玻璃纤维/聚乳酸复合包装薄膜的制备及表征

目的添加适量的玻璃纤维(GF)改善聚乳酸(PLA)的力学性能以适应产品的包装。方法聚乳酸与玻璃纤维共混制备复合包装材料,为了增加2种物质的相容性,加入KH550改性玻璃纤维以增强材料的力学性能。测试该复合材料力学性能、透光率、红外谱图,并用扫描电子显微镜观察复合包装材料的断面形貌。结果聚乳酸中添加一定量的玻璃纤维后,复合薄膜的力学性能增强。添加质量分数为15%的玻璃纤维,薄膜的拉伸强度最大;添加质量分数为25%的玻璃纤维时,冲击强度最大;用质量分数为1%的KH550偶联剂改性玻璃纤维,明显增强了GF和PLA的相容性,拉伸强度明显提高;GF所占比例愈大,GF/PLA复合薄膜材料的透光率越低,雾度越高,对包装材料的可视性有一定的影响。结论玻璃纤维具有超强的增强效果,其在改善聚乳酸脆性方面具有显著的意义和广阔的发展前景。     

相容剂对长玻纤增强热塑性聚氨酯弹性体/聚乳酸复合材料性能的影响

采用熔体浸渍工艺制备长玻纤增强热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)/聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料;以苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(SAG)作为相容剂,热塑性弹性体聚氨酯作为增韧剂,聚乳酸为基体树脂,考察苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯用量对长玻璃纤维增强聚TPU/PLA复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,加入苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯能改善长玻璃纤维增强聚TPU/PLA复合材料的相容性;长玻璃纤维增强聚TPU/PLA复合材料的拉伸强度、缺口冲击强度、弯曲强度和模量等力学性能及储能模量随着苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯用量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,而长玻璃纤维增强聚TPU/PLA复合材料的损耗因子则随苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯含量的增加呈现降低后增加的趋势;通过复合材料的形态分析表明,加入相容剂的复合材料中玻璃纤维与基体树脂界面强度增加,且玻璃纤维表面有一层包覆的树脂基体;通过分析得出,当相容剂添加量为6%时,长玻璃纤维增强聚TPU/PLA复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和模量、缺口冲击强度等力学性能最优。     

聚乳酸木塑复合材料的增韧及结晶性能

选用不同弹性体乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)、马来酸酐接枝乙烯辛烯共聚物(POE-MAH)、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯接枝乙烯辛烯共聚物(POE-GMA)与木粉和聚乳酸在Haake转矩流变仪中熔融共混,考察弹性体对聚乳酸木塑复合材料冲击强度的影响,发现POE-GMA对聚乳酸木塑复合材料的增韧效果最好,研究了POE-GMA的用...     

聚乳酸增强增韧的研究进展

聚乳酸（PLA）作为一种新型的生物可降解材料,来源广泛、加工性能良好,但其硬而脆的属性限制了其在一些领域的应用。近年来,人们采用多种方法对PLA进行增强增韧改性以获得最优性能。文中针对PLA的特性、功能化和高性能化的发展趋势,并结合笔者课题组有关PLA的工作,首先揭示了PLA增强增韧的机理,然后从化学改性和物理改性两方面介绍了PLA的改性方法,随后讨论了聚乳酸与生物降解型和非生物降解型聚合物组成的复合材料,最后总结了聚乳酸在绿色电子器件、生物医用材料、形状记忆功能材料等领域中的应用,并对其未来的发展形势做出了展望,为开发新型聚乳酸增强增韧策略提供新的方法和思路。     

活性橡胶与蒙脱土复合增强不饱和聚酯/玻璃纤维复合材料的结构与性能

制备了丙烯酸酯封端聚氨酯(ATPU)和改性蒙脱土(OMMT)复合增强不饱和聚酯/玻璃纤维复合材料。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等研究了ATPU和OMMT的复合对不饱和聚酯/玻璃纤维复合材料的力学性能、热变形温度和结构的影响。结果表明,丙烯酸酯封端聚氨酯与改性蒙脱土的复合具有协同效应,可以大大提高不饱和聚酯/玻璃纤维复合材料的冲击强度和拉伸强度,并使复合材料的弯曲强度、巴氏硬度和热变形温度略有提高;丙烯酸酯封端聚氨酯与改性蒙脱土的复合还提高了聚合物基体与玻璃纤维的界面粘合强度。     

