铸态高强度高伸长率球铁凸轮轴的试制

采用覆砂铁型铸造工艺试制了铸态高强度、高伸长率球铁凸轮轴铸件,结果表明:铸件本体铸态金相组织为:球化级别2～3级,球墨尺寸为6级以上,珠光体含量超过90%;本体铸态力学性能为:抗拉强度高于800 MPa,伸长率高于5%。主要工艺措施有:(1)采用低S高纯度原铁液以及低S高纯度增碳剂;(2)分别采用含Sb的硅铁和含Mn的硅铁进行包内孕育和随流孕育,孕育剂使用前要预热;(3)覆砂层厚度控制在6～8 mm。     

Structure and mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy billets by different hot-top semi-continuous casting technology

AZ31 alloy billets of 200 mm in diameter were produced by three different processes of conventional direct chill(DC) casting,low-frequency electromagnetic casting(LFEC) and low-frequency electromagnetic vibration casting(LFEVC),respectively.The effect of LFEC and LFEVC on the microstructures,macrosegregation and mechanical properties of AZ31 alloy billets was investigated.In conventional DC casting,the AZ31 alloy billets exhibited coarse grains(about 370 μm) and severe segregation of Al and Zn.In the presence of a solo low-frequency alternating magnetic field or a low-frequency electromagnetic vibration field applied during DC casting of φ200 mm AZ31 billets,grains in the AZ31 alloy billets were effectively refined(about 210 μm) and the macrosegregation of Al and Zn in the billets was greatly decreased.Furthermore,the tensile strength,fracture elongation and hardness of the as-cast AZ31 alloy billets were improved by the processes of LFEC and LFEVC relative to that cast by the process of conventional DC casting.     

铸态QT550-10工作锚板的生产

采用覆砂铁型铸造工艺试制了铸态QT550-10工作锚板。采用废钢增C工艺熔炼原铁液,铁液出炉温度1 500～1 520℃;采用低Mg低RE球化剂冲入法进行球化处理,球化剂加入量为1%,球化处理时间不超过60 s;采用含Ca、Ba、Bi的孕育剂进行多次复合孕育处理。生产结果:铸件球化率为2级,铸态抗拉强度605 MPa,伸长率15.6%,满足要求。     

Effect of nodularity on mechanical properties and fracture of ferritic spheroidal graphite iron

Ferritic spheroidal graphite irons with nodularity from 72% to 96% were prepared. The relationship between the nodularity and the mechanical properties of the ferritic spheroidal graphite iron was investigated. The effect of nodularity on the mechanical properties and tensile fracture of the cast iron were studied. Results showed that the tensile strength Rm, yield strength R_(p0.2), elongation to failure A_5, and impact energy KV_2 of the cast iron had a good linear relationship with its nodularity. Nodularity and annealing treatment would obviously affect the fracture characteristics of ferritic spheroidal graphite iron. The annealed ferritic spheroidal graphite iron with 93% nodularity showed a completely ductile rupture. With the decrease of nodularity from 93% to 72%, the cleavage fracture area ratio increased gradually from 0% to 8.3%. Compared with as-cast ferritic spheroidal graphite iron, annealing treatment reduced the cleavage fracture area of the ferritic spheroidal graphite iron.     

不同压力对挤压铸造Al-Cu-Mg合金性能的影响

使用挤压铸造工艺制备了高强、高韧Al-4.5Cu-1Mg合金。在挤压力为70MPa下成型后,合金的最大抗拉强度达到288.8MPa、伸长率达到12.8%、HRB硬度达到48.3。通过对该合金力学性能及其显微组织的研究表明,合金的抗拉强度、伸长率以及硬度随着压力的增加而增大,并且在70MPa时达到最大值,70MPa之后继续增加压力,对材料性能影响不大。研究了挤压力对合金的密度和导电性的影响。试验结果表明,合金的密度随着压力的增加而快速增大,在挤压压力为70MPa时达到最大值,然后变化不大。     

热处理对挤压铸造Mg93YZn6合金组织和性能的影响

采用挤压铸造法制备了Mg93YZn6合金,并对其进行高温热处理,分析了铸态和热处理态的Mg93YZn6合金的微观组织、显微硬度和力学性能。结果表明,该合金的挤压铸造和热处理后的组织中均只有α-Mg基体相和准晶I相生成。经500℃×4h热处理后,合金中的准晶相含量与铸态合金中变化不大。经550℃×2h热处理后,合金中的准晶相有所减少。与铸态合金相比,热处理后合金的硬度、抗拉强度和伸长率均提高。     

离心铸造高铬合金铸铁气门座圈的组织及耐磨性能研究

采用离心铸造制备两种高铬合金铸铁气门座圈.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、金相显微镜、洛氏硬度计和扫描电镜(SEM),对气门座圈铸态及热处理态后的试样物相组成、金相组织、力学性能及拉伸断口形貌进行了观察和分析,同时在销盘式摩擦磨损试验机上对高铬合金铸铁气门座圈的耐磨性能进行了磨损试验.结果表明,热处理前高铬合金铸铁主要为由...     

