Tribological properties of dimpled surface alloying layer on carbon steel

The effect of surface structure and coating on tribological properties of 45^# carbon steel disc was analyzed. A Nd:YAG laser was used to generate microdimples on steel surfaces. Dimples with diameter of 150 m and depth of 50 m were distributed in an orbicular array on disc surface. Then the alloying element Mo was sputtered to 45^# carbon steel disc surface by means of double glow plasma technology. Diffusion Mo alloying layer with 30 min thickness and high hardness up to 0.025 was formed on the disc surface. Tribological experiments of three types samples (smooth, texturing and texturing+alloying) were conducted with a pin-on-disc tribometer. It is found that the dimpled-samples are most effective for reducing friction in comparison with smooth steel surfaces, improving the lubricating state from boundary to hydrodynamic region. Funded by the High Technology Research Project of Jiangsu Province (No. BG2007046), and the Productive Translation Item of College Scientific Research of Jiangsu Province Educational Office( No. JHB06-04)     

XPS study of the corrosion resisting composite alloying layer obtained by double glow plasma with the brush plating Ni interlayer

The Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu multi-element surface alloying with the electric brush plating Ni interlayer on the low carbon steel substrate has been investigated. By the electrochemical method in 3.5% (mass fraction) NaC1 solution, the corrosion resistance of the composite alloying layer and single alloying layer is determined. The experimental results show that the corrosion resistance of the composite alloying layer is obviously better than that of the single alloying layer. The structure and composition of passive films formed on the two kinds of alloyed layers after electrochemical tests in 3.5% NaC1 solution have been studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is concluded that the double glow plasma surface alloying of low carbon steel with the electric brush plating Ni interlayer is an appropriate technique to enhance the corrosion resistance compared with the single double glow surface alloying.     

Thermodynamic analysis of carbon migration in W1-1.0C steel in plasma surface chromizing

W 1-1.0C steel was chromized at 1173 K with double glow plasma surface alloying process, and the distribution of Fe, Cr, and C contents in the chromized layer was measured using glow discharge spectrum analysis （GDA）. The behavior and mechanism of carbon migration during the formation of chromized layer were studied through thermodynamic analysis and calculation. The gradient of carbon chemical potential was regarded as the driving force of carbon migration. An equation was derived to describe the carbon content varying with the chromium content within the carbon-rich region. The calculated results from the equation approximated closely to the experimental ones.     

仿生非光滑表面材料与铝合金制件间的减黏

根据工程仿生学原理,用45#钢和高速钢材料通过激光加工的方式制备出具有网格状结构表面的仿生非光滑试样,并与光滑表面试样在电子万能试验机上进行了脱附对比试验。结果表明,仿生非光滑表面试样的抗黏附性能明显优于光滑表面试样,其与制件间的黏附力比光滑表面降低4.7%~20.9%。观察发现,非光滑单元体的凹坑结构与制件接触界面间形成的空隙降低了试样与制件间的实际接触面积,是使仿生非光滑表面试样具有良好抗黏附性能的主要原因。仿生非光滑结构为提高材料表面的抗黏附性能开辟了一条新途径。     

Improving corrosion resistance of Q235 steel by Ni-Cr alloyed layer

Ni-Cr alloyed layer was formed on surface of Q235 steel by double glow plasma surface metallurgy to improve the corrosion resistance of substrate. The composition and microstructure of alloyed layer was analyzed by SEM and XRD. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was applied to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the alloyed layer. The results showed working pressure had a great effect on structure of Ni-Cr alloyed layer, and the dense and smooth alloyed layer was prepared at 50 Pa working pressure. Compared with substrate, Ni-Cr alloyed layer exhibited higher corrosion potential, lower corrosion current density and larger charge transfer resistance, which indicated that Ni-Cr alloyed layer significantly modified the corrosion resistance of Q235 steel.     

准分子激光加工与研磨加工Al2O3陶瓷表面形貌的比较

采用了准分子激光和研磨两种不同的加工方法,在微构件常用的Al2O3陶瓷材料表面构建表面微观形貌.通过表面轮廓仪测量加工试件表面形貌,采用自行研制的表面形貌参数表征系统进行表面形貌统计参数计算.分析不同加工方法对同一种材料表面形貌的影响,采用表面形貌统计参数中的轮廓高度算术平均值Ra、轮廓高度均方根值Rq、坡度均方根值.Zq对表面形貌进行评价.结果表明,准分子激光加工表面的Ra、Rq和.Zq值均比研磨加工表面小.分析可得,准分子激光加工与传统研磨加工方法相比,能够获得较高要求的表面形貌,为微机械的设计提供重要参考依据.     