磨碎玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的制备及力学性能研究

用硅烷偶联剂对磨碎玻璃纤维表面进行改性,并制备玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料,采用超声分散对复合材料分散处理,探讨不同磨碎玻璃纤维粉质量比对环氧树脂基复合材料压缩、拉伸性能的影响。研究表明,添加磨碎玻璃纤维后,环氧树脂的强度和硬度显著增强。当磨碎玻璃纤维掺量在15%~25%之间时,复合材料的综合力学性能最好,其压缩强度、压缩模量、拉伸强度最高达到67.1 MPa、1.68 GPa、57.6 MPa,与纯环氧树脂相比提高了24%、35%、34%;断裂伸长率随着掺量的增加逐渐降低,当含量达到30%时比纯环氧树脂的降低了48%,表明添加玻璃纤维粉后环氧树脂脆性增强。目数小粒径较大的玻璃纤维粉对环氧树脂力学性能增强效果更优,但影响程度不如含量对复合材料力学性能的影响大。     

改性nano-SiO_2/HDPE复合体系性能的研究

采用母粒法将改性后的粉体SiO2与HDPE树脂混合、制样,并对样品的力学性能及粉体在基体树脂中的分散情况等进行了测试.结果表明:纳米SiO2对HDPE有一定的增强增韧作用;填充纳米SiO2的改性PE强度和韧性高于纯PE;随着纳米SiO2含量的增大,复合材料的增强增韧效果越强.同时经过改性的SiO2在树脂中有很好的分散效果.     

有机累托石改性不饱和聚酯/玻璃纤维复合材料的性能

采用有机累托石(OREC)改性不饱和聚酯,制备OREC改性的不饱和聚酯/玻璃纤维三元复合材料,测试其力学性能,研究其耐介质性、耐紫外光老化性及耐热氧老化性能,并利用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析复合材料的微观结构,探讨OREC改性不饱和聚酯/玻璃纤维复合材料的增强机理.结果表明,采用OREC能改善不饱和聚酯/玻璃纤维复合材料的力学性能,当OREC的质量含量为2%时,所制备的复合材料的综合性能最佳,与未改性的不饱和聚酯/玻璃纤维复合材料相比,弯曲强度增加了14.0%,弯曲模量增加了22.4%,层间剪切强度增加了8.2%,且改性后复合材料的耐水煮性能、耐碱性、耐紫外光性能及耐热氧老化性能均提高.     

硅烷偶联剂对玻璃纤维/聚氨酯复合材料性能的影响研究

采用硅烷偶联剂(KH550)对玻璃纤维进行表面处理,并对改性玻纤进行红外分析,结果证明硅烷偶联剂使玻璃纤维表面基团增加。用改性玻纤制备改性玻纤/聚氨酯复合材料,与原玻纤增强聚氨酯材料的力学性能及泡孔结构进行对比。结果表明:硅烷偶联剂处理能够提高玻璃纤维与聚氨酯基体的界面强度,改善玻璃纤维在聚氨酯基体中的分散情况,使玻璃纤维/聚氨酯复合材料的力学性能提高,同时改善复合材料的泡孔结构。     

改性硬硼钙石/EVA复合材料的力学和阻燃性能研究

采用湿法对硬硼钙石粉进行表面改性,改性粉体的X射线衍射、红外光谱及接触角测试表明粉体表面获得了良好的修饰,疏水性大幅提高,接触角达到131.5°.在乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)中添加不同量的改性硬硼钙石粉体,研究了粉体填充量对EVA复合材料力学性能和燃烧性能的影响.TG-DTG热分析表明,添加硬硼钙石可降低EVA的分解率,提高树脂体系的分解温度.EVA复合材料的力学性能和燃烧性能测试表明:(1)当粉体填充量为30％时,对EVA复合材料体系的力学性能影响较小,有一定的阻燃性能,平均拉伸强度为11.07MPa,平均断裂伸长率达到784.9％;(2)当粉体填充量为40％时,阻燃性能较好,平均断裂伸长率为785.2％.     

