础,利用莫尔-库仑强度准则,研究了围岩偏应力场和塑性区分布规律,得到了非均匀应力场下圆形巷道围岩偏应力的计算式和塑性区半径计算方法.结果表明:巷道埋深、极坐标r、极坐标θ和侧压系数与最大和最小主偏应力的大小曲线分别呈线性分布、"八"字型分布、"笔尖"型和"X"型分布;侧压系数小于、等于和大于1.0时,会出现不同形态的蝶形塑性区;随着侧压系数的增大,塑性区边界各位置的最大主偏应力会逐渐增大,而最小主偏应力却逐渐减小,两者之间的差值越来越大;内摩擦角、内聚力和圆形巷道半径的增加,都会导致塑性区半径的减小.     

Zonal disintegration phenomenon in rock mass surrounding deep tunnels

Zonal disintegration is a typical static phenomenon of deep rock masses. It has been defined as alternating regions of fractured and relatively intact rock mass that appear around or in front of the working stope during excavation of a deep tunnel. Zonal disintegration phenomenon was successfully demonstrated in the laboratory with 3D tests on analogous gypsum models, two circular cracked zones were observed in the test. The linear Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion was used with a constitutive model that showed linear softening and ideal residual plastic to analyze the elasto-plastic field of the enclosing rock mass around a deep tunnel. The results show that tunneling causes a maximum stress zone to appear between an elastic and plastic zone in the surrounding rock. The zonal disintegration phenomenon is analyzed by considering the stress-strain state of the rock mass in the vicinity of the maximum stress zone. Creep instability failure of the rock due to the development of the plastic zone, and transfer of the maximum stress zone into the rock mass, are the cause of zonal disintegration. An analytical criterion for the critical depth at which zonal disintegration can occur is derived. This depth depends mainly on the character and stress concentration coefficient of the rock mass.     

对轴对称荷载作用圆巷围岩理想弹塑性分析解的讨论

对轴对称荷载作用圆巷围岩理想弹塑性分析解——Kastner解适用于软岩和小变形情况,若用于非软岩和大变形情况,从Kastner方程会导得：不论巷道围岩塑性变形多大,巷道周边切应力恒等于岩体峰值强度;围岩所承受的地应力可以随围岩塑性区半径增大而持续增大,随巷道周边位移增大而持续增大;此外,Kastner解中切应力分布曲线在围岩弹、塑性区交界处有尖峰向上的应力集中.采用符合岩石实际的弹性、非线性硬化和软化光滑连接的应力-应变关系得到的巷道围岩分析解,可以弥补以上三点不足,恰当地反映巷道临界深度和巷道围岩自承地应力极限问题;所绘出的切应力分布曲线在围岩弹、塑性区交界处光滑连接,因而有更广的适用性和精确性,对巷、隧道围岩大变形支护设计有参考作用.     

Mechanism of zonal disintegration phenomenon in enclosing rock mass around deep tunnels

In order to study the mechanism of the zonal disintegration phenomenon (ZDP), both experimental and theoretical investigations were carried out. Firstly, based on the similarity law, gypsum was chosen as equivalent material to simulate the deep rock mass, the excavation of deep tunnel was modeled by drilling a hole in the gypsum models, two circular cracked zones were measured in the model, and ZDP in the enclosing rock mass around deep tunnel was simulated in 3D gypsum model tests. Secondly, based on the elasto-plastic analysis of the stressed-strained state of the surrounding rock mass with the improved Hoek-Brown strength criterion and the bilinear constitutive model, the maximum stress zone occurred in vicinity of the elastic-plastic interface due to the excavation of the deep tunnel, rock material in maximum stress zone is in the approximate uniaxial loading state owing to the larger tangential force and smaller radial force, the mechanism of ZDP was explained, which lay in the creep instability failure of rock mass due to the development of plastic zone and transfer of the maximum stress zone within the rock mass. Thirdly, the analytical critical depth for the occurrence of ZDP was obtained, which depended on the mechanical indices and stress concentration coefficient of rock mass. Foundation item: Projects(50525825, 90815010) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project(2009CB724608) supported by the Major state Basic Research Development Program of China     

Elasto-plastic Analysis of Circular Tunnels in Jointed Rock Masses Satisfy the Hoek-Brown Failure Criterion

The relationship between the Hoek-Brown parameters and the mechanical response of circular tunnels is illustrated. Closed-form and approximate solutions are given for the extent of the plastic zone and the stress and displacement fields under axisymmetrical and asymmetric stress conditions. For the same rock masses and under axisymmetrical stress conditions, the radius of the plastic zone in terms of Hoek-Brown criterion is generally an approximation of the radius in terms of the Mohr-Coulomb criterion. The radius in terms of the Hoek-Brown criterion is larger under low stress conditions. For poor quality rock masses （GSI〈25）, measures （such as grouting, setting rock bolts, etc.） that improve the GSI of rock masses are effective in improving the stability of tunnels. It is not advisable to improve the stability of the tunnels by providing a small support resistance p through shotcrete, except for very poor quality jointed rock masses. Without reference to the quality of the rock mass, the disturbance factor D should not less than 0.5. Measures which disturb rock masses during tunnel construction should be taken carefully when the tunnel depth increases.     