双层辉光离子渗金属过程的数学模型初探

根据双层辉光离子渗金属的基本物理过程,建立并求解了工艺过程中3个基本过程,即源极金属原子的溅射、空间输运和缺陷增强扩散的流量方程在宏观工艺参数条件下探讨了由气压、电压、极间距离和温度确定的渗层成分-深度随时间变化的模拟方法,讨论了由实际工艺条件转化为数学模型所采取的步骤,建立方程所依据的假定和简化的合理性,得出了与实验相吻合的计算结果．     

碳钢激光表面钨和硅合金化的组织

使用1.5kW连续波CO_2激光器住45~#钢基体上进行钨和硅的表面合金化。研究了激光表面合金化工艺参数对激光表面合金化层的平整度、硬度及显微组织的影响。用实验优化了激光表面合金化参数,对具有3个不同区的合金化层结构和热影响区的组织进行了分析讨论。     

Cavitation erosion behavior of WC coatings on CrNiMo stainless steel by laser alloying

The WC powder was precoated on the surface of CrNiMo stainless steel and then made into an alloying layer by using the laser alloying technique.Phases in the layers were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and surface morphologies after cavitation erosion were observed with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The cavitation erosion behavior of the CrNiMo stainless steel and WC laser alloying layer in distilled water was tested with the help of ultrasonic vibration cavitation ero-sion equipment.The results showed that the thickness of the laser alloying layer was about 0.13 mm.The layer had a dense micro-structure, metallurgically bonded to the substrate, and no crack had been found.The cavitation erosion mass loss rate of the laser al-loying layer was only 2/5 that of the CrNiMo stainless steel.The layer had better cavitation resistance properties because of its met-allurgical combination and the strengthening effects of the precipitate phases.     

奥氏体不锈钢表面等离子渗锆合金层的抗酸腐蚀性研究

为提高0Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢在特殊应用环境的耐酸腐蚀性能,采用双辉等离子渗金属技术在不锈钢基体表面渗锆,对渗锆合金层的相结构进行检测分析,将奥氏体不锈钢基体试样和表面渗锆试样分别在0.5 mol/LH2SO4溶液、0.5mol/L HNO3溶液、0.5 mol/L HCl溶液进行电化学腐蚀对比试验。结果表明:在H2SO4溶液、HNO3溶液、HCl溶液中,不锈钢基材的相对腐蚀速度分别是渗锆合金层的2.18倍、9.73倍、24.43倍;不锈钢基体表面腐蚀较为严重,而渗锆合金层表面仅出现轻微的局部腐蚀坑。奥氏体不锈钢表面渗锆后,渗锆合金层中合金元素呈梯度分布,且腐蚀时在表面形成了一层致密的氧化锆钝化膜,因而其抗酸腐蚀性能相对基体大幅提升,在HCl溶液比在H2SO4溶液和HNO3溶液中耐蚀效果更明显。     

316L不锈钢等离子渗钛-热氧化制备TiO2膜及性能

为了提高316L不锈钢的表面性能,以满足其在医用环境下服役的要求,利用等离子表面合金化和真空热氧化复合处理技术,在316L不锈钢表面制备TiO₂薄膜。借助金相显微、辉光放电发射谱（GDOED）、x-射线光电子谱（XPS）和x-射线衍射（XRD）分析薄膜的组织结构,以蒸馏水为对象进行光诱导超亲水性试验,用球-盘磨损试验对比测试薄膜与基体的摩擦学性能。结果表明：薄膜均匀致密,Ti、O元素沿层深呈梯度分布,具有锐钛矿型TiO₂结构; 薄膜具有较高的亲水性,可见光照射下,30 min内接触角降为8.5°; 在7.6 N负荷下,薄膜与Al₂O₃陶瓷球对磨时的摩擦系数为0.30~0.40,磨损率仅为1.14×10^-4 mm³·N^-1·m^-1,复合处理后薄膜耐磨减摩性能指标明显优于不锈钢基材.     

仿生非光滑表面材料与铝合金制件间的减黏

根据工程仿生学原理,用45^#钢和高速钢材料通过激光加工的方式制备出具有网格状结构表面的仿生非光滑试样,并与光滑表面试样在电子万能试验机上进行了脱附对比试验。结果表明,仿生非光滑表面试样的抗黏附性能明显优于光滑表面试样,其与制件间的黏附力比光滑表面降低4．7％～20．9％。观察发现,非光滑单元体的凹坑结构与制件接触界面间形成的空隙降低了试样与制件间的实际接触面积,是使仿生非光滑表面试样具有良好抗黏附性能的主要原因。仿生非光滑结构为提高材料表面的抗黏附性能开辟了一条新途径。     

钢在离子渗金属过程中的碳迁移研究

为探讨钢在双辉离子渗金属过程中碳迁移的基本规律,在不同工艺条件下进行了离子渗金属试验研究．结果表明:渗入碳化物形成元素时,在渗层前沿形成脱碳层;双辉离子渗金属中的强脱碳现象是表面溅射和渗入碳化物形成元素共同作用的结果;脱碳层深度随阴极电压的增加、加热温度的提高和保温时间的延长而加深;脱碳层具有等轴晶和柱状晶2种显微组织形态．     

Surface Metallurgy of Nickle Base Superalloy

The Double Glow Plasma Surface Alloying Technique, the Xu-Tee Process, is a new method to produce high quality alloying layer on the surface of less expensive materials. By using thes technique, the surface alloying layer similar to superalloy Inconel 625 has been obtained on the surface of three kinds of melallic materials (low carbon steel, industrial pure iron, stainless steel Cr18Ni9). The results of the composition and microstructure analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Uffrachon (XRD) show that the alloying layer consistS of y matrix and several precipitates (Laves intermetallic phase and carbide etc.). The electrochemical corrosion results show that the surface alloying layer formed on the surface of stainless steel and industrial pure iron have better corrosion resistance than that of nickel base alloy inconel 625 and stainless steel Cr18Ni9 in 3.5%NaCl solution. The exper iments indicate that it is an effective way to obtain the gradient surface alloying layer on the surfaces of steels by using Double Glow Plasma Surface Alloying Technique.     