旋转电磁场对BFe10-1-1合金管坯组织及力学性能的影响

研究旋转电磁场对水平连铸空心BFe10-1-1合金管坯凝固组织和力学性能的影响,并对其机理进行初步的探讨。结果表明：在工频旋转电磁场的搅拌作用下,BFe10-1-1合金管坯的凝固组织显著细化,由粗大的柱状晶完全转化为均匀细小的等轴晶,同时抑制了Ni元素的枝晶偏析;施加电磁场后管坯的力学性能得到明显改善,当励磁电流为80 A时,管坯抗拉强度提高了15.3%,屈服强度提高了10.9%,伸长率提高了58.6%。     

Evaluation of titanium alloy fabricated using electron beam melting system for dental applications

In recently advanced rapid prototyping and manufacturing methods, one additional process is to use an electron beam to fabricate metal objects by the layer by layer sintering and/or melting metal powder. This method is often called electron beam melting (EBM). This study examined the mechanical properties, the grindability and corrosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V ELI (extra low interstitial) specimens which were fabricated by the electron beam melting (EBM) process. Dumbbell-shaped specimens and two kinds of plate specimens were prepared using the Ti-6Al-4V ELI powder in the EBM system. The yield strength, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and percent elongation at a crosshead speed of 0.25 mm/min were tested. The Vickers hardness in interior structures was determined. Grindability was evaluated as volume loss (mm³) when the specimen was abraded using a SiC wheel at 1250 m/min for 1 min. Lastly, corrosion behavior was examined using the dynamic potentiostatic polarization technique in an artificial saliva at 37 °C. As controls, cast and commercial wrought alloys of Ti-6Al-4V ELI and commercially pure titanium (CP Ti) were evaluated. Cast specimens were prepared in a centrifugal casting machine using a MgO based mold. For the cast specimens, all the mechanical properties, grindability and corrosion characteristics were tested. On the other hand, for wrought specimens, only grindability and corrosion properties were tested. The yield and tensile strength of the as-fabricated Ti-6Al-4V ELI specimens without any additional metallurgical treatments were found to be 735 MPa and 775 MPa, respectively. The elongation was 2.3%. These values are well within many of precious and non-precious dental casting alloys.     

Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and properties of semi-solid squeeze casting AZ91D

Semi-solid AZ91D magnesium alloy billets were prepared by near-liquidus heat holding. Semi-solid squeeze casting was conducted at 575, 585 and 595 ℃, respectively, with 1 mm·s~(-1) squeeze speed. The semisolid squeeze casting AZ91D samples were heat treated by T4(solution at 415 ℃ for 24 h) and T6(solution at 415 ℃ for 24 h + 220 ℃ for 8 h) processes, respectively. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy in different states were investigated by means of OM, SEM and tensile testing machine. The results show that compared to as-cast alloy, the grain size of the semi-solid squeezed AZ91D decreased significantly, and with the increase of semi-solid squeeze temperature, the grain size of AZ91D increased. The grains of the alloy were refined by T4 treatment, and further refined by T6 treatment. T6 treatment greatly improved the tensile strength, elongation, and hardness, but did not significantly improve yield strength. After 575 ℃ squeeze casting and T6 treatment, the ultimate tensile strength(UTS) reached 285 MPa, the elongation reached 13.36%, and the hardness also reached the maximum(106.8 HV), but the yield strength(YS) was only 180 MPa. During the process of semi-solid squeeze casting and heat treatment, the matrix grain was refined and a large number of precipitated and secondary precipitated phases of Mg_(17)Al_(12) appeared. Both the average size of matrix grain and secondary precipitated phase decreased, while the volume fraction of secondary precipitated phase increased. All these resulted in high tensile strength, elongation and hardness.     