Zonal disintegration mechanism of isotropic rock masses around a deep spherical tunnel

In order to investigate zonal disintegration mechanism of isotropic rock masses around a deep spherical tunnel, a new mechanical model subjected to dynamic unloading under hydrostatic pressure condition is proposed. The total elastic stress-field distributions is determined using the elastodynamic equation. The effects of unloading rate and dynamic mechanical parameters of isotropic deep rock masses on the zonal disintegration phenomenon of the surrounding rock masses around a deep spherical tunnel as well as the total elastic stress field distributions are considered. The number and size of fractured and non-fractured zones are determined by using the Hoek-Brown criterion. Numerical computation is carried out. It is found from numerical results that the number of fractured zones increases with increasing the disturbance coefficient, in-situ stress, unloading time and unloading rate, and it decreases with increasing parameter geological strength index, the strength parameter and the uniaxial compressive strength of intact rock.     

基于复变理论的城门洞型隧洞围岩黏弹性位移解析解（研究生论坛）

围岩蠕变特性是影响隧洞长期稳定性的主要因素,目前对黏弹性位移仅得到圆形、椭圆形和矩形等简单边界的解析表达式,而对城门洞型隧洞,则尚未提出较精确的黏弹性位移计算式。基于任意边界的围岩弹性位移的计算过程,运用复变函数理论,根据实际情况简化计算模型,推导了城门洞型隧洞围岩边界位移的弹性解析解,再根据弹性-黏弹性对应原理,通过Laplace变换及其逆变换进一步得到了城门洞型隧洞边界位移的黏弹性解析解。结合某软岩隧洞工程,开展解析解、弹性有限元及FLAC3D流变分析,计算表明：三种计算方法洞室边界黏弹性变形规律基本相似,初始弹性变形吻合较好,且黏性变形的演变规律与数值分析及现场实测结果基本一致,表明应用文中方法的实用性和可靠性。     

Prevention of rockburst by guide holes based on numerical simulations

We studied variations in the stress field around guide holes drilled during tunnel excavation to understand the mechanical mechanism by which these holes help prevent rockburst. The study used elasto-plastic analysis of a circular chamber under non-axisymmetrical loads. The results showed that the unloading of in-situ stresses, and the forming of a secondary stress field, leads to a severe change in the stress field around the guide holes. This causes the formation of an X-shaped area of plastic deformation, which prevents the rockburst. Adopting a sub-model finite dement technique, we analyzed the factors that influence the distribution of the plastic area, such as the guide hole distribution and the in-situ stress state. The calculations showed that higher initial stresses result in greater adjustment to the stress field. When the stress concentration is greater the size of the plastic area surrounding the guide hole is larger. A multi-row distribution of the guide holes shaped like a quincunX can increase the interconnectivity of the plastic areas and allow the plastic area to extend from the tunnel wall deep into the surrounding rock. An optimized design was put forward based on the distribution of the plastic area around guide holes and the factors that influence it.     

Zonal disintegration phenomenon in enclosing rock mass surrounding deep tunnels -- Elasto-plastic analysis of stress field of enclosing rock mass

The zonal disintegration phenomenon (ZDP) is a typical phenomenon in deep block rock masses. In order to investigate the mechanism of ZDP, an improved non-linear Hock-Brown strength criterion and a bi-linear constitutive model of rock mass were used to analyze the elasto-plastic stress field of the enclosing rock mass around a deep round tunnel. The radius of the plastic region and stress of the enclosing rock mass were obtained by introducing dimensionless parameters of radial distance. The results show that tunneling in deep rock mass causes a maximum stress zone to appear in the vicinity of the boundary of the elastic and the plas-tic zone in the surrounding rock mass. Under the compression of a large tangential force and a small radial force, the rock mass in the maximum stress zone was in an approximate uniaxial loading state, which could lead to a split failure in the rock mass.     

Investigation of stability of a tunnel in a deep coal mine in China

Stability level of tunnels that exist in an underground mine has a great influence on the safety, production and economic performance of mines. Ensuring of stability for soft-rock tunnels is an important task for deep coal mines located in high in situ stress conditions. Using the available information on stratigraphy, geological structures, in situ stress measurements and geo-mechanical properties of intact rock and discontinuity interfaces, a three-dimensional numerical model was built by using 3DEC software to simulate the stress conditions around a tunnel located under high in situ stress conditions in a coal rock mass in China. Analyses were conducted for several tunnel shapes and rock support patterns. Results obtained for the distribution of failure zones, and stress and displacement fields around the tunnel were compared to select the best tunnel shape and support pattern to achieve the optimum stability conditions.     

应力剪胀对浅埋隧道稳定性系数的影响

考虑剪胀对隧道围岩稳定性的影响,对浅埋圆形盾构隧道、浅埋两车道公路隧道和浅埋双线铁路隧道在围岩发生塑性流动时进行力学特征分析。分析圆形盾构隧道围岩的位移,塑性区分布和最大剪切应变率;计算圆形断面、双线铁路隧道、双车道公路隧道等3种不同断面形状隧道的稳定性系数,分析剪胀角对围岩稳定性系数的影响。研究结果表明：剪胀角对围岩位移的影响存在一个临界值;在围岩发生塑性流动时,塑性区随着剪胀角的增大而逐渐增加;剪胀角对围岩剪切破坏带和围岩稳定性系数都有较大影响;随着剪胀角的变化,隧道临界稳定系数也发生变化。