Preparation and characterization of plasma Cu surface modified stainless steel

Cu modified layer was prepared on the surface of AISI304 stainless steel by plasma surface alloying technique.The effects of processing parameters on the thickness,surface topography,microstructure and chemical composition of Cu modified layer were characterized using glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy(GDOES),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The experimental results show that the surface modified layer is a duplex layer(deposited + diffused layer)with thickness of about 26 μm under the optimum process parameters.The modified layer is mainly composed of a mixture of Cu and expanded austenite phase.The ball-on-disk results show that the modified layer possesses low friction coefficients(0.25)and excellent wear resistance(wear volume 0.005×109 μm3).The Cu modified layer is very effective in killing the bacteria S.aureus.Meanwhile,no viable S.aureus is found after 3 h(100% killed)by contact with the Cu alloyed surface.     

Effects of C,N-codoped on the corrosion resistance of TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> films prepared by plasma surface alloying and thermal oxidation duplex process

C,N-codoped TiO 2 films have been deposited onto stainless steel substrates using plasma surface alloying and thermal oxidation duplex process.Composition analysis shows that the films shield the substrates entirely.The TiO 2 films are anatase in structure as characterized by X-ray diffraction.The electrochemical measurements show that the equilibrium corrosion potential positively shifts from-0.275 eV for bare stainless steel to-0.267 eV for C,N-codoped TiO 2 coated stainless steel,and the corrosion current density decreases from 1.3×10-5 A/cm2 to 4.1×10-6 A/cm2.The corrosion resistance obtained by electrochemistry noise also reveals that the C,N-codoped TiO 2 films provide good protection for stainless steel against corrosion in stimulated body fluid.The above results indicate that C,N-codoped TiO 2 films deposited by plasma surface alloying and thermal oxidation duplex process are effective in protecting stainless steel from corrosion.     

Plasma Surface Cu Alloyed Layer as a Lubricant on Stainless Steel Sheet:Wear Characteristics and On-job Performance in Incremental Forming

To solve the problems of poor forming and easy adhesion of the stainless steel,Cu alloyed layer on the stainless steels was prepared by the double glow plasma surface alloying technique.The experimentalresults indicated that the supersaturated copper dispersedly precipitated in grain interior and crystalboundaries and formed the vermicular structure.The tribologicaltests indicated that the friction coefficient of the Cu alloyed layer was lower than that of the stainless steels.The wear rate of stainless steelin the presence of Cu alloyed layer was approximately 2-fold lower than that in the absence of the alloyed layer.The results of the incrementalforming indicated that the ploughing phenomenon was not observed on the stainless steelin the presence of Cu alloyed layer during the incrementalforming,while the stainless steelpresented the deep ploughing.Therefore,Cu alloyed layer on stainless steelexhibited excellent self-lubrication and forming properties.     

准分子激光加工工艺参数优化

本文采用准分子激光加工方法,选择不同的工艺参数对Al2O3 陶瓷材料试件进行加工,通过表面轮廓仪测量表面微观形貌,并计算其表面轮廓高度均方根值Rq.采用二次多项式拟合方法分析激光加工工艺参数对表面形貌的影响,即放大器电压、激光脉冲频率、激光扫描速度等工艺参数对表面轮廓     

准分子激光修饰Al2O3陶瓷表面的微摩擦特性研究

利用准分子激光修饰微构件常用的Al2O3陶瓷试件,通过改变准分子激光加工工艺参数获得不同的微观表面,并用自行研制的微摩擦测试仪进行微摩擦实验研究.结果表明,在相同条件下摩擦系数随着载荷的增大而减小,随着速度的增大而增大.而准分子激光修饰表面比原始表面的摩擦系数要小,说明利用准分子激光表面修饰可以达到减小摩擦的目的.此外,研究了准分子激光工艺参数与修饰表面摩擦性能的相关性,结果表明,摩擦系数随着放大器电压的变化趋于稳定、随着激光脉冲频率的增大而有增大的趋势、随着激光扫描速度和激光扫描遍数的增大呈现减小趋势.     

45号钢镀镍后激光表面合金化

为提高45号钢的表面硬度,达到表面改性的目的,对表面镀镍的45号钢进行了激光表面合金化。结果表明:合金化层组织形态为细小的枝晶,明显优于基体组织;合金化层平均硬度比基材提高3倍。