A double control forming technology combining die casting and forging for the production of Mg alloy components with enhanced properties

A double control forming technology combining the die casting and forging was firstly proposed for the production of Mg alloy components with enhanced properties. In this technology, high-speed filling of liquid melt and high-pressure forging of partially solidified melt were performed by using injection and forging systems of a double control forming device. Some Mg alloy motorcycle wheel components were produced by die casting and double control forming to verify the improvement of the mechanical properties of components formed by double control forming. The results showed that double control forming was an alternative technology for producing the complex Mg alloy components with enhanced properties. Average tensile strength and elongation of Mg alloy components produced by double control forming were greatly improved in comparison with die casting. The average tensile strength was enhanced from 126.8 MPa to 213 MPa and elongation was improved from 3.5% to 7.2%. The optimal process parameters were obtained according to the results of orthogonal experiments, which involved pouring temperature of 675 °C, injection speed of 2 m/s and die temperature of 210 °C. The improved nucleation frequency in the melt caused by the forging pressure led to successful grain refinement of the microstructure of the component produced by double control forming. The defects were removed from the microstructure due to plastic deformation caused by the forging pressure. A refined and densified microstructure led to an enhancement of mechanical properties of Mg alloy component produced by double control forming.     

Processing, microstructure and mechanical properties of magnesium matrix nanocomposites fabricated by semisolid stirring assisted ultrasonic vibration

Particulate reinforced magnesium matrix nanocomposites were fabricated by semisolid stirring assisted ultrasonic vibration. Compared with the as-cast AZ91 alloy, the grain size of matrix alloy in the SiCp/AZ91 nanocomposite stirring for 5 min was significantly decreased due to the addition of SiC nanoparticles. SiC nanoparticles within the grains exhibited homogeneous distribution although some SiC clusters still existed along the grain boundaries in the SiCp/AZ91 nanocomposite stirring for 5 min. With increasing the stirring time, agglomerates of SiC nanoparticles located along the grain boundaries increased. The ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation to fracture of the SiCp/AZ91 nanocomposite stirring for 5 min were simultaneously improved compared with the as-cast AZ91 alloy. However, the ultimate tensile strength and elongation to fracture of the SiCp/AZ91 nanocomposite decreased with increasing the stirring time.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Gd-Dy-Zn alloy with long period stacking ordered structure or stacking faults

The Mg-6.5Gd-2.5Dy-1.8Zn (wt.%) alloy with high strength and ductility was prepared by conventional casting method. At room temperature, the as-cast alloy with 14H long period stacking ordered (LPSO) structure exhibits an ultimate tensile strength of 276 MPa and elongation to failure of 10.8%, while they are 392 MPa and 6.1% for the peak-aged alloy with basal plane stacking faults (SF). The results indicate that the kinking of LPSO structure is beneficial for both work hardening and plasticity, and 14H LPSO structure contributes more to the improvement of ductility while SF is more effective in increasing strength.     

镦锻中心机身消失模铸造工艺

用消失模铸造生产牌号为HT300的Z46-18/4机身铸件。选择开放式浇注系统,适当设置内外冷铁,严格控制铁液的化学成分,并进行两次孕育;浇注后和开箱落砂前在型内保温适当时间。检测结果表明:整体铸件没有任何铸造缺陷;单铸试棒金相组织为:珠光体体积分数97%,碳化物3%;力学性能为抗拉强度325MPa,硬度229HB。     

Influence of homogenizing on mechanical properties of as-cast AZ31 magnesium alloy

Forward extrusion experiments of as-cast AZ31 magnesium alloy were conducted at different temperatures and different extrusion ratios using the as-cast billets with and without homogenizing treatment. The mechanical properties of pre- and post-extrusion of the two kinds of billets were investigated. Experimental results show that the mechanical properties of post-extrusion of the two kinds of billets all are obviously improved compared with those of pre-extrusion. The elongation of post-extrusion using the billet with homogenizing is higher than that without homogenizing, but the tensile strength is lower than that without homogenizing. When the extrusion ratio increases, the elongation and tensile strength of post-extrusion of two kinds of billets all will increase obviously. When the extrusion temperature of billet without homogenizing increases, the tensile strength of post-extrusion will decrease obviously and the elongation of post-extrusion will change to a small extent. For the billet with homogenizing, the tensile strength of post-extrusion will decrease in some sort when extrusion temperature increases.     