Structural and optical properties of AlxOy/Pt/AlxOy multilayer absorber

We report on the microstructure and optical properties of Al_xO_y–Pt–Al_xO_y interference-type multilayer films, deposited by electron beam (e-beam) deposition onto corning 1737 glass, silicon (1 1 1) and copper substrates. The structural properties were investigated by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The optical properties were extracted from specular reflection/transmission, diffuse reflectance and emissometer measurements. The stratification of the coatings consists of a semi-transparent middle Pt layer sandwiched between two layers of Al_xO_y. The top and bottom Al_xO_y layers were non-stoichiometric with no crystalline phases present. The Pt layer is in the fcc crystalline phase with a broad size distribution and spheroidal shape in and between the rims of Al_xO_y. The surface roughness of the stack was found to be comparable to the inter-particle distance. The optical calculations confirm a high solar absorptance of ∼0.94 and a low thermal emittance of ∼0.06 for the multilayer stack, which is attributed not only to the optimized nature of the multilayer interference stacks, but also to the specific surface morphology and texture of the coatings. These optical characteristics validate the spectral selectivity of the Al_xO_y–Pt–Al_xO_y interference-type multilayer stack for use in high temperature solar-thermal applications.     

Synthesis of a new perovskite Pb(Li14Nb34)O3

A high-pressure technique was adopted to obtain perovskite-type $\text{Pb(Li}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$. A new perovskite $\text{Pb(Li}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$ was characterized to have a cubic symmetry with $\text{a}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>o</mtext>}}\text{= 4.069}\text{A}\text{?}$; Li and Nb ions in the B-site of perovskite lattice may be in a random arrangement.     

Bulk crystalline BaPb34Bi14O3: A ceramic superconductor

The preparation conditions of the high T_C ceramic superconductor Ba(Pb,Bi)O₃ is correlated with the superconducting transition. Transition onsets of all materials are similar, but transition widths and transition completeness is strongly dependent on firing temperature. Only materials prepared over a narrow temperature range, resulting in a nearly ideal weight loss, have a complete and narrow transition.     

Optimization of AlxOy/Pt/AlxOy multilayer spectrally selective coatings for solar-thermal applications

Spectrally selective Al_xO_y/Pt/Al_xO_y multilayer absorber coatings were deposited onto corning 1737 glass, Si (111) and copper substrates using electron beam (e-beam) vacuum evaporator at room temperature. The employment of ellipsometric measurements and optical simulation was proposed as an effective method to optimize and deposit multilayer solar absorber coatings. The optical constants (n and k) measured using spectroscopic ellipsometry, showed that both Al_xO_y layers, which used in the coatings, were dielectric in nature and the Pt layer was semi-transparent. The optimized multilayer coatings exhibited high solar absorptance α ∼ 0.94 ± 0.01 and low thermal emittance ? ∼ 0.06 ± 0.01 at 82 °C. The Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) data of Al_xO_y/Pt/Al_xO_y multilayer absorber indicated the Al_xO_y layers present in the coating were nearly stoichiometry. The scanning electron microscope analysis (SEM) result indicated that the average diameter and inter-particles distance of Pt grains were statistically about 146 ± 0.17 nm and 6-10 ± 0.2 nm respectively.     

Electrostriction in Pb (Zn13Nb23)O3

The electrostriction in $\text{Pb (Zn}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>2</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$ crystals has been investigated using a strain gauge method. In the ferroelectric phase below 140 C, the strain vs the electric field shows a hysteresis, which is ascribed to the effect of ferroelectric domains. A quadratic relation holds between the strain x and the electric polarization P as x = QP² above about 170 C in the paraelectric phase. Values of the electrostrictive Q coefficients are determined from the measurements near 190 C, as Q₁₁ = 1.6·10^?2m⁴/C², Q₁₂ = ?0.86·10^?2m⁴/C², and Q₄₄ = 0.85·10^?2m⁴/C².     