Preparation of in situ-formed WC/Fe composite on gray cast iron substrate by a centrifugal casting process

An iron-based composite reinforced by in situ-formed tungsten carbide particles was fabricated on gray cast iron substrate by a centrifugal casting process. The as-prepared composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and microhardness and wear testers. An appropriate pouring temperature (1300 °C) of the gray cast iron melt was chosen considering the dissolution temperature of the tungsten wires determined by differential scanning calorimetry. The experimental results showed that the tungsten wires were dissolved partially by the cast iron melt. As a result, primary and secondary tungsten carbide particles and pearlite with a negligible amount of graphite flakes were formed as the reinforcing phase and the matrix, respectively. The composite with a thickness of about 3 mm was dense and metallurgically bonded to the gray cast iron substrate. Wear resistance was determined by a pin-on-disc wear test technique, indicating that the composite containing high volume fraction of hard tungsten carbides presented higher wear resistance compared with the unreinforced gray cast iron.     

Feasibility study on utilizing carbon dioxide during the processing of Mg-Al alloys

The feasibility of utilizing carbon dioxide (CO₂) during magnesium-aluminium (Mg-Al) alloys processing was investigated by incorporating CO₂ gas during melting and casting of the alloys. Mg-Al alloys containing ∼3 wt.% and ∼5 wt.% Al were processed with and without CO₂ atmosphere using the disintegrated melt deposition (DMD) technique. The cast alloys after extrusion were characterized for their structural, physical and mechanical properties to identify the utilization of carbon dioxide during processing. Results indicated that sound, defect-free Mg-Alloys were produced with CO₂ processing. Improvement in mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength and compressive yield strength were observed. The in situ formation of Al₄C₃ phase during processing was identified as the reason for the improvement in the properties, which indicated the utilization of carbon dioxide by the melt.     

含钨量对铸态290Cr26MoW耐磨铸铁组织和硬度的影响

铸态合金耐磨铸铁适用于大型或复杂结构耐磨件。通过金相组织观察、X射线衍射相结构分析、图像分析仪定量金相测试和力学性能检测,研究了含钨量对铸态290Cr26MoW耐磨铸铁组织、结构和硬度的影响规律。结果表明,在含0～2.79%W的范围内,随着含W量的增加,铸态290Cr26MoW耐磨白口铸铁的初生基体数量减少,共晶团数量增加,共晶碳化物数量增加;铸态290Cr26MoW耐磨白口铸铁的碳化物结构类型没有改变,M7C3型碳化物为共晶碳化物;铸态290Cr26MoW耐磨白口铸铁基体的奥氏体比例增加,马氏体减少。马氏体多位于共晶团,即共晶碳化物周围。铸态290Cr26MoW耐磨白口铸铁的硬度由共晶碳化物数量和硬度以及基体中奥氏体和马氏体数量比共同决定。     

The effect of thermal ageing on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–Si–Fe/Mg alloys

In this paper the microstructure and ageing behavior of Al–Si–Fe/Mg alloys produced through sand-casting route is presented. 4.0–6.0 wt% Mg was added to Al–Si–Fe alloy. Standard mechanical properties test samples were prepared from the sand cast 25 mm diameter by 45 mm rods. Thermal ageing was done for 6 h at 200 °C. The ageing characteristics of these alloys were evaluated using tensile properties, hardness values, impact energy and microstructure as criteria. The thermal aged samples exhibited higher yield strength, tensile strength and hardness values as the weight percent of magnesium increased up to 5 wt% in the Al–Si–Fe/Mg alloys as compared to as-cast samples. The optimum values were obtained at 5 wt%Mg. Lower percent elongation, reduction in area and impact energy values were obtained for age-hardened Al–Si–Fe/Mg alloy samples as compared to as-cast samples. The increases in hardness values and strength during ageing are attributed to the formation of coherent and uniform precipitation in the metal lattice. It was found that the age-hardened showed acceleration in ageing compared to the as-cast alloy. However, the 5 wt%Mg addition to the alloy showed more acceleration to thermal ageing treatment. These results show that better mechanical properties are achievable by subjecting the as-cast Al–Si–Fe/Mg alloys to thermal ageing treatment.     

电磁连铸对AZ31镁合金组织及力学性能的影响

通过电磁连铸和普通连铸方法对AZ31镁合金进行连铸实验,对比分析有、无电磁场作用下的铸坯凝固宏观、微观组织和力学性能,并利用扫描电镜分析镁合金的断裂机理。结果表明:当表观直流电流为40~50 A时获得最佳磁场分布,此时电磁连铸的镁合金组织细小、均匀,树枝晶呈破碎状,其力学性能尤其是塑性变形能力显著提高,常温抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率较普通连铸分别提高17%,50%和81%,断口形貌显示其断裂具有韧性断裂的特性。