Magnetic,electrical and thermal studies on the V1−xMox02

The monoclinic-to-tetragonal structure transition of oxides V_1?xMo_x0₂ with $\text{0≤}\text{x}\text{≤0.20}$ has been studied by means of DTA, X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility (powder samples) and electrical conductivity (single crystals) measurements within the temperature region 80 K to 400 K. A linear decrease of the transition temperature of 11 K per atom % Mo was observed. The magnetic susceptibility of the low temperature phase was found to be temperature independent paramagnetic for all preparations. Electrical conductivity measurements on the same phase showed crystals with $\text{x}\text{? 0.04}$ to be semiconducting, while a metallic behavior was observed in the region $\text{0.10 ?}\text{x}\text{? 0.14}$.     

n-PbTep+−Pb1−xSnxTe heterojunctions prepared by a modified hot wall technique

$\text{n-PbTe}\text{p}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{?}\text{Pb}{}_{\mathrm{1?x}}\text{Sn}{}_{\mathrm{x}}\text{Te}$ heterojunctions with a long wavelength spectral cutoff (λ_c ≈ 6 μm) were prepared using the double-channel hot wall technique. The electrical and photoelectrical properties of the heterojunctions at 77, 197 and 300 K were investigated. Detectors with R_oA equal to 170 Ω cm² and a quantum efficiency of 25–40% were obtained. Reasons for the shift of the long wavelength spectral cutoff of the heterojunctions towards shorter wavelengths are given.     

Reactive plasma deposited SixCyHz films

Si_xC_yH_z films have been prepared at 200°C by reactive plasma deposition from SiH₄ and CH₄ diluted in helium in a tubular reactor. These films have a ratio s (equal to $\text{Si}\text{(}\text{Si+C}\text{))}$ ranging from 0.2 to 0.8, a refractive index ranging from 1.96 to 2.6 and an optical energy band gap in the range 2.7-2.2 eV. The total quantity of hydrogen in the film is 40% when s=0.5. Infrared analysis shows that these films have large fractions of homonuclear bonds and that this material is best described as a polymer. Mass spectrometric measurements of the gaseous products formed in the SiH₄-CH₄-He plasma have been performed and the results are related to the composition of the deposited layers.     

Core-current-enhanced domain-wall pinning in nanocrystalline Fe/sub 73.5/Cu/sub 1/Nb/sub 3/Si/sub 15.5/B/sub 7/ ribbon

We have studied the influence of surface fields H/sub p/ (generated by either direct or alternating core current) on soft magnetic properties of amorphous and nanocrystalline Fe/sub 73.5/Cu/sub 1/Nb/sub 3/Si/sub 15.5/B/sub 7/ ribbon. While in an amorphous ribbon the coercive field H/sub c/ decreases with H/sub p/, in the same optimally annealed ribbon (H/sub c/=1.3 A/m, M/sub m//spl ap/M/sub s/) H/sub c/ increases with H/sub p/ for all the explored types of H/sub p/ (static and dynamic with different phases with respect to that of the magnetizing field H). The unexpected increase of H/sub c/ in nanocrystalline ribbon is associated with the influence of H/sub p/ on the surface and main (inner) domain structure. Here, we develop a model that takes into account this influence and explains the experimental results.     

Interfacial microstructure of NiSix/HfO2/SiOx/Si gate stacks

Integration of NiSi_x based fully silicided metal gates with HfO₂ high-k gate dielectrics offers promise for further scaling of complementary metal-oxide- semiconductor devices. A combination of high resolution transmission electron microscopy and small probe electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis has been applied to study interfacial reactions in the undoped gate stack. NiSi was found to be polycrystalline with the grain size decreasing from top to bottom of NiSi_x film. Ni content varies near the NiSi/HfO_x interface whereby both Ni-rich and monosilicide phases were observed. Spatially non-uniform distribution of oxygen along NiSi_x/HfO₂ interface was observed by dark field Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy and EELS. Interfacial roughness of NiSi_x/HfO_x was found higher than that of poly-Si/HfO₂, likely due to compositional non-uniformity of NiSi_x. No intermixing between Hf, Ni and Si beyond interfacial roughness was